MD ZEESHANMTECH 3RD SEMESTERCIVIL CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGYV.T.U.R.C. GLB.

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ON CEMENT CONCRETE BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SAND

STEEL SLAG AND COARSE AGGREGATE BY LIMESTONE AGGREGATE

ABSTRACT

1. The Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is one of the main ingredients used for the

production of concrete.

2. In cement concrete the fine aggregate-sand can be replaced by Steel Slag which is a

non-metallic and non-hazardous waste of the Iron and steel plants. In addition to

slag we are also replacing some small amount of coarse aggregate by limestone

aggregate.

3. It is suitable for concrete mix and improves properties of concrete like compressive

strength, workability etc.

4. It has been seen various researchers that when sand is replaced with steel slag

compressive strength increases. However, this increase in compressive strength

continues up to a certain percentage of replacement, but higher ratios gives lower

compressive strength.

ABSTRACT CONTINUED

1. The main objective of this project work is to determine the optimum replacement percentage

which can be suitably used under the Indian conditions. To fulfill the objective various

properties of concrete using steel slag and limestone aggregate are to be evaluated. Different

fine aggregate replacements have been studied by substituting 5%, 10%, and 15% of slag.

The waste material was substituted for replacement of fine aggregates and for the preparation

of concrete cubes.

2. In this project, we have to follow the Indian standard methods and arrive at the required mix

design for required grade of concrete.

3. Experimental studies are to be conducted only on plain cement concrete. The preliminary

studies are to be conducted by mixing the slag and limestone aggregate with the cement

concrete cubes of standard sizes. The building material specimens should be analyzed for

compressive strength as per IS code.

INTRODUCTION

• Concrete is the third largest material consumed by human beings after food and water as per

WHO. The Concrete Industry is very large consumer of natural resources like sand, gravel,

crushed rock, etc as building material. Environmental restrictions of sand extraction from river

beds have resulted in search for alternative sources of fine aggregate, particularly near the larger

metropolitan areas.

• Due to industrialization enormous by-products are produced and to utilize these by-products is

the main challenge faced in India. Steel slag is one of the industrial by-product from the iron and

steel making industries.

• Concrete plays a vital role in the design and construction of the nation’s infrastructure. Almost

three quarters of the volume of concrete is composed of aggregates.

• Cement concrete intervene directly on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. These

are obtained from natural rocks and river beds, thus degrading them slowly.

INTRODUCTION CONTINUED

• Aggregates are the important constituents in concrete. They give body to the concrete,

reduce shrinkage and effect economy.

• The primary constituents of slag are lime (CaO) and silica (SiO2). Portland cement also

contains these constituents. The primary constituent of slag is soluble in water and

exhibits an alkalinity like that of cement or concrete. And as it is removed at high

temperatures of 1,200°C and greater, it contains no organic matter.

• If slag is properly processed then it develops hydraulic property and it can effectively

be used as a pozzolanic material. Steel slag essentially consists of silicates and alumina

silicates of calcium and other bases that are developed in a molten condition

simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. The chemical composition of oxides in steel

slag is similar to that of Portland cement but the proportion varies.

INTRODUCTION CONTINUED

• Iron and steel slag refers to the type of metal manufacturing slag that is generated

during the process of manufacturing iron and steel products. The term "slag"

originally referred to slag produced by metal manufacturing processes, however it

is now also used to describe slag that originates from molten waste material when

trash and other substances are disposed of at an incinerator facility.

• Limestone aggregates: Limestones are common and widespread rocks limestone is

also important as a source of lime to make cement Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is

the principal compound in limestones, which are, by definition, rocks composed

mainly of calcium carbonate.

SLAG CLASSIFICATION

IRON AND STEEL SLAG CLASSIFICATION

FORMS OF SLAG

OBJECTIVES

• The objective in this project work is, steel slag powder obtained from iron and steel

plant is used as a sand partial replacement material and limestone aggregate as

partial replacement for the coarse aggregate in concrete mix.

• Optimal dosage range of this steel slag powder and limestone aggregate is chosen

based on concrete mix studies .

• The ultimate focus of this work is to ascertain the performance of concrete mix

containing steel slag powder and limestone aggregate compare it with the plain

concrete mix of standard ratio.

OBJECTIVES CONTINUED

• The main objective of this project is to carry out the following experimental tests

on cement concrete:

1. Workability test

2. Compressive strength test

3. Flexural strength test

4. Split tensile strength test

SCOPE

• To partially replace cement concrete contents as it directly influences economy in

construction.

• Environmental friendly disposal of waste steel slag.

• To boost the use of industrial waste

• Non-hazardous and non-metallic waste of the Iron industry.

• Eco-friendly and useful for construction work.

• Helps to improve the properties of concrete like compressive strength, workability

etc.

• Low cost and easily available.

SCOPE CONTINUED

• Characterization of slag available from various steel manufacturing plants could be

done for the comparison of performances of concretes obtained with these slag.

• Study of environmental problems created by such wastes remaining without

recycling and proper utilization.

• Development of mathematical model based on various parameters to ascertain its

strength characteristics in respect of concrete.

METHODOLOGY

• Test Procedure and Results: Test specimens of size 150 × 150 × 150 mm are to be

prepared for testing the compressive strength concrete. The concrete mixes with

varying percentages of steel slag as partial replacement of fine aggregate (sand) and

limestone aggregate as partial replacement of coarse aggregate should be cast into

cubes for testing. In this study, to make concrete, cement and fine aggregate were first

mixed dry to uniform colour and then coarse aggregate was added and mixed with the

mixture of cement and fine aggregates. Water was then added and the whole mass

mixed. The interior surface of the moulds and the base plate were oiled before concrete

was placed. After 24 hours the specimens were removed from the moulds and placed

in clean fresh water at a temperature of 270 ± 20C. The specimens so cast were tested

after 7,14 and 28 days of curing measured from the time water is added to the dry mix.

METHODOLOGY CONTINUED

• For testing in compression. The load is applied axially without shock till the specimen is

crushed. Results of the compressive strength test on concrete with varying proportions of

steel slag replacement at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days are tabulated. The cube strength

results of concrete mix are determined.

• The experimental program was designed to study the mechanical properties of concrete

with partial replacement of fine aggregate by steel slag for required grade of concrete.

The compressive, tensile and flexural strength of the specimens after replacing the fine

aggregates by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% with steel slag is studied after 28 days of

curing. For the test specimens, 43 grade ordinary Portland cement, natural river sand and

coarse aggregate, steel slag from steel plants is being utilized and limestone aggregate

from the limestone quarries is also used as partial replacement for coarse aggregate.

METHODOLOGY CONTINUED

• The maximum size of the coarse aggregate was limited to 20mm. A sieve analysis

conforming to IS 383 –1970 was carried out for fine aggregate and for various

proportions of sand replacement by slag. The concrete cubes (150mm X 150mm X

150mm), concrete beams (100mm X100mm X 500mm) and concrete cylinders

(150mm X 300mm) for conventional as well as other mixes are casted.

• And the workability test, compressive strength test, flexural strength test, split

tensile strength test are to be carried out for concrete cubes with varying

percentages of steel slag and limestone aggregate replacements in concrete.

REFERRENCES

Application of Blast Furnace Slag Sand in Cement Concrete–A Case Study M.S. Rao1 and U. Bhandare2 1RMC Readymix, India. 2A Division of Prism Cement Ltd) #386, BCP Tower,9th Main, 7th Sector, H.S.R Layout, Bangalore, India.

2. Effect of blast furnace slag powder on compressive strength of concrete Atul Dubey, Dr. R. Chandak, Prof. R.K.Yadav

3. EVALUATION OF CONCRETE PROPERTIES USING GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG Mrs. Veena G. Pathan1, Mr. Vishal S. Ghutke2, Mr. Gulfam Pathan3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Priyadarshini College of Engg, India1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Priyadarshini College of Engg, India2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, J.L.Chaturvedi College of Engg, India3

REFERRENCES

4. FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF RC BEAMS WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENTS OF SLAG SAND WITH RIVER SAND AND FLY ASH WITH CEMENT

Hemanth v1, Dr. H.B.Balakrishna2 PG student, Bangalore Institute of Technology,Bangalore-04 Professor, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore-04

5. Replacement Of Natural Fine Aggregate With Granular Slag - A Waste Industrial By-Product In Cement Mortar Applications As An Alternative Construction Materials Mohammed Nadeem1, Dr. A. D. Pofale2

6. STUDY ON CONCRETE USING STEEL SLAG AS COARSE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT AND ECOSAND AS FINE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT

11. USE OF GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG AS FINE AGGREGATE IN CEMENT MORTAR

M C Nataraja1*, P G Dileep Kumar2, A S Manu1 and M C Sanjay1