PPT3_IT Infrastructure & Platforms

7/21/2019 PPT3_IT Infrastructure & Platforms

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3.2

OBJECTIVES

Define IT infrastructure and describe tecom!onents and le"els of IT infrastructure

Identif# and describe te sta$es of ITinfrastructure e"olution

Identif# and describe te tecnolo$# dri"ers of ITinfrastructure e"olution

%ana$ement Information S#stems%ana$ement Information S#stemsIT Infrastructure and PlatformsIT Infrastructure and Platforms


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3.3

OBJECTIVES &Continued'


(ssess contem!orar# com!uter ard)are!latform trends

(ssess contem!orar# soft)are !latform trends

E"aluate te callen$es of mana$in$ ITinfrastructure and mana$ement solutions


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IT I/(ST4CT4E

Definin$ IT Infrastructure


Includes ard)are5 soft)are5 and ser"ices

( set of !#sical de"ices and soft)are a!!licationstat are re6uired to o!erate te entire enter!rise

7our firm is lar$el# de!endent on its infrastructure fordeli"erin$ ser"ices to customers5 em!lo#ees5 and

su!!liers.

7ou can tin8 of infrastructure as di$ital !lumbin$5but its muc more tan tat9


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IT I/(ST4CT4E

Te Connection bet)een te irm5 IT Infrastructure5 andBusiness Ca!abilities


i$ure +:1


7/683.;

IT I/(ST4CT4E


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IT I/(ST4CT4E


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IT I/(ST4CT4E


Electronic accountin$ macine era> &1@3A1@A'

eneral:!ur!ose mainframe and minicom!uterera> &1@@ to !resent'

Personal com!uter era> &1@?1 to !resent'

Clientser"er era> &1@?3 to !resent'

Enter!rise internet com!utin$ era> &1@@2 to!resent'

E"olution of IT Infrastructure> 1@A2AA


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IT I/(ST4CT4E

Eras in IT Infrastructure E"olution


i$ure +:3


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IT I/(ST4CT4E

( %ultitiered ClientSer"er /et)or8 &/:tier'


i$ure +:*


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IT I/(ST4CT4E


%oores la) and micro!rocessin$ !o)er

Te la) of mass di$ital stora$e

%etcalfes la) and net)or8 economics

Declinin$ communications costs and te Internet

Standards and net)or8 effects

Tecnolo$# Dri"ers of Infrastructure E"olution


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IT I/(ST4CT4E

%oores


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IT I/(ST4CT4E

allin$ Cost of Ci!s


i$ure +:+


15/683.1

IT I/(ST4CT4E

Eam!les of /anotubes


i$ure +:;


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IT I/(ST4CT4E

Te Ca!acit# of ,ard Dis8 Dri"es ro)s E!onentiall#51@?A2AA*


i$ure +:?Source>Authors.


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IT I/(ST4CT4E

Te Cost of Storin$ Data Declines E!onentiall#51@A2AA*


i$ure +:@Source>Exponential Growth an Illusion?:

Response to Ilkka Tuomi, b Ra !ur"weil,!ur"weilAl.net, #eptember $%, $&&%. 'se(

with permission.


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IT I/(ST4CT4E

E!onential Declines in Internet Communications Costs


i$ure +:1ASource>Authors.


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Com!uter ,ard)are Platforms

O!eratin$ S#stem Platforms

Enter!rise Soft)are (!!lications

Data %ana$ement and Stora$e


I/(ST4CT4E CO%PO/E/TS

Se"en -e# Infrastructure Com!onents


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3.2A

/et)or8in$Telecommunications Platforms

Internet Platforms

Consultin$ and S#stem Inte$ration Ser"ices



Se"en -e# Infrastructure Com!onents &Continued'


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3.21

Te IT Infrastructure Ecos#stem



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3.22


Com!uter ,ard)are PlatformsCom!uter ,ard)are Platforms

F11A billion annuall# s!ent in te 4nited States

Dominance of Intel5 (%D5 and IB% 32:bit!rocessor ci!s at te client le"el

Ser"er mar8et increasin$l# dominated b#ine!ensi"e $eneric !rocessors from te samemanufacturers



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3.23


Stron$ ser"er mar8et $ro)t for +* bit $eneric

!rocessors from (%D5 Intel and IB%

Blade ser"ers re!lace bo ser"ers

%ainframes continue as a !resence )or8in$ as"er# lar$e ser"ers


Com!uter ,ard)are Platforms &Continued'


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O!eratin$ S#stem Platforms

F1AA billion annuall# s!ent in te 4nited States

Continued dominance of %icrosoft OS in teclient &@G' and andeld mar8et &*G'

ro)in$ dominance of


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3.2


Enter!rise Soft)are (!!lications

F1+ billion annuall# s!ent in te 4nited Statesfor basic enter!rise soft)are infrastructure

S(P5 Oracle5 Peo!leSoft &no) Oracle'5 and Siebeldominate tis mar8et.

%iddle)are firms li8e BE( and JD Ed)ards ser"esmaller firms5 and )or8 also in te 0eb ser"icess!ace.



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Te enter!rise mar8et is consolidatin$ around afe) u$e firms tat a"e $ained si$nificantmar8et sare suc as S(P and Oracle.

%icrosoft is e!andin$ into smaller firmenter!rise s#stems )ere it can build on its0indo)s ser"er:installed base.


Enter!rise Soft)are (!!lications&Continued'


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3.2;


Data %ana$ement and Stora$e

F;A billion annuall# s!ent in te 4nited States.

Oracle and IB% continue to dominate tedatabase soft)are mar8et.

%icrosoft &S< Ser"er' and S#base tend to ser"esmaller firms.

O!en source


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F3 billion annuall# s!ent in te 4nited States for

!#sical ard dis8 stora$e

Te ard dis8 mar8et is consolidatin$ around a

fe) u$e firms li8e E%C and smaller PC ard dis8

firms li8e Sea$ate5 %ator5 and 0estern Di$ital


Data %ana$ement and Stora$e &Continued'


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/et)or8in$Telecommunications Platforms

F1A billion annuall# s!ent on net)or8in$ andtelecommunications ard)are

F;AA billion annuall# s!ent on telecommunicationsser"ices5 e.$. !one and Internet connecti"it#


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3.3A


Enter!rise net)or8in$ almost entirel#


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Internet Platforms

F32 billion annuall# s!ent on Internet

infrastructure in te 4nited States

Internet ard)are ser"er mar8et concentrated in

Dell5 ,P5 and IB%

Prices fallin$ ra!idl# b# u! to AG in a sin$le #ear

for lo):!o)er ser"ers



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3.32


O!en:source (!ace remains te dominant 0eb

ser"er soft)are5 follo)ed b# %icrosofts IIS

ser"er.

Suns Ja"a $ro)s as te most )idel# used tool

for interacti"e 0eb a!!lications.

%icrosoft and Sun settle a lon$:standin$ la) suit

and a$ree to su!!ort a common Ja"a.


Internet Platforms &Continued'

% I f i S


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Consultin$ and S#stem Inte$ration Ser"ices

%ost firms toda#5 e"en lar$e firms5 cannot

de"elo! teir s#stems )itout si$nificant outside

el!.

F13A billion annuall# s!ent on com!uter s#stem

desi$n5 and related business ser"ices li8e

business !rocess redesi$n in te 4nited States

(bout ?G of business consultin$ in te 4nited

States in"ol"es IT business consultin$.


% I f i S% t I f ti S t


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Inte$ration ser"ices in"ol"es inte$ratin$ data5

and a!!lications in a firm.

Connectin$ ne) a!!lications and s#stems to

le$ac# s#stems

IB% as transformed itself into a s#stems

inte$ration firm )it IB% lobal Ser"ices5 te

lar$est s#stem inte$ration firm.


Consultin$ and S#stem Inte$ration Ser"ices &Continued'

% t I f ti S t% t I f ti S t


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3.3


Te Inte$ration of Com!utin$ and TelecommunicationsPlatforms

Increasin$l# com!utin$ ta8es !lace o"er te

net)or8.

Client le"el> inte$ration of cell !ones and PD(s&Eam!le> Palm Treo'

Tele"ision5 "ideo5 and radio mo"e to)ard di$ital!roduction.

CO/TE%PO(7 ,(D0(E P


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Ser"er le"el> Te inte$ration of "oice tele!one

and te Internet brin$ to$eter t)o istoricall#se!arate and distinct $lobal net)or8s.

Te net)or8 in man# res!ects is te source of

com!utin$ !o)er.

CO/TE%PO(7 ,(D0(E P


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3.3;


rid Com!utin$>

In"ol"es connectin$ $eo$ra!icall# remote

com!uters into a sin$le net)or8 ca!able of

)or8in$ in !arallel on business !roblems tatre6uire sort:term access to lar$e com!utational

ca!acit#

ater tan !urcase u$e mainframes or su!ercom!uters5 firms can cain to$eter tousands

of smaller des8to! clients into a sin$le

com!utin$ $rid.

CO/TE%PO(7 ,(D0(E P


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%ost com!uters in te )orld are loafin$5 and atni$t te# are slee!in$.

It is estimated tat from 2G : AG of tecom!utin$ !o)er in te 4nited States is unused.

rid com!utin$ sa"es infrastructure s!endin$5

increases s!eed of com!utin$5 and increases tea$ilit# of firms.

Eam!les> o#al DutcSell rou! and te/ational Di$ital %ammo$ra!# (rci"e

CO/TE%PO(7 ,(D0(E P


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On:Demand &4tilit#' Com!utin$>

irms off:loadin$ !ea8 demand for com!utin$

!o)er to remote5 lar$e:scale data !rocessin$

centers

De"elo!ed b# IB%5 S4/5 and ,P

irms !a# onl# for te com!utin$ !o)er te# use5as )it an electrical utilit#.

CO/TE%PO(7 ,(D0(E P


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3.*A


Ecellent for firms )it s!i8ed demand cur"es

caused b# seasonal "ariations in consumer

demand5 e.$. olida# so!!in$

Eam!le> ,arr# and Da"id use IB%s On:Demand

com!utin$

Sa"es firms from !urcasin$ ecessi"e le"els of

infrastructure

CO/TE%PO(7 ,(D0(E P


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(utonomic Com!utin$>

Com!uter s#stems &bot ard)are and soft)are'a"e become so com!le tat te cost of

mana$in$ tem as risen.

Tirt# to fift# !ercent of a com!an#s IT bud$et iss!ent !re"entin$ or reco"erin$ from s#stemcrases.

O!erator error is te most common cause ofcrases.

CO/TE%PO(7 ,(D0(E P


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(utonomic com!utin$ is an industr#:)ide effort

to de"elo! s#stems tat can>

Confi$ure5 o!timie5 and tune temsel"es ,eal temsel"es )en bro8en Protect temsel"es from outside intruders and

self:destruction

Eam!le> 0indo)s HP and %a H OSautomaticall# do)nload !atces and u!dates.

CO/TE%PO(7 ,(D0(E P


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Ed$e Com!utin$>

Ed$e com!utin$ is a multitier5 load:balancin$

sceme for 0eb:based a!!lications.

Processin$ load is distributed closer to te user

and andled b# lo)er:cost ser"ers.


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Increases ser"ice le"els

Pro"ides firm $reater fleibilit# in res!ondin$ toser"ice re6uests

Seasonal s!i8es in demand can be off:loaded to

oter ed$e ser"ers.

CO/TE%PO(7 ,(D0(E P &Continued'

%ana$ement Information S#stems%ana$ement Information S#stems


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3.*

Ed$e Com!utin$ Platform


i$ure +:12

CO/TE%PO(7 ,(D0(E P


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Te four ma=or temes in contem!orar# soft)are!latform e"olution>


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Te ise of


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Ja"a>

(n o!eratin$ s#stemLInde!endent5 !rocessor:inde!endent5 ob=ect:oriented !ro$rammin$lan$ua$e

(!!lications )ritten in Ja"a can run on an#ard)are for )ic a Ja"a "irtual macine asbeen defined.

Ja"a is embedded in PD(s5 cell !ones5 andbro)sers.

Ja"a is a leadin$ interacti"e !ro$rammin$

en"ironment for te 0eb.

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P


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Soft)are for Enter!rise Inte$ration>

One of te most im!ortant soft)are trends of te

last decade is te $ro)t of Menter!rise in a boN

or te !urcase of enter!rise:)ide soft)ares#stems b# firms.

ater tan build all teir o)n soft)are on a

custom basis5 lar$e firms increasin$l# !urcaseenter!rise a!!lications !re)ritten b# s!ecialied

soft)are firms li8e S(P5 Oracle5 Peo!leSoft5 and

oters.

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P


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3.1


Te $oal is to acie"e an inte$rated firm:)ide

information en"ironment5 reduce cost5 increase

reliabilit#5 and to ado!t business best !ractices

)ic are ca!tured b# te soft)are.

Enter!rise soft)are firms acie"e economies of scale

b# sellin$ te same soft)are to undreds of firms.

Toda#s enter!rise s#stems are ca!able of inte$ratin$

older le$ac# a!!lications )it ne)er

0eb:based a!!lications.

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P &Continued'



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3.2

Enter!rise (!!lication Inte$ration &E(I' Soft)are VersusTraditional Inte$ration


i$ure +:13

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P


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3.3


0eb Ser"ices and Ser"ice:Oriented (rcitecture0eb Ser"ices and Ser"ice:Oriented (rcitecture

0eb Ser"ices>

(n alternati"e to enter!rise s#stems is to use ne)

0eb:based standards to create a communication!latform allo)in$ older a!!lications to

communicate )it ne)er a!!lications.

0eb ser"ices refers to a set of loosel# cou!ledsoft)are com!onents tat ecan$e information

)it eac oter usin$ 0eb communication

standards and lan$ua$es.

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P


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3.*

%ana$ement Information S#stemsa a$e e t o at o S#ste sIT Infrastructure and PlatformsIT Infrastructure and Platforms

0eb ser"ices !ermit com!uter !ro$rams to

communicate )it one anoter and sare

information )itout re)ritin$ a!!lications5 or

disturbin$ older le$ac# s#stems.

0eb ser"ices are based on H%


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%ana$ement Information S#stems$ #IT Infrastructure and PlatformsIT Infrastructure and Platforms

Ser"ice:Oriented (rcitecture

SO( refers to te use of 0eb ser"ices in a firm toacie"e inte$ration amon$ dis!arate a!!lications

and !latforms.

( firm mi$t a"e a!!lications &!a#roll' runnin$

on older (S*AA IB% macines5 IB% mainframes

&customer data and in"entor#' and ne)er

a!!lications runnin$ on clientser"er net)or8s.

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P


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$ #$ #IT Infrastructure and PlatformsIT Infrastructure and Platforms

In SO(5 tese a!!lications are inte$rated so tat

information stored on "arious s#stems can be

brou$t to$eter and fed into ne)er a!!lications

runnin$ on more contem!orar# e6ui!ment.

SO( is $enerall# less e!ensi"e tan rebuildin$all te older a!!lications and ado!tin$ a ne)

enter!rise )ide s#stem.

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P


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3.;

,o) Dollar ent a Car 4ses 0eb Ser"ices


i$ure +:1*

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P


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Soft)are Outsourcin$Soft)are Outsourcin$

Toda# lar$e and small firms !urcase most ofteir soft)are from outside "endors.

Tree 8inds of outsourcin$>

Purcase of soft)are !ac8a$es

4sin$ a!!lication ser"ice !ro"iders

Custom outsourcin$

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P


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(!!lication Ser"ice Pro"iders>

( business tat deli"ers and mana$es

a!!lications and com!uter ser"ices from remote

com!uter centers to multi!le users usin$ teInternet or a !ri"ate net)or8

Enter!rise soft)are !ac8a$es> !re)ritten off:te:selfsoft)are

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P


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(!!lication Ser"ice Pro"iders>

ater tan !urcase ard)are and soft)are5 firms can

$o onto te Internet and find !ro"iders )o offer te

same functionalit# o"er te entertainment5 and car$e

on a !er:user or license basis.

Eam!le> Salesforce.com !ro"ides customer

relationsi! mana$ement and sales force mana$ement

ser"ices to firms

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P


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3.+1

$ #IT Infrastructure and PlatformsIT Infrastructure and Platforms

Soft)are Outsourcin$ of Custom (!!lications

( firm contracts custom soft)are de"elo!ment or

maintenance of eistin$ le$ac# !ro$rams to

outside firms5 often in lo):)a$e countries.

Eam!le> Do) Cemical ired IB% for F1.1 billion

to create an inte$rated communication s#stem for

A5AAA Do) em!lo#ees in +3 countries.

0# )ould Do) not build tis s#stem itself

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P


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3.+2

Can$in$ Sources of irm Soft)are

IT Infrastructure and PlatformsIT Infrastructure and Platforms

i$ure +:1

CO/TE%PO(7 SOT0(E P)EA *ational In+ome an( ro(u+tA++ounts, -orrester Resear+h, e+ember $&&%/

e0arketer In+., IT #pen(in1 $&&2,

www.emarketer.+om/ an( author estimates.

http://www.emarketer.com/http://www.emarketer.com/


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%(/(E%E/T OPPOT4/ITIES5 C,(


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Com!etiti"e orces %odel for IT Infrastructure

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E!eriment )it ne) tecnolo$ies on a smaller scale

before ta8in$ u! a lar$e:scale infrastructure !ro=ect.



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Total cost of o)nersi! of tecnolo$# assets>0en calculatin$ te costs of s#stems5 be sure toinclude all te costs>

,ard)are ac6uisition Soft)are ac6uisition Installation Trainin$

Su!!ort %aintenance Infrastructure re6uirements Do)ntime S!ace and ener$#


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PPT3_IT Infrastructure & Platforms