PRE-ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

STONEHENGE

It is a prehistoric stone monument situated about 13 km north of Salisbury.

Stonehenge that we see today is the final stage that was completed about 3500

years ago.

The monument is made up of a number of structural elements, mostly circular

in plan.

Archaeological surveys suggested three main periods of building:Stonehenge I,II

and III.

STONEHENGE I

Here more than 5000 years ago, a Neolithic people dug a circular ditch within the circle they built a high stone bank with an inner circle

consisting of holes.

STONEHENGE II

During Stonehenge II, about 2100 BC, the whole site was rebuilt in a different form.

STONEHENGE III

The last phase, known as Stonehenge III (from 2000 to about 1500 BC)

TRILITHONS

The last phase saw the erection of a first ring to sandstone units with lintels, within which was built a horseshoe formation of five trilithons ,consisting of a pair of large stone uprights supporting a stone lintel.

Sandstone blocks are 9 m long and 50 tons in weight.

LONDINIUM

London origins from the roman period and the first bridge was built under the Roman Empire (50 a.c)

BEAUTIES OF BATH

In Roman Time bath was the centre of fashion, luxury and leisure.

Today it is one of the world’s great cities.

Healthy mineral water and hot springs.

The Bath festival.

One of  the most important heritages

sites in England is the hadrian's wall.

Hadrian's wall was built in Norther England

between 122 and 127 AD by the Roman emperor Hadrian.

TOWN PLANNING

Urban design.

Urban design teory.

Private spaces are part of urban theory.

As agriculture replaced a nomadic existence, permanent human settlement

began to appear. These early cities become centre for trade, defense and

politics.

The ancient Ur is perhaps the earliest example of

deliberately planned and managed cities in history.

The street of these early cities were

often paved and laid out at right angles in

a grid pattern.