Prague Presentation

David Carr. Prague. 21st May 2003

Fighting the Internal Battle:

HMI considerations to support teamworking with the Type 45 Destroyer’s Platform Management System

David CarrBAE SYSTEMS Human Factors Consultancy Group

Iain MacLeod and Lt. Cdr. Mike CoxBAE SYSTEMS Type 45 Project


The Royal Navy’s Type 45 Destroyer

What is a “Platform Management System” ?


PMS Functions

• Provides control and surveillance of shipboard machinery for:

• Propulsion and steering

• Power and cooling to weapons

• “Hotel” services (lighting, air conditioning, fresh water, sewage, etc)

• Damage Control systems

•Firefighting water; CO2 and Foam

•Integrity (Ventilation; Flood control)

•Incident and Casualty management

• Supports “The Internal Battle”


The Internal Battle


Current ship technology

• Hardwired from equipment to control rooms

• Limited automation: still many manual operations

• Controlled from one central location

• Voice communications to other “outstations”

Control Room


The Conventional Ship Control Centre

• Layout dictated by bulky, hardwired panels

• Operator roles fixed by where people stand and what they can reach

• Operators face the panels!

Difficult to work as a team.


Emerging Technology

• Software based

• More automation and more signals

• LAN distribution throughout the ship

• High levels of redundancy and flexibility

How can we use the technology to improve effectiveness for the Internal Battle?

• How to arrange the operators’ equipment?

• How to organise the operators?


The Old Way


Mission Control


The Glass Wall (of death)


Design by Radio Shack


The Team

?


Star Trek

?


The Beehive

?


Remote Teams?


Where to start?

Equip the man, don’t man the Equip the man, don’t man the equipment.equipment.

US Marine Corps

Design to support the Internal Battle Team


The User-Centred Approach

Identify operational

Need

Identify operational

Need

Context of use

Context of use

User Evaluation

User Evaluation

User-centred solutions

User-centred solutions

User Requirements

User Requirements

System meets

operational needs

System meets

operational needs

ISO 13407 standard approach to user-centred design

– Multi-discpline team – User Involvement – Iterative, prototyping

approach– Explicit allocation of

functions


Design Issues to support teamworking

HCI Software

Console

Operator

Team

Ship

Compartment

Layout

Control Locations


Design Interactions


Type 45 Team Design

WeaponsManagement Centre

Ship Control Centre

ANBCDOANBCDO

PMPM

DCODCO

SMSM

PropulsionSupervisor

PropulsionSupervisor

WMWM

WRMWRM

WSMWSM

PictureCompiler

PictureCompiler

Operations Room

Command

Command Advisor

Assistant

XO(Roving)

XO(Roving)

ZoneControlPosts(1-4)

i/c

ZCP Op

Fire and Flood Repair Parties




Mobile Machinery Repair Party

Weapons Repair Personnel

Medical HQMedical HQ

First Aid Parties

First Aid Parties

First Aid Parties

First Aid Parties


WTB158

WTB107

WTB69

Zone 1Zone 2Zone 3Zone 4

PMS Operating Positions 137

PMS Operating Points


• Multi-function 2-screen displays• Ergonomically optimised• “See over” by 5th percentile RN personnel

promotes teamworking• Incorporates stowage for lifejacket and BA

SCC Operator’s Console


The Type 45 ‘Teamworking’ concept

•Consoles bring the functionality to the operators.

•Flexible software allows functions to be allocated to meet changing operational demands.

•Layout allows eye contact and verbal communication between team members


Ship Control Centre


Zone Control Post


Conclusions

•Team HCI is more than individual screens

•The “whole system” has to be designed - including the team itself

•The user-centred approach considers allocation of function:

– Software vs Humans– Between team members– Between locations

Documents

Prague Presentation