GROUP MEMBERS:(1)AMIRUL ASYRAF BIN

KAMARULZAINI(2)MOHD FAIZ BIN AZISPISMP MATHEMATICS 1

SEMESTER 5

TREE DIAGRAM

Syntax in Linguistic Tree

Phonetics Phonology

Sounds of

language

Linguistics

Grammar

Morphology

Syntax

Meaning

Semantics

Pragmatics

Language acquisition

Everyone who can speak knows how to use the

rules

and it is amazing that children can do it so fast

But nobody can really state exactly what the rules

are!

Understanding syntax (and morphology) can help

researchers to understand how young children

learn their native language

All languages have constituents

4

Take a simple sentence Johnny danced

We can call the sentence S, and label the syntactic categories N (noun) and V (verb). S

N Johnny

Vdanced

Phrase structure grammar

5

N and V aren’t always very good labels

Johnny is similar to the handsome student, because they are both the same kind of constituent They are both Noun

Phrases We can remove Johnny

and add the handsome student, and the sentence structure is still similar

S

NPThe handsome student

VPdanced

Syntactic Categories

Non-lexical categories Determiner (Det) Degree word (Deg) Qualifier (Qual) Auxiliary (Aux) Conjunction (Con)

Examples the, this very, more always, perhaps will, can and, or

Syntax Dr Alok K Das

6

Phrases7

NP : Noun PhraseThe car, a clever student

VP : Verb Phrasestudy hard, play the

guitarPP : Prepositional Phrase

in the class, above the earth

AP : Adjective Phrasevery tall, quite certain

Phrase Structure Rules8NP (Det) N (PP)

PP P NP

The bus (NP)

The

NDet

bus

The bus in the yard NP

The

NDet

bus

PP

in

NPP

the

Det N

yard

Example The old tree swayed in the wind

old

V PP

in

NPP

the

Det N

windThe

N

swayed

S

NP VP

Det Adj

tree

Aux

past

Example The children put the toy in the box

V PP

in

NPP

the

Det N

boxThe

N

put

S

NP VP

Det

children

NP

the

Det N

toy

That’s all….Thank you…. =)