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SOSC 188

Lecture 13 The Development Project (I):

Emergence and In Action

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The Rise of the Development Project

Ingredients of the Development Project

International Framework of the Development Project

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Historical Context of the Development Project in the 1950s/1960s

De-colonization: Defeat of European powers after WWII and an active nationalist movement

Political independence, the creation of “The Third World”, the era of development

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Ingredients of the Development Project

Unit: What’s new? From colony to Nation-state Nationalism as the mobilizing force for development

Goal: Economic growth, GNP, better living standard

Program: Industrialization: from agricultural exports to industrial exports,

Urbanization: to transfer resources from rural to urban,

Catching up with the West

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Agent: Strong developmental states for late comers -

import-substitution: to produce manufactured products locally

use tariffs to protect local “infant” industries Political strategy: a “Populist” developmentalist

alliance for everybody in the nation subsidies for domestic capitalists, public services (educ, health,

housing) for workers, credits for farmers

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International Framework of the Development Project

Economic initiatives – need to revise the war-torn economy/world depression

Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe, to restore trade and production. Dollar exports for the triangle trade system

The Bretton Woods System set up the World Bank and IMF: raise money for development, to stabilize currency exchange

First World biases: productive investments on large-scale infrastructure projects (e.g. dams, power plants, highways)

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Inter-state politics – compete for influence between the first world (US) and the second world (the Soviet Union)

foreign aid for geo-political reasons (as military outposts)

An emerging third world perspective: the non-alignment movement

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