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IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 1
J.-L. Bézy, G. Bazalgette Courreges-Lacoste, P. Ingmann, J. Langen, B. Sierk, H. Stark, B. Veihelmann
Earth Observation Directorate
ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 and SENTINEL-5
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 2
OMI NO2 over Europe 2004-2005
KNMI/IASB/ESAImage by Pepijn Veefkind, KNMI
Outline
GMES Sentinels programme S4/S5 Mission objectives Sentinel-4 Sentinel-5 (p) Programmatic status
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 3
GMES Components
GMES is an EU led initiative
Services Component – led by EC• Produces information services in response to European policy priorities in environment and security• Relies on data from in-situ and space component
In-situ component – led by EEA• Observations mostly within national responsibility, with coordination at European level
Space Component – led by ESA• Sentinels - EO missions developed specifically for GMES:• Contributing Missions - EO missions built for purposes other than GMES but offering part of their capacity to GMES (EU/ESA MSs, EUMETSAT, commercial, international)
GMES is a perfect example of a system of systems
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 4
GMES dedicated missions: Sentinels
2013 A / 2015 B
Sentinel 1 – SAR imagingAll weather, day/night applications, interferometry
2013 A / 2017 B
Sentinel 3 – Ocean and global land monitoringWide-swath ocean color, vegetation, sea/land surface temperature, altimetry
2018+
Sentinel 4 – Geostationary atmosphericAtmospheric composition monitoring – flown on MTG
2013 A / 2016 B
Sentinel 2 – Multi-spectral imagingLand applications: urban, forest, agriculture,.. Continuity of Landsat, SPOT
2018+
Sentinel 5 – Low-orbit atmosphericAtmospheric composition monitoring – flown on MetOp-SG(S5 Precursor launch in 2014)
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 5
Environmental issues of changing atmospheric composition
Climate Change and the Greenhouse Effect
Nutrification of coastal waters and freshwater lakes;
eutrophication
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and enhanced surface UV
Acid Rain
Los Angeles Smog or "summer" smog London Smog
Aerosols in and downwind of regions of high population
Enhanced aerosol and photo-oxidant levels due to biomass burning
Increase in background tropospheric ozone
Intercontinental transport of pollutants and aerosols
Stability of the Atmospheric Oxidation Efficiency Information services needed for
- Monitoring- Forecasting- Assessment- Mitigation
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 6
Air pollution and its effect on human health
Source: EU programme CAFE, CAFE Scenario Analysis Report Nr. 2. (Amann et al., 2004)
Loss in life expectancy in months attributable to anthropogenic PM2.5 [months]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Aus
tria
Bel
gium
Cze
ch R
ep.
Den
mar
k
Est
onia
Fin
land
Fra
nce
Ger
man
y
Gre
ece
Hun
gary
Irel
and
Italy
Latv
ia
Lith
uani
a
Luxe
mbo
urg
Mal
ta
Net
herla
nds
Pol
and
Por
tuga
l
Slo
vaki
a
Slo
veni
a
Spa
in
Sw
eden UK
Tot
al E
U-1
5
Tot
al N
MS
Tot
al E
U-2
5
2000 CLE 2020 MFR 2020
“Air pollution is a major environmental risk to health and is estimated to cause approximately 2 million premature deaths worldwide per year.”
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 7
The Current Capabilities
Research missionsSCIAMACHY (Envisat) – OMI (Aura), Scisat, Mopitt (Terra), Gosat
Operational missionsGOME-2, IASI (MetOp), OMPS, CRIS (JPSS)
High temporal and spatial resolution (more cloud free-views) space-based measurements of tropospheric (PBL) composition for application to air quality
High spatial/high precision monitoring of climate gases (CO2, CH4 and CO) and aerosol monitoring with sensitivity to the PBL
High vertical resolution measurements in the UT/LS region for ozone and climate applications
Main gaps in current / planned operational system
GOME-2
SCIAMACHYOMI
S4/S5
80 km
7 km
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 8
Mission Implementation
• Sentinel 4 will be a realised aso a UVN spectrometer embarked on the MTG-S platformso utilisation of TIR data from the IR sounder onboard the same platforms o utilisation of imager data from the MTG-I platforms
• Sentinel 5 will consist of o A UVNS spectrometer embarked on the post-EPS platforms o utilisation of data from the post-EPS IR sounder (IASI NG)o utilisation of post-EPS imager data (METimage)o utilisation of multi-directional polarisation imager if implemented
Mission concept for climate protocol monitoring (lower troposphere) and air quality applications
Implementation of S-4 and S-5 on Eumetsat platforms
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 9
Level 2 Products
SWIRVIS NIRUVOzone vertical profile (O3)
Tropospheric ozone (O3)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Albedo
Total ozone (O3)
Aerosol
Formaldehyde (HCHO)
Bromine monoxide (BrO)
Rayleigh scat. (cloud), aerosol abs.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Glyoxal (CHOCHO)
O2-O2 (cloud)
Water vapour and cloud (eff. scatt. height)
O-A (cloud, aerosol)
Methane (CH4)
Aerosol profile
Carbone monoxide (CO)
Sentinel-4
1600400 600 800500 700 1800 2000 2200300200 2400
Sentinel-5
Wavelength (nm) Priority A Priority B
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 10
Level 2 Products
SCIAMACHY
PARASOLOMI
MOPPIT SCIAMACHY
Source: ONTRAQ study. (P. Levelt 2009)
Concentration maps for Asia
Air quality and tropospheric composition ona global, regional and urban scale
Courtesy: J.P. Veefkind (KNMI)
Courtesy: H. Eskes, KNMI
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 11
The Instrument Challenge
DOAS analysis of satellite spectra
Irradiance and Radiance Measurement Derived Reflectance
Note how small the NO2 features are, about 0.5% signal strength of the total signal
Contributors to these Spectral Features are: polarisation scrambler, coatings, gratings, sun diffuser, straylight, gain change, …
< 0.05 %!
3 nm
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 12
Sentinel-4: GEO atmospheric mission
Europe coverage in 1 hr
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 13
S4 Images Acquisition
Only illuminated areas are acquired (SZAmax=92°)
24 daily acquisitions
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 14
S4 Requirements
Spatial resolution: 8 km at 45°N Coverage: Europe + Sahara Repeat Cycle: 1 hr Low sensitivity to polarisation (1%) Low level of spectral features (0.05%) High radiometric accuracy: < 3%
Spectral bands
Band ID
Wavelength range [nm]
Spectral resolution [nm]
Spectral sampling ratio
UV-VIS 305 - 500 0.5 3
NIR 750 - 775 0.12 3
VIS NIRUV
400 600 800500 700300
Wavelength (nm)
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 15
S4 Instrument Overview
Ground
swath
Satellite motion
Telescope
Slit
Collimator
Dispersing element
Re-imaging lens
2D array detector
x
λ
Spectral radiance
λ
Imaging Spectrometer
Pushbroom in E/W direction
N/S FOV: 3.85°
E/W FOR: 11.2°
2 grating spectrometers
UV-VIS: 305 – 500 nm
NIR: 750 – 775 nm
CCD detectors cooled at 210 K
Scan mirror: E/W scan
N/S: - compensation of MTG yaw flip manoeuvre around equinox
- seasonal shift in latitude (up to 10 deg)
High performance on board calibration sources (diffusers, lamp, LED)
Geostationary orbit, at about 0° longitude
Embarked on MTG-Sounder Satellite and operated by EUMETSAT
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 16
S4 Instrument Overview
Earth
On axis refractive telescope (Ø 80 mm)
2-axis-gimbal mirror
Calibration assembly
UV-VIS SpectrographNIR
Spectrograph
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 17
Sentinel-5 Requirements
Spectral bands
Spatial resolution: 15 km in UV1 – 7 km in other bands Daily global coverage Low sensitivity to polarisation (0.5%) Low level of spectral features (0.05%) High radiometric accuracy: < 2%
Band ID
Spectral range(nm)
Spectral resolution
(nm)
Spectralsampling
Ratio
UV-1 270-300 1 ≈ 3
UV-2 300-350 0.5 ≈ 3
UV-VIS 350-500 0.5 ≈ 3
NIR-1 710-750 0.4 ≈ 3
NIR-2 750-7750.4 (T) – 0.06 (G)
≈ 3
SWIR-1 1590-1675 0.25 ≈ 2.5
SWIR-3 2305-2385 0.25 ≈ 2.5
SWIRVIS NIRUV
400 600 800500 700300200 1600 1800 2000 2400Wavelength (nm)
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 18
S5 instrument overview
Imaging grating Spectrometer
Pushbroom in along track direction
Wide swath: 2,650 km (FOV: 108.4°)
Up to 6 grating spectrometers (4 UVN – 2 SWIR)
Immersed gratings used for SWIR-1/3
High performance on board calibration sources
sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit platform at 832 km mean altitude
Sentinel-5 embarked on post-EPS, operated by EUMETSAT
Swath ~ 2650 km
FOV108 deg
Courtesy of SRON
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 19
The need for a Sentinel-5 Precursor
The need for a Sentinel-5 Precursor1. Continuity of dataResearch missions (here Sciamachy, OMI, TES, Mopitt) stop ≤ 2014.
Sentinel-5 on post-EPS not before ~2018.
MetOp data do not satisfy S5 requirements:
• CO and CH4:
No measurement by GOME-2; IASI data have little PBL sensitivity.
• Coarse spatial resolution
2. Transition to operational scheme• Afternoon orbit required for AQ forecast (MetOp: 9:30h).• Use synergy S5 precursor – MetOp to start into observation of diurnal
variation, as needed for AQ monitoring. (Will be picked up by S4 later).
Sentinel 5p will be a realised as a single-satellite atmospheric chemistry mission carrying a UVNS spectrometer, aiming at providing a gap-filler, within the 2014-2020 timeframe
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 20
Programmatics
Sentinel 4
Contract awarded to Astrium GmbH for €150 million to develop and build two instruments
Sentinel 5 precursor
Feasibility studies of the platform on-going; development phase planned for end 2011
Payload is developed by NSO (TROPOMI) with ESA contributions (SWIR, …)
Sentinel 5
Feasibility studies on-going; development phase planned for 2013
302520151005 35 40
MetOp A, B, C (09:30 LTDN)
MetOp-SG (09:30 LTDN) , incl. S5/UVNS
ENVISAT (10:00 LTDN)
S5p (13:35 LTAN)
MTG-I 1MTG-I 2
MTG-I 3MTG-I 4
MTG-S 2, incl. S4/UVNMTG-S 1, incl. S4/UVN
GEO
LEO
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 21
Air pollution is a significant cause of health problems and environment damages worldwide
Sentinel-4 and -5 will monitor the Earth's atmosphere as part of the Europe Union's Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme
Mission will be embarked on MTG-S and MetOp-SG satellites for a launch in 2018+ and will be operated by EUMETSAT
Summary
IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, 24-29 July 2011 ESA’s GMES SENTINEL-4 AND -5 | J.-L. Bézy Slide 22 KNMI/IASB/ESAwww.temis.nl
Thank you