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Practical PathologyInflammation
Dr : Hala El-sayed Mahmoud
Lecturer of pathology
• DEFINITION:• Inflammation is the reaction of vascularized
living tissue to local injury. It is a series of vascular and cellular reactions aiming to protect the body against the injurious agent .
• TYPES:• -Acute: sudden onset and short duration ( hours -
days) • -Chronic: gradual onset and long duration ( days -
years)
INFLAMMATION
ACUTE INFLAMMATION
• Caused by an irritant of short duration of action
• The tissue response is rapid i.e. sudden onset
• Inflammation lasts for days or weeks• Characterized by presence of fluid
exudate and cellular exudate mainly polymorph-nuclear leucocytes
• REDNESSREDNESS• HOTNESSHOTNESS• SWELLINGSWELLING• PAINPAIN• LOSS OF LOSS OF
FUNCTIONFUNCTION
CARDINAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CARDINAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATIONACUTE INFLAMMATION
TYPES OF ACUTE INFLAMMATIONTYPES OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION
SUPPURATIVESUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATIONINFLAMMATION
NON-SUPPURATIVENON-SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATIONINFLAMMATION
Types:Types:
I- SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATIONI- SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATION
I-Localized Supp. Inflamm.
Abscess, furuncle,
carbuncle
II- Diffuse Supp. Inflamm.
Cellulitis, Suppurative appendicitis, Suppurative cholecystitis, Suppurative peritonitis, Suppurative meningitis
…etc.
I- LOCALIZED SUPPURATIVE I- LOCALIZED SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATIONINFLAMMATION
carbunclecarbunclefurunclefuruncle
AbscessAbscess
AbscessAbscess
II- DIFFUSE SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATIONII- DIFFUSE SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATION
Acute supp. appendicitisDiffuse sup.cholecystitis
Suppurative meningitis
Cellulitis
Cellulitis
• Catarrhal inflammation: Catarrhal inflammation: e.g.common colde.g.common cold
• Pseudo-membranous inflam.: Pseudo-membranous inflam.: e.g.diphtheriae.g.diphtheria
• Fibrinous inflammation: e.g. Fibrinous inflammation: e.g. fibrinous fibrinous pericarditis, fibrinous pleurisy, fibrinous peritonitis.pericarditis, fibrinous pleurisy, fibrinous peritonitis.
• Serous inflammation: Serous inflammation: e.g. burnse.g. burns
• Haemorrhagic inflammationHaemorrhagic inflammation
• Gangrenous (necrotizing) inflammationGangrenous (necrotizing) inflammation
• Allergic inflammationAllergic inflammation
NON-SUPPURATIVE NON-SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATIONINFLAMMATION
NON-SUPPURATIVE NON-SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATIONINFLAMMATION
Fibrinous pleurisy Fibrinous pericarditis
Fibrinous peritonitisHaemorhagic pericarditis.
Gangrenous inflammation
Fibrinous pericarditis
Gross PathologyLesson2
• Acute lung abscess
• Acute brain abscess.
• Chronic lung abscess
• Acute suppurative meningitis
• Fibrinous pericarditis.
• Healed serofibrinous inflammation
Section in the lung shows an irregulr abscess cavity (3x2 cm). The lining is yellowish and necrotic.
Diagnosis:
Acute lung abscess
Section in the brain shows an irregulr abscess cavity (2x2 cm). The lining is yellowish and necrotic. The floor is perforated. The surrounding brain tissue shows hemorrhagic spots.
Diagnosis:
Acute brain abscess
Adult brain showed diffuse yellowish suppurative exudate covering the meninges mainly at the base
Diagnosis:Diffuse suppurative meningitis
Swollen appendix with congested blood vessels and covered by diffuse yellowish suppurative exudate
Diagnosis:
Acute suppurative appendicitis
A closed adult heart. The visceral pericardium shows yellowish reticulated fibrin threads (having bread & butter appearance) .
The surface of the heart is pale brown and opaque.
Diagnosis:
Fibrinous pericarditis
Lung specimen shows opaque whitish pleura with irregular surface.
Diagnosis:
Healed serofibrinous pleurisy
(Pleural adhesions)
Histopathology Slides for
1. Acute suppurative appendicitis
Acute supp appendicitis
Transverse section in the appendix shows:
•The mucosal cells are partially shedded.
•The mucosa, submucosa, muscles layers and serosa show dilated congested capillaries, inflammatory oedema and infiltrated with excess polymorphs, pus cells and few macrophages.
•The lumen contains necrotis mucosal cells, fibrin, polymorphs and pus cells.
Diagnosis:
Acute diffuse suppurative appendicitis