Pre-Columbian Pre-Columbian Civilizations and Civilizations and

European SettlementEuropean Settlement

Unit IAUnit IA

AP U.S. HistoryAP U.S. History

Bering Sea Land Bridge Bering Sea Land Bridge MigrationMigration

Native Culture and LifestyleNative Culture and Lifestyle► Nomadic OR SedentaryNomadic OR Sedentary► Gender RolesGender Roles

Women shared in labor except Women shared in labor except huntinghunting

► AnimismAnimism

► Eastern Woodlands Hunting and Agriculture (fur,

corn, beans, squash) Hopewell Iroquois

► Mohawks, Oneidas, Onodagas, Cayugas, Senecas

Algonquian► Mississippian

Hunting and Agriculture► Great Plains

Hunting (buffalo) Sioux

► Southwest Agriculture (corn) Anasazi/Pueblo Stone and adobe structures

Pacific Northwest Hunting and fishing (salmon) Cedar forests

Totem polesCahokia, c. 1100 CE

Great Serpent Mount - Ohio Great Plains native lifestyle

Cliff Palace – Colorado

Kincaid - Illinois

Totem poles – Pacific Northwest

Europe Before ExplorationEurope Before Exploration► RenaissanceRenaissance

Technological innovationsTechnological innovations► Growth of Nation-StatesGrowth of Nation-States

England, France, Spain, England, France, Spain, Portugal, HollandPortugal, Holland

► Protestant Reformation & Protestant Reformation & Religious WarsReligious Wars LutheranismLutheranism CalvinismCalvinism

►PredestinationPredestination Church of England aka Church of England aka

Anglican ChurchAnglican Church Catholic Counter Catholic Counter

ReformationReformation

European Colonization► Reasons

God Glory Gold

► Spain Christopher

Columbus (1492)► https://www.youtube.com/w

atch?v=Nf6G22Myoe4

Vasco Nunez de Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1513)Balboa (1513)

Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan (1519-1522)(1519-1522)

Hernan Cortes (1519-Hernan Cortes (1519-1521)1521)

Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro (1531)(1531)

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

European Colonization

►FranceGiovanni Verrazano (1524)

Jacques Cartier (1534)

Samuel de Champlain (1608)

European Colonization►Dutch

Henry Hudson (1609)

►England John Cabot

(1497) Sir Walter

Raleigh (1585-1587)

Charter Colonies, Proprietary Colonies, Royal Colonies

European ColoniesEuropean Colonies

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

Natives and EuropeansNatives and EuropeansAnalyze the European point of view of Natives.

The Spanish in AmericaThe Spanish in America

► Royal ColoniesRoyal Colonies ViceroysViceroys

► Relations with NativesRelations with Natives Catholic Conversion Catholic Conversion

and Missionsand Missions Pueblo Revolt (1680)Pueblo Revolt (1680)

► LaborLabor Encomienda SystemEncomienda System Asiento SystemAsiento System

► Spanish Caste SystemSpanish Caste System

The Spanish in AmericaThe Spanish in AmericaThe Vallodilid Controversy (1550-The Vallodilid Controversy (1550-

1551)1551)► Juan Gines de SepulvedaJuan Gines de Sepulveda

Concerning the Just Cause of the War Against the Concerning the Just Cause of the War Against the Indians Indians (1547)(1547)

““Those whose condition is such that their function is Those whose condition is such that their function is the use of their bodies and nothing better can be the use of their bodies and nothing better can be expected of them, those, I say, are slaves of nature. It expected of them, those, I say, are slaves of nature. It is better for them to be ruled thus.is better for them to be ruled thus.””

► Bartoleme de las CasasBartoleme de las Casas The New Laws The New Laws (1542)(1542) A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (1552)(1552) ““The Indians are our brothers, and Christ has given his

life for them. Why, then, do we persecute them with such inhuman savagery?... They will embrace the teaching of the Gospel, as well I know, for they are not stupid or barbarous but have a native sincerity and are simple, moderate, and meek.... Once they have embraced it, it is marvelous with what piety, eagerness, faith, and charity they obey Christ's precepts and venerate the sacraments. For they are docile and clever, and in their diligence and gifts of nature, they excel most peoples of the known world.””

The French in AmericaThe French in America►Royal ColoniesRoyal Colonies► Jesuits and Catholic Jesuits and Catholic

ConversionConversion►Fur TradeFur Trade

Coureurs de Bois Coureurs de Bois (runner of the (runner of the woods)woods)

►Native RelationsNative Relations Trade NetworksTrade Networks AlliancesAlliances IntermarriageIntermarriage

The English in AmericaThe English in America► Charters and Joint-Charters and Joint-

Stock CompaniesStock Companies► Population GrowthPopulation Growth

Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants

► Native RelationsNative Relations Early Native AssistanceEarly Native Assistance Animosity and Animosity and

ExclusionExclusion►Anglo-Powhatan WarsAnglo-Powhatan Wars►Pequot Wars (1636-Pequot Wars (1636-

1638)1638)►King Philip’s War (1675-King Philip’s War (1675-

1678)1678)

Smallpox and NativesSmallpox and Nativesc. 1575-1580

SmallpoxSmallpox

HIPPO AnalysisHIPPO Analysis

Image Source: Public Domain, Library of Congress, First landing of Columbus on the shores of the New WoImage Source: Public Domain, Library of Congress, First landing of Columbus on the shores of the New World, at San Salvador, W.I., Oct. 12th 1492, Dióscoro Teófilo Puebla Tolín