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3,500 3,400 3,300 3,200 3,100 3,000 2,900 2,800 2,700 2,600 2,500 2,400 2,300 2,200 2,100 2,000 1,900 1,800 1,700 1,600 1,500 1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 1,000 900 800 700 600 500
Proterozoic Eon
Era
Period
Paleoproterozoic
Siderian Rhyacian Orosirian Statherian Calymmian
Great Lakes Tectonic Rupture I
East Bull Lake Magma Suite (ON)
Huronian Volcanics
Baxter Hollow Granite Intrusion (SC WI)
Baraboo sands deposited Post Baraboo formations deposited (SC WI)
Southern Minnesota-Wisconsin Crustal Collapse
Penokean Orogeny
Wolf River Hydrothermal Event (SC-C WI)
Baraboo/Sioux Interval (Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota)
Mesoproterozoic Neoproterozoic
Grenville Orogeny
Free Oxygen begins to accumulate in the atmosphere
Oxygen Levels reach 21%
Montello Granite Intrusion (NC WI)
Wolf River Intrusion (C WI)
Pre-Quinnesec Formations deposited (NE WI)
Algoman/Kenoran Orogeny
Archean
Neoarchean
Oxygen Levels reach 5%
Marinoan
Sturtian
Gaskiers
Oxygen Levels reach 1%
Quinnesec Formation Intrusions (NE WI)
Northeastern Wisconsin Pre-Dunbar Gneiss Basement ?
Mesoarchean Ectasian Stenian Tonian Cryogenian Ediacaran
Oronto Group (N WI, UP MI)
Precambrian Geologic Events in the Mid-Continent of North America
Kiagas
(Unnam
ed)
Huronian
(Unnam
ed)
(Unnamed)
Sudbury Impact Event
Keewatin Series Volcanics (Sudbury, ON area)
Gow
gand
a Fo
rmat
ion
Fern Creek Formation
Mazatzal Orogeny Trans-Hudson Orogeny
Vaalbara Protocontinent
Ur Protocontinent
Kenorland Supercontinent
Columbia (Nuna) Supercontinent
Rodinia Supercontinent
Pannotia (Vendia)
Supercontinent
= Shallow Igneous
= Deep Igneous
= Rift or Caldera
= Hydrothermal Event
= Sedimentary
= Baraboo Sedimentary
= Baraboo and Related Metamorphism
= Unsure Time-span (all colors)
= Basin Formation
= Mountain Building Event
= Meteor Impact
= Glacial Event
LEGEND
= Sedimentary
Quinnesec Formation Metamorphism (NE WI)
= Metamorphism (all colors)
Matachewan Diabase (Algoma, ON)
Arctica Laurentia Laurentia Laurentia Laurentia Arctica (Pre-Laurentia)
= Known Supercontinents
= Accretion of Supercontinents
= Break-up of Supercontinents
= Large Continents within or independent of Supercontinents
Sudbury Dike Swarm (SE ON)
Cutler Granite Intrusion (ON)
Slate Islands Impact Event ?
Yavapai Orogeny
G-012011-1E Compiled by: Steven D.J. Baumann, Alexandra B. Cory, Micaela M. Krol, Elisa J. Piispa
Jubilee Stock (Wawa ON)
Michipicoten Greenstone Belt (Wawa ON)
Sibley Group Sediments (Sibley Basin, Thunder Bay Area, ON)
Rove Formation
Nopeming Sandstone (NE MN)
Portage Lake Volcanics (UP MI & NW WI)
Clastic and chemical Sediments in Beardmore-Geraldton Belt (Lake Nipigon ON)
Erosion dominant throughout the Midwest
Erosion dominant throughout the Midwest Erosion dominant
throughout the Midwest
Copper Harbor Conglomerate (Century Mine, Upper Peninsula MI) 1 inch
Baraboo Quartzite (North Limb, Rock Springs, WI)
0.5 inches
Jacobsville Sandstone (Root River, Sault Ste. Marie, ON)
2 inches
Lorraine Quartzite, Huronian Supergroup
(Route 17, Echo Bay, ON)
3 inches Gowganda Argillite, Huronian Supergroup (Route 638, Leeburn, ON)
3 inches
Baraboo Rhyolites (SC WI)
Lake Superior and Mid-Continent Rifting
Animikie Interval (South Central Michigan to Thunder Bay Ontario)
Kekabeka Quartzite
Mesabi Range and Emily District
Mille Lacs Group
Hatfield Gneiss (WC WI)
Basal Sioux Rhyolites
Amberg Gray Granite (NE WI)
Marshfield Archean Gneiss (C WI) Linwood Archean Migmatite (C WI)
N = North S = South W = West E = East C = Central
Biwabik Iron Formation
Eastern Gogebic Iron Range
Tyler Formation
Palms Formation
Marquette Iron Range Michigammee Formation G
oodr
ich
Qua
rtzi
te
Negaunee Iron Formation
Michigam
mee
Black Slate M
ember
Non
esuc
h Fo
rmat
ion
Copp
er H
arbo
r Co
nglo
mer
ate
= Regional Compression
Mid-Continent Rift Compression
Bradbury Creek Granodiorite (EC MN)
Waterloo and related Quartzites (EC WI)
Modern Plate Tectonics Transition to Modern Plate Tectonics Pre-modern Plate Tectonics
3,600 3,700 3,800
Bessemer Quartzite (UP MI & NW WI)
Randville Dolostone
Wewe Formation Mes
nard
Qua
rtzi
te
Sturgeon Quartzite
Felch Formation Menominee Range
Vulcan Iron Formation
Michigamme Slate
Chocolay Group
Baraga Group
Baraga Group
Men
omin
ee
Gro
up
Baraga & Dead River Basins
Unnam
ed Iron-Chert Carbonate
Kona
/Sau
nder
s Fo
rmat
ion
Denham Formation Gle
n To
wns
hip
Form
atio
n
Litt
le F
alls
For
mat
ion
Trout Lake Formation Cuyuna Range Mah
nom
en
Form
atio
n
Huronian Interval (Minnesota & Michigan)
Erosion dominant throughout the
Midwest
Updated March 2013
Montevideo Gneiss (SW MN) Gray granodioritic phase Red granite phase Montevideo Gneiss (SW MN) High-grade metamorphism
Biotite gneiss and amphibolite Migmatic granite and pegmatite Sacred Heart Granite Morton-Sacred Heart Granitic Terrain (SW MN) Morton-Sacred Heart Granitic Terrain (SW MN)
McGrath Gneiss Metamorphic and cataclastic event McGrath Complex (EC MN)
Watersmeet amphibolite-gneiss leucogranite intrusions Watersmeet amphibolite-gneiss (second metamorphic event) Watersmeet initial metamorphic event ?
Watersmeet tonalite (emplacement) Watersmeet gneiss (W UP) Watersmeet gneiss (W UP)
No known sedimentary rocks in the Midwest
Paleoarchean Eoarchean
Lorrain Formation G
ordo
n La
ke F
orm
atio
n
Bar
Riv
er F
orm
atio
n
Qu
irke
Lak
e G
rou
p
Hough Lake Group
Elliot Lake Group
Huronian Supergroup
Southern Ontario-Michisota Crustal Collapse
North Shore Volcanics (EC NE MN, S ON)
Powder Mill Group (UP MI)
Lake Superior Interval (MN, WI, UP MI, ON)
Great Lakes Tectonic Compression I Great Lakes Tectonic Compression II
Great Lakes Tectonic Rupture II
Seel
y Sl
ate
Free
dom
For
mat
ion
Dak
e Q
uart
zite
Row
ley
Cree
k Sl
ate
Sioux Quartzite (SW MN, SE-SC SD, NW IA, NE NB)
Stettin & Wausau Syenite Complexes (C WI)
Ninemile Granite (C WI)
Metamorphism of Baraboo, Souix, & Waterloo Quartzites (SC EC WI)
Nippissing Intrusions
Cobalt Group
Lakeshore Traps (1,087.2mya) Michipicoten Island Intrusion (1,086mya)
Bayfield Group (N WI, UP MI)
Jacobsville Formation (ON, UP MI)
Breadtray and Butler Hill Granite (SE MO)
Roy
al G
orge
Rhy
olite
(SE
MO
)
Munger Granite Porphyry (SE MO)
Silvermine Granite (SE MO)
Hawn Park Foliated Granodiorite (SE MO)
Prec
ambr
ian
Stra
mat
oliti
c Ca
rbon
ates
(SE
MO
)
Tuffac
eous
BIF
(SE
MO
)
Ketcherside Tuff (SE MO)
= Ash Flows
Western St. Francois Mtn. Volcanics (SE MO)
Middlebrook Group & Older Ash Flows &Tuffs (SE MO)
St. Francois Batholith Hyrdothermal Event(s) ? (SE MO)
Rou
gh C
reek
Gra
ben
New Madrid Seismic Zone
Ree
l Foo
t R
ift
Initial Huronian Compression Event
Marquette & Marcellon Rhyolite Tuffs (SC WI)
Nipigon Form
ation
Outan Island Form
ation
Kama Hill Formation
Pass Lake Formation
Logan Sills
Pigeon River Dikes
Osler Group Volcanics
Nipigon Sills
Logan Igneous Suite (Thunder Bay area, ON)
?
? Unnamed Orogeny in
Southern Ontario Wopmay Orogeny
Gunflint Formation: Breccia with white quartz (Sibley Peninsula, Thunder Bay, ON)
Upper Rove Formation (Sibley Peninsula, Thunder Bay, ON)
2 inches
4 inches
1 inch Syenite Intrusion in the Huronian Supergroup Route 17, Dresbrats, ON)
1 inch
Lorraine Puddingstone, Huronian Supergroup (Route 638, North of Bruce Mines, ON)
0.5 inches Amethyst in Archean Monzonite (NE of Thunder Bay, ON)
1 inch
Gunflint Formation: seam agate (Thunder Bay, ON)
Baraga-Marquette (Little Mountain Dikes) (UP MI)
Paleomagnetic Line
= Reversed Polarity
= Normal Polarity
= Transitional/ Rapid Reversal Polarity
= Unknown Polarity
Crystal Lake Gabbro (S ON) Caldwell Complex Basalts (S ON)
Firmly Dated NE Dike
Victoria River NW Dike
Cloud River NW Dike
Marathon Lamprophyres (S ON)
Late Heavy Bombardment Period
= Period of Non Dipole Magnetism
Oldest known rock showing a dipole magnetic field: red dacite in Austrailia
Marathon-Abitibi Lamprophyre Dikes (S ON)
Ely’s Peak Basalt
Thayer Granite
deposition of copper deposits (UP MI)
= Ore deposition
deposition of sedimentary rocks within the Watersmeet volcanics ?
Watersmeet third metamorphic event
Watersmeet fourth metamorphic event
Watersmeet fifth metamorphic event
Great Midwest Caldera and Hydrothermal Events
Modern Plate Tectonics Hiatus ?
= Banded Iron Formation (Sedimentary)
deposition of copper, gold, and uranium deposits (S ON)
Paleozoic
0.5 inches
Negaunee Formation: banded iron formation (Ishpeming area, Upper Peninsula MI)
1 foot
Archean Greenstones (Route 17, Wawa area, ON)
Recent Era of Great Mid-continent Basin Formation (MI, IL, IA, IN, KY, MO)
Paint River Group
Dun
n Cr
eek
Slat
e
Riv
erto
n Ir
on F
orm
atio
n
Fortune Lakes Slate
Hiawatha Graywacke
Stambaugh Formation
References: Allen, R.C., 1915, Contributions to Precambrian Geology of Northern Michigan and Wisconsin, Michigan Geological and Biological Survey, Publication 18, Geological Series 15
Annells, R.N., 1975, Geology of Michipicoten Island Ontario, GSC Bulletin 218, Map 1353A
Baumann, S.D.J., 2010, Lithostratigraphy and age of the Jacobsville Formation around the Lake Superior Basin, U.S.A. and Canada, MIGE G-122010-1A
Baumann, S.D.J., 2011, Preliminary Redefinition of the Cobalt Group (Huronian Supergroup), in the Southern Geologic Province, Ontario, Canada, MIGE G-012011-2A
Bennett, G., 1982, Geology of the Two Horse Lake Area, ONGS Report 210
Bennett, G., 2006, The Huronian Supergroup Between Sault Ste. Marie and Elliot Lake, Ontario, ILSG, Vol. 52, Part IV
Bornhorst, J.J., 1994, Self Guided Geological Field Trip to the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, ILSG, Vol. 40, Part II
Boyun, B.H., 1964, The Marquette Mineral District Michigan, The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co.
Braile, L.W., 1986, Tectonic Development of the New Madrid Rift Complex, Mississippi Embayment, North America, Tectonophysics, 131(1986)1-21
Brown, V.M., 1988, Geologic Map of Precambrian Rocks Des Arc NE Quadrangle, Iron and Madison Counties, Southeast Missouri, USGS Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2032
Cannon, W.F., 1980, Copper Bearing Quartzite Near Watersmeet Michigan, USGS Open File Report 80-390
Cannon, W.F., 2000, Geologic Map of the Keweenaw Peninsula and Adjacent Area, Michigan, USGS Map I-2696
Chandler, V.W., 1992, Paleomagnetism of Early Proterozoic Souix Quartzite Southwest Minnesota-Implications for Correlating Quarzites of the Baraboo Interval, USGS Bulletin 1904-N
Craddock, J., 2006, Precambrian Evolution of Minnesota, 19th Annual Keck Symposium, 120-125
Dott, R.H., 1970, Geology of the Baraboo District Wisconsin, Geological and Natural History Survey, Information Circular 14
Drahovzal, J.A., 1992, The East Continent Rift Basin: A New Discovery, KYGS Information Circular 57
Dressler, B.O., 1995, New Observations at the Slate Islands Impact Structure, Lake Superior, ONGS Miscellaneous Paper 164 53-61 (1995)
Dutton, C.E., 1981, Geology of the Florence Area, USGS Professional Paper 633
Modern Plate Tectonics
Kona sulfide and copper depositional mineralization
Franklin, J.M., 1970, Proterozoic Rocks in the Thunder Bay Area, ILSG Vol. 16
Fritts, C.E., 1969, Bedrock Geologic Map of the Marenisco-Watersmeet Area, Gogebic and Ontonagon Counties, Michigan, USGS Map I-576
Gair, J.E., 1968, Geology of the Marquette and Sands Quadrangles Marquette County Michigan, USGS, Professional Paper 397
Green, J.C., 1982, Geologic Map of Minnesota, Two Harbors Sheet, Scale 1:250,000, State of Minnesota, University of Minnesota
Hansen, M.C., 1997, The Geology of Ohio-The Precambrian, OHGS Geofacts #13
Hart, T.R., 2006, Keweenaw Rocks of the Mamainse Point Area, ILSG Field Guide 52 Vol. 52 Part V
Hinke, J., 2007, Detailed Surficial Geologic Mapping and Terrain Analysis of the Blue Hills Felsenmeer Valley, Rusk County, Wisconsin, Department of Geology University of Wisconsin Eau Claire
Hollings, P. (Editor), 2012, Thunder Bay Ontario, Field Trip Guidebook, ILSG, Vol. 58, Part II
Holst, T.B., 1991, The Penokean Orogeny in Minnesota and Upper Michigan-A Comparison of Structural Geology, USGS Bulletin 1904-D
Holst, T.B., 1991, Tectonic Imbrication and Foredeep Development in the Penokean Orogen, East-Central Minnesota-An Interpretation Based on Regional Geophysics and Results of Test Drilling, USGS Bulletin 1904-C
Jackson, S.L., 1994, Geology of the Aberdeen Area, ONGS Open File Report 5903
Jackson, S.L., 2001, On the Structural Geology of the Southern Province between Sault Ste. Marie and Espanola, Ontario, ONGS Open File Report 5995
James, H.L., 1968, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Iron River-Crystal Falls District, Iron County, Michigan, USGS, Professional Paper 570
Johns, G.W., 2003, Sault Ste. Marie and the Blind River Area, ONGS, Map 2670
Kisvarsanyi, E.B., 1976, Geology of Missouri with Guidebook to Parts of the St. Francois Mountains, 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association of Missouri Geologists, Report of Investigations 61
Klasner, J.S., 1991, Nature and Style of Deformation in the Foreland of the Early Proterozoic Penokean Orogen, Northern Michigan, USGS Bulletin 1904-K
Kolata, D.R. (Editor), 2010, Geology of Illinois, ISGS University of Urbana Champaign, 1st Edition, ISBN: 978-0-615-41739-4 LaBerge, G.L., 1994, Geology of the Lake Superior Region, Geosciences Press, Inc., ISBN: 0-945005-15-6
Bell Creek Gneiss Compeau Creek Gneiss
Bell-Compeau Creek Complex Menominee Range and Marquette Iron Range
Deposition of the Mona Schist, Light House Point Member
Deposition of the Mona Schist, Undivided Metamorphism of the entire Mona Schist
Camery Lake Gneiss
Algoma Series Granites (ON)
McGrath Gneiss & Ortonville Granite (EC MN)
Huronian Interval (Southern Ontario)
LaBerge, G.L., 1980, The Middle Precambrian Geology of Marathon County, Wisconsin, ILSG Vol. 26 Eau Claire Wisconsin, Field Trip Guidebook
LaBerge, G.L., 1983, Precambrian Geology of Marathon County, Wisconsin, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Information Circular 45
LaBerge G.L., 1991, New Observations of the Age and Structure of Proterozoic Quartzites in Wisconsin, USGS Bulletin 1904-B
Lowell, G.R., 1975, A Field Guide to the Geology of the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri, Big Rivers Area Geological Society
Miller, J.D., 2009, ILSG Ely, Minnesota, Proceedings Volume 55, ILSG Trip Guidebook Vol. 55 Part 2
Miller, J.D., 2010, Field Guide to the Geology of the Precambrian Iron Formations in the Western Lake Superior Region, Minnesota and Michigan, PRC Professional Workshop Series October 10 to October 16, 2010, University of Michigan
Morey, G.B., 1988, Correlation of the Precambrian Rocks of the Lake Superior Region, United States, USGS, Professional Paper 1241-F
Morey, G.B., 1967, Stratigraphy and Petrology of the Type Fond du Lac Formation, Duluth Minnesota, MNGS Report of Investigation 7
Morey, G.B., 1969, The Geology of the Precambrian Rove Formation in Northeastern Minnesota, MNGS Special Publication Series, SP-7
Morey, G.B., 1977, Revised Keweenawan Subsurface Stratigraphy, Southeastern Minnesota, MNGS Report of Investigation 16
Morey, G.B., 1978, Lower and Middle Precambrian Stratigraphic Nomenclature for East-Central Minnesota, MNGS Report of Investigation 21
Mosier, E.L., ICP-AES Analytical Results for Precambrian Basement Rocks in or Near Missouri, Open File Report 88-396
Myers, P.E., 1980, Precambrian Geology of the Chippewa Valley, ILSG 26th Annual Meeting, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
Nachatilo, S.A., 1993, Structural Analysis of the Archean Rocks in the Negaunee Area, Michigan—Constraints on Archean verses Early Proterozoic Deformation, USGS, Bulletin 1904-O
Ojakangas, R.W., 1994, Sedimentology and Provenance of the Early Proterozoic Michigamme Formation and Goodrich Quartzite, Northern Michigan-Regional Stratigraphic Implications and Suggested Correlations, USGS Bulletin 1904-R
Ojakangas, D., 2009, Geology and Metamorphism of the Eastern Mesabi Range, ILSG Field Trip Part II, Field Trip 5
Nachatilo, S.A., 1992, Structural Analysis of Archean Rocks in the Negaunee Area, Michigan-Constraints on Arhean verses Proterozoic Deformation, USGS Bulletin 1904-O
Paull, R.K., 1978, Precambrian Inliers in South-Central Wisconsin, Wisconsin Geologic and Natural History Survey
Piispa, E.J., 2010, Paleomagnetism of the Mid-Continental Rift System, Rocks from the Thunder Bay Area (Ontario Canada): New Data and Questions, Poster Presentation, Michigan Technological University
= Sedimentary Rocks with some glacial diamictites
Enchantment Lake Formation
Reany Creek Formation
Unnamed Quartzite on top of the Reany Creek Formation
Placer deposits of Uranium in diamictites
G1 G2 G3, A, B, &C
G4
?
Bad River Dolostone Sunday Quartzite
Pre-Sudbury BIF Subevent Post Sudbury BIF Subevent Baraboo BIF Event
Superior BIF Event
Ozark BIF Event
Endion Sill
Middle Run Formation (E IN, NC KY, W OH)
unnamed basalts
? unknown event resetting of dates in felsic intrusions or true dates
Freda Formation
Bear Lake Rhyolite Stock (1,062mya)
Orie
nta
Form
atio
n
Dev
ils I
slan
d Fo
rmat
ion
Cheq
uam
egon
For
mat
ion
copper mineralization in the Nonesuch
Mellen Intrusions (N WI)
Powder Mill Group Volcanics (N WI, UP MI) Bergland Group Volcanics (N WI, UP MI)
Mineral Lake Intrusions (N WI)
Bayfield Group (NE-E-SE MN, NW WI)
Fond du Lac Formation
Hinckley Sandstone
Solor Church Group (E-SE MN)
= Regional BIF depositional events = Continent wide metamorphic regime = Era of major craton emplacement
? ?
= Questionable event = Known only from seismic profiling, exact chronological position is unknown
= Sudbury impact layer present
IA = Iowa IL = Illinois KY = Kentucky MI = Michigan MN = Minnesota MO = Missouri NB = Nebraska OH = Ohio ON = Ontario SD = South Dakota UP = Upper Peninsula WI = Wisconsin
Ozarkian Interval (South East Missouri to North-Central Illinois)
Centralia Sequence (N-C IL, W IN, WOH) North Sub-Centralia Sequence (S-C-E IL) ? ? South Sub-Centralia Sequence (S-C-E IL)
? Enterprise Sequence (C-E IL)
dated unnamed basement basalts (W OH)
(1,325mya) (1,284mya)
dated Illinois basement granites (N-C IL)
Purit
an Q
uart
z M
onzo
nite
primary metamorphic event Ramsay Formation
Mar
quet
te R
ange
Su
perg
rou
p
Western Gogebic Iron Range
Emperor Volcanics ?
Badw
ater
Gre
enst
one
Ajib
ik F
orm
atio
n
Siam
o Fo
rmat
ion
Hem
lock
Vol
cani
cs
Bijik
i Iro
n Fo
rmat
ion
Mic
higa
mm
ee B
lack
Sl
ate
and
Iron
Mem
ber
Copps Formation
Michigammee Formation
Ironwood Iron
Formation
Gunflint Carbonate-Iron Formation
Gun
flint
Ch
ert
Gunflint Range
Virginia Formation
Pokegama Quartzite
Animikie Group
Michigammee Formation
North Range Group
Rabbit
Lake Form
ation
Thomson Formation
Trommald Formation
Emily Member unnamed (1,870mya)
Iron River/Crystal Falls District
Dickerson Group
East Branch Arkose Solb
erg
Schi
st
Six-
Mile
Lak
e Am
phib
olite
Hardwood Gneiss (S UP MI)
Verm
ilion
Dis
tric
t (N
E M
N, W
ON
) Sananaga Tonalite Sananaga Batholith
Snowbank Lake Pluton
Giants Range Batholith
Icarus Pluton
Lac La Croix Granite
Newton Belt
Sou
dan
Bel
t
Upper Ely Greenstone
Soudan Iron Formation
Lower Ely Greenstone
Britt Sequence
3 known metamorphic events
Newton Lake Formation
Bass Lake Sequence
Knife Lake Group
Lake Vermilion Formation
Gafvert Lake Sequence
copper and zinc mineralization (N WI)
third metamorphic of the Marquette Range Supergroup
Southern Granite/Rhyolite Interval (SE NB)
Eastern Granite/Rhyolite Interval (NE NB -NW IL)
Green Island Plutonic Group (1,485mya) (E IA, NW IL)
Spencer Granite (NW IA)
Quimby Granite (1,433mya) (NW IA) Central Iowa Arch Granite (SC IA)
Athelstane (Amberg) Pink Granite (NE WI)
Central Plains Interval (Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri)
Harris Granite (1,804mya) (NW IA)
Hull Keatophre (1,782mya) (NW IA)
Camp Quest Gneiss (2,065mya) (NW IA)
metamorphism of Camp Quest Gneiss
Lyon County Gneiss (2,532mya) (NW IA)
Otter Creek Mafic Complex (2,890mya) (NW IA) Matlock Banded Iron Formation (NW IA) ?
Marshfield Exotic Terrane (NW IA) ? metamorphism of Marshfield
Exotic Terrane deposition of sedimentary rocks within the Marshfield Exotic Terrane ?
?
? Cedar Rapids & Washington County Quartzites (SE IA)
Potter, C.J., 1995, Structure of the Reel Foot-Rough Creek Rift System, Fluorspar Area Fault Complex, and Hicks Dome, Southern Illinois and Western Kentucky-New Constraints from Regional Seismic Reflection Data, USGS Professional Paper 1538-Q
Pratt, W.B., 1979, Geologic Map of Exposed Precambrian Rocks, Rolla 1oX2o Quadrangle, USGS Miscellaneous Investigation Series Map I-1161
Puffett, W.P., 1969, The Reany Creek Formation, Marquette County Michigan, USGS Bulletin 1274-F
Robertson, J.A., 1977, Geology of the Cutler Area District of Algoma, Ontario Division of Mines, Geoscience Report 147
Rust, B.R., 1987, The Sedimentology and Depositional Environments of the Huronian Bar River Formation, Ontario, ONGS Open File Report 189
Ryder, R.T., 1997, Stratigraphic Framework of Cambrian and Ordovician Rocks in the Appalachian Basin from Campbell County, Kentucky, to Tazewell County Virginia, USGS I-2530
Schmidt, R.G., 1976, Geology of the Precambrian W (Lower Precambrian) Rocks in Western Gogebic County, Michigan, USGS Bulletin 1407
Siemiatkowska, K.M., 1977, Geology of the Wakomata Lake Area District of Algoma, Ontario Division of Mines, Geoscience Report 151
Sims, P.K., 1985, Geology and Geochronology of Granitoid and Metamorphic Rocks of Late Archean Age in Northwestern Wisconsin, USGS Professional Paper 1292-C
Sims, P.K., 1984, Geology, Geochemistry, and Age of Archean and Early Proterozoic Rocks in the Marenisco-Watersmeet Area, Northern Michigan, USGS Professional Paper 1292-A
Sims, P.K., 1985, Great Lakes Tectonic Zone-Revisited, USGS Bulletin 1904-S
Scotese, C.R., 2003, Paleomap Project, www.scotese.com
Spencer, C.G., 2011, Roadside Geology of Missouri, Mountain Press Publishing Company, 1st Edition, ISBN: 978-0-87842-573-0
Taylor, G.L., 1972, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Sulfide Mineralization of the Kona Dolomite, Michigan Technological University
Young, G.M, 2001, Paleozoic Huronian Basin: Product of a Wilson Cycle Punctuated by Glaciations and a Meteorite Impact, Sedimentary Geology 141-142 (2001) 233-254
Van Schmus, W.R., 1998, Proterozoic Granite Systems of the Penokean Terrain in Wisconsin, International Field Conference, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Open File Report 1998-10
various authors, 1973, Guidebook to the Precambrian Geology of Northeastern and Northcentral Wisconsin, ISGS Vol. 19, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
various authors, 2001, Field Trip Guidebook Madison Wisconsin, ILSG Proceedings, Vol. 47 Part II
White, W.S., 1972, The Base of the Upper Keweenawan, Michigan and Wisconsin, USGS Bulletin 1354-F Wood, J., 1975, Geology of the Rawhide Lake Area District of Algoma, Ontario Division of Mines, Geoscience Report 129
Reference Abbreviations: GSC = Geological Survey of Canada ILSG = Institute on Lake Superior Geology ISGS = Illinois State Geological Survey KYGS = Kentucky Geological Survey MIGE = Midwest Institute of Geosciences and Engineering MNGS = Minnesota Geological Survey OHGS = Ohio Geological Survey ONGS = Ontario Geological Survey PRC = Precambrian Research Center USGS = United States Geological Survey
Vermilion-Dickerson BIF Event
Upper Red Clastics (C IA) Lower Red Clastics (C IA) initial metamorphism of the Marquette Range Supergroup
second metamorphic of the Marquette Range Supergroup
Huronian Hydrothermal Event