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7/27/2019 Presentasi DETERGENT Poli Stirena

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1.1 TITTLE

SODIUM DODECYLBENZENE SULFONATE

1.INTODUCTION


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Laundry powder

the term detergentby itself refers specifically to laundry detergentordish detergent, as

opposed to hand soap or other types of cleaning agents.

Detergents are commonly available as powders or concentrated solutions

1.2. USES

It is a detergent or a surfactant.Having "cleaning properties, a detergent is called cleaning agent.

Soaps and Detergents are

c leaning produ cts that have

becom e an essent ial part in ou r

dai ly l ives. Cleanin g pro du cts play

an essent ial role by safely and

effect ively removing dir ts , germsand other con tamin ants , and thus

promote a hyg ienic l i festy le.

Linearalkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) are anionic surfactants widely used for the

production of detergents and household cleaners ].


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1.3. Demand/Suplay

The worldwide

consumption of LAS has

been estimated at 1.5 to 2

million tons per year


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sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate

2. A CLOSER LOOK ON THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

SO3 anionFunctional group

Benzena

Alkyl

Part of molecule

2.1. HC chain, functional group, IUPAC NAME


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PropertiesNatrium Dodecyl benzen

sulfonateDodecyl benzen

Molecular formula C18H29NaO3S

PhasesMolar mass 348.48 g/mol

Appearance

Boiling point

Solubility in water 20%

2.2. Selective Physical properties of the product

and affect of non-covalent interaction

show the effect of geometry & hybrization, carbonlength, dipole interaction, hydrogen bond etc.

Compare Natrium Dodecyl sulfonate with Dodecyl benzen


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Na+

Formal charge S = 6-(1/2.12+0)=0 O(I) =

O(II) =

O(III)=

2. A CLOSER LOOK ON THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

2.3.Lewis structure and Formal charge


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SPECIAL CHARACTERISTIC

SELECTED CHARACTERISTIC EXPLANATION RELATED TO SRUCTURE

cleaning properties The alkylbenzene portion of these anions is

lipophilic and the sulfonate is hydrophilic.

Biodegradability ABS with linier alkyl

groups is better than those with

branch alkyl groups


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How does it work as detergent

The lipophilic tails of the ABS molecules remain on the inside of the

micelle. The polar "heads" of the micelle form a hydrophilic outer

layer that in effect protects the hydrophobic core of the micelle.

The compounds that make up a micelle are typically amphiphilic in

nature, meaning that not only are micelles soluble in protic

solvents such as waterbut also in aprotic solvents as a reverse

micelle.

Detergent works

through the formation

of micelle that is a

drop of oil surrounded

by surfactant.


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sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate

benzene + dodecene

dodecylbenzenes + sulfur trioxide

3. SYNTHESIS (Whole steps)

sulfonaion

Electrofilic aromatic

substitution

Alkylation

Acidbase

dodecylbenzenes sulfonic acid + sodium hydroxide


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+NaOH

3. SYNTHESIS (acid base reaction)

Acidbase


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dodecylbenzenesulfonate

+ SO3+ H2SO4

3. SYNTHESIS (sulfonation step)

H

sulfonaion


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REACTION OF SYNTHESIS3.1 Synthesis (substitution step)

Electrofilic

AromaticSubstitution

Alkyl + benzena


Consider as reactant


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3. 2. REACTANT

Chemical reactivity



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REACTION OF SYNTHESIS3.3 REACTION MECHANISM

Electrofilic

AromaticSubstitution

Alkyl + benzena



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4. CLOSING:

The early ABS detergents (alkylbenzenesulfonic acid) had

an important defect. They contained branched chainmolecules that made them biologically hard, ornondegradable, which meant that the bacteria in sewagetreatment plants did not easily break them down. Thesewere replaced by degradable detergents (linear alkyl

sulfonates, LAS).

Even the biodegradable detergents are not free fromfaults. In addition to the LAS, which is the cleansing agent,or surfactant, many other substances are added, such as

builders, bleaches, conditioners, optical brighteners andenzymes. A builder prevents the formation of insolublecompounds in hard water.


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Orchem Assignment

1 . INTRODUCTION

1.1. Title (compound name), chemical structure, IUPAC/trivial name

1.2 .uses, national world supply/demand

2. SINTESIS :

2.1 Reactant, product mechanism2.2 Physical/chemical properties comparison of the product and the

reactant

2.3 A closer look on the chemical structure

(functional group, active site etc.

2.4 How it works to support its function/uses

3. Closing :

Future Aspect of the product, Research Development, Environmental

consideration


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1.TITTLE


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Polystyrene is a thermoplastic resin that is easily processed.

As such it is used in many applications such as disposables,

packaging, toys, construction, electronics and house wares.

1. 2.USES(KEGUNAAN)


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CD case Disposable polystyrene razor

General-purpose (also referred to as crystal or straight) resin is sold inthree common grades: high-heat, medium-flow and high-flow grades.

USES(KEGUNAAN)

made from general purpose polystyrene (GPPS)


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What we commonly call styrofoam, is actually the most recognizable form of foam

polystyrene packaging.

Styrofoam is the trademark of the Dow Chemical Company, the technical name of

the product is extruded polystyrenefoam

packing materials, insulation, and foam drink cups.

USES(KEGUNAAN)


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1.3. SUPPLAY/DEMAND

In 1996, world production capacity for styrene was near 19.2 millionmetric tonnes per year


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3. STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTIC

Poly(1-phenylethane-1,2-diyl),

Part of molecule : benzene ring

Functional group : no

Special feature : polymer of hydrocarbon

2. A CLOSER LOOK ON THE CHEMICAL STRUCTUREAND HOW DOES THIS WORK TO SUPPORT ITS FUNCTION/USES

2.1. HC chain, functional group, IUPAC NAME


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2.2. Selective Physical properties of the product

and affect of non-covalent interaction

show the effect of carbon length, dipoleinteraction, hydrogen bond

Compare boiling point of styrene with that ofpolystyrene to show the effect chain length

Compare boiling point styrene with that of the linierC8s compound to show the effect of benzene ring


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Properties styrene polystyrene

Molecular formula C8H8 ?

Molar mass 104.15 g/mol ?

Appearance colorless oily liquid Solid

Density 0.909 g/cm 1.05 g/cm3

Meltingpoint -30 C 240 C

Effect of chain length


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Special CHARACTERISTIC EXPLANATION RELATED TO

SRUCTURE

It is hard plastic with limitedflexibility.

The existence of benzene branch

It takes a very long time to

biodegrade

It does has oxygen containing functional

group

Polystyrene is a thermoplastic

substance,

It is not crystal structure

SPECIAL CHARACTERISTIC


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benzene ring

It is hard plastic with limited flexibility.

stacking of aromatic rings (polystyren)

2.2. Special characteristic


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Another reason is that It does not has oxygen

containing functional group

It takes a very long time to biodegrade

The reason traditional plastics are not biodegradable is because their

long polymer molecules are too large and too tightly bonded together to

be broken apart and assimilated by decomposer organisms

2.2. Special characteristic


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Polystyrene is a thermoplastic substance, which is in solid (glassy) state

at room temperature, but flows if heated above its glass transitiontemperature (for molding or extrusion), and becomes solid again when

cooled

No cross linking

If there are some cross linking, polimer become thermoset substance


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3. SYNTHESIS

Catalyst :boron trifluoride and water.

PS, is an aromatic polymermade from the aromatic monomer

styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured

from petroleum by the chemical industry.


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3. REACTANT Reactivity



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2.2. REACTION MECHANISM

Show reaction mechanism


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4. CLOSING:

Many people are not aware of the harmful effects of Polystyrene, This article

aims to highlight some of the dangers, both to our health and to the environment.

It takes at least 500 years to decompose

Polystyrene food containers leach the toxin Styrene when they come intocontact with warm food or drink, alcohol, oils and acidic foods causing

human contamination and pose a health risk to people

Do not microwave food in Polystyrene containers


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Referensi . . .

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrene

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