Presentation of practical training on environmental sanitation for the 4th year. 8 - semester

Hygienic evaluation of treatment facilities of air technical and hygienic parameters.

Methodology sanitary measures air pollutants. The technique of sanitary inspection motorway and territories primagistralnyh .podgotovka UIRS.

Methodology sanitary examination of projects on protection of atmospheric air from industrial emissions in the village

Commissioning of dust collectors and gas treatment facilities

plan:

Hygienic Assessment of treatment plants Air technical and hygienic parameters.

Methodology sanitary measures air pollutants. Technique of sanitary inspection of the highway

and the primagistralnykh of territories The technique of sanitary examination of

projects on protection atmospheric air from pollution by industrial emissions in the settlement

Acceptance for operation of dust removal and gas-purifying constructions equipment.

The purpose of the activity:

to acquaint students with the main hygienic requirements to actions for pollution abatement of atmospheric air;

- Sampling of air in warm building on the general pollutants.

- Drawing up act of inspection of the industrial enterprise

to acquaint students with sanitary and technological actions;

- to acquaint students with technological actions;

Студент должен знать

Знать методику организаций наблюдения за загрязнением атмосферного воздуха

применять основные положения каждого документа по своему значению

особенности организации и проведения гигиенических и эпидемиологических

мероприятий по уменьшению неблагоприятного воздействия

факторов риска на состояние здоровья населения и окружающей среды

Знать источники, загрязняющие атмосферный воздух

знать методику санитарной экспертизы проектов по охране атмосферного

воздуха от загрязнений промышленными выбросами

значение и правовые нормы, регулирующие отношение человека к человеку, обществу и окружающей среде

Студент должен уметь

осуществлять ТСН на подконтрольных коммунальных объектах

Написать акт санитарного обследования

Отбирать пробу воздуха

Обследовать промышленное предприятие

выполнять визуальные, лабораторно-инструментальные, расчетные методы определения для гигиенической оценки факторов окружающей среды;

проводить санитарно-гигиенические

обследования объектов надзора и составлять

соответствующую учетно-отчётную документацию;

Обосновать свои действия при даче заключения по проекту

General measures to combat air pollution can be divided into 3 main groups of activities

1.Technological;

2 Sanitary and hygienic;

3.Planning.

Methods of reducing pollution

1) Replacing harmful substances in the production of harmful and less harmful. An example is the translation of boiler combustion with coal and fuel oil to gas; replacement of gasoline in a car engine gas, hydrogen. Prohibition of the use in the production of potential carcinogens and replacing them with less hazardous compounds.

2) Purification of the feed contaminants. An example is the above-described removal of sulfur from fuel oil. Good results have been achieved in this regard, for cleaning sulfur from gases charring. With regard to the removal of sulfur from the solid fuel, while it is performed only by removing pyrite sulfur separation that is only slightly reduces the emission of sulfur dioxide.

Continuation

5) Sealing processes, use of hydraulic and pneumatic transport for transport of dusty materials. Experience asphalt plants built in recent years and use pnevmoperedachu dusting materials showed high efficiency of this event. 

Methods of reducing pollution

Dry mechanical

dust collectors;

Filtration apparatus;

Electrostatic filters;

4 Apparatus scrubbing

Devices filtering:

Dry mechanical dust collectors (dust chamber, cyclones, dust arresters louver.)

Pyleosaditelnye cameras - effective only for coarse dust and therefore have no independent value as sanitary cleaning stage. They are often used for protection from falling out gazoothodov dust, or as the first stage of the process emissions to improve the effectiveness of the second, main, stage

The main direction in the development of cyclonic devices is to reduce their flow resistance by improving the aerodynamic performance by installing special "twist" and "untwist" devices, as well as their layout. Cyclone devices are used as stand-alone treatment facilities, as well as combination with other gas cleaning equipment to remove the bulk of the dust

electrostatic ESPs are the most versatile devices

for gas purification, widespread. The performance of electrostatic precipitators is to several million cubic meters of gas for 1 hour and reaches almost any degree of gas cleaning. Electrostatic precipitators are used to capture both solid and liquid aerosols. By the nature of these machines captured product are divided into "dry" and "wet", in the direction of travel of gases - by the horizontal and vertical

To clean the vent emissions industries developed and implemented an alkaline hydroquinone method that provides fine cleaning of large amounts of air to elemental sulfur. Introduced into production methods of cleaning gases nitrogen, nitrous gases nitrogen on the acid productions. In some cases, for technical and economic reasons, when the number of allocated hazards slightly, and their toxicity is high, it is necessary to apply the methods of burning organic matter, in which hydrocarbons are burned to carbon dioxide and water.

Incineration can be carried out directly by a high-efficiency furnaces or by using catalysts. Installations for the thermal

treatment of emissions has been used successfully in a number of industries of oil refining and petrochemical industries.

Drafted two-stage cyclone firing units diameter of 500, 600, 800 and 1300 mm .. Such installations built and successfully

operated in our country in 18 enterprises.

The task TSN includes:

1. Accounting and certification of all existing industrial and other

2. objects that can pollute the air with their emissions3. Accounting and certification of gas scrubbers, dust

collectors and heat recovery systems in industrial plants, operation and supervision of the sanitary assessment of their performance

4. Explore the nature and extent of air pollution emissions from industrial enterprises and motor transport.

5. Control, the sanitary condition of the air in the settlements.6. The study of the effects of atmospheric emissions of the

industrial enterprises and motor transport to health and sanitary living conditions.

7. Development of measures aimed at reducing air pollution and control over their performance

In sanitary examination showed two periods First step; 1. Meeting with the technical direction of the company in order to clarify

the following questions: A) When the sewage treatment plant built and subjected to whether

reconstruction; B) whether health authorities in order precautionary supervision in

matters of design and construction. 2. Introduction and available documentation: A) Technical passport treatment facilities by type structures and their

purpose, performance, efficiencies, and basic technical conditions under which ensures the normal operation of the plant;

B) technical magazine for correct operation and conduct daily whether attendants entered all the data characterizing the adherence plant operation taking place violations of the adopted measures and other observations. And Dotcom visits and signature of the representative of the Medical Service.

second leg The second phase of the survey includes inspection of all

facilities to determine the extent to which the project to determine the mode of operation and cleaning efficiency.

For the treatment of industrial emissions, various structures depending on the nature of the release. In practice, most often it is necessary to meet the industrial gas cleaning from suspended solids. Depending on the fineness of the mechanical suspension, their proportion, various purification methods, or combinations thereof.

Mechanical or dry gas cleaning (pyleosaditelnye camera louver dust collector, cyclone, battery cyclones)

Wet gas cleaning (scrubbers, cyclones with a water film) Gas filtration (baghouses) Electric gas cleaning (electrostatic

Sanitary inspection program Name of industrial enterprise, departmental affiliation, address. Hazard class in accordance with SanPiN № 0006-93 Location of the enterprise in terms of the city on the wind regime, terrain, surface water

body. The presence of the sanitary protection zone, and the size and organization (landscaping,

placement of other objects) according to the San PiN th. Characteristics of the process, the conditions of formation of emissions. The composition of industrial emissions A method for removing air emissions (chimneys, ventilation ducts) Maximum permissible emission (MPE); Availability of facilities for collection and cleaning of air emissions, their characteristics. System dust - and gas cleaning (single, double and multi-stage) Availability of technical passports for water treatment plants, mechanical efficiency, work

structures - Design and actual. Service organization and operation of sewage treatment plants, operation manual

treatment facilities and technical journal operation Data (production laboratory (CSES) laboratory studies of atmospheric air of residential

areas in the vicinity of the site and the impact of research MPE. Population survey data on the impact of emissions on a life conditions. If the survey is not

made public, it is recommended to carry out the following form. Conclusion on the health status of the A / B in the village is given on the main results of

the survey of industrial enterprises, the results of the population survey data and laboratory test samples and / in the territory of the submissions received is determined by the amount of the nature of events in San. Protection A / B.

Map of the survey population Name of the village Street, house, flat Full Name Gender: male; wives. Year of birth Worker, employee, student, disabled, retired, housewife,

preschooler How many years of living in this paragraph Do you see air pollution and what it is expressed A) on the state of health B) on the living conditions B) if there is a smell of businesses around it, how far in the

time of the survey 9. exposed, not exposed - to stay in this paragraph influence of

industrial dust, gases, at the place of work, place of residence.

Pollution by industrial emissions in settlements

When choosing a site to build a new settlement

or the expansion of an existing city or town sanitary

inspector must assess the

condition of the environment.

Such an assessment is needed especially in those cases where the population or its

separate areas posted about objects that can pollute the

atmospheric air, water and soil or create elevated levels of noise, vibration and

electromagnetic fields

Hygienic assessment of the current situation is given on the basis of the results of research carried out by authorities and agencies entrusted with the control of the state of the natural environment, as well as data on its impact on the living conditions and health of the population. Take into account the main sources of pollution: industrial and agricultural enterprises and installations, power plants and heating plants, airports and airfields, construction of railway transport, highways, telecentres, retraslyatory, radio

Consideration of design documentation concerning measures to protect the atmosphere from industrial emissions, in the following order.

1. Introduction to the company and its main and side process, the nature of the raw materials used and the possible

hazardous waste.2.Otsenka complex technological measures aimed at reducing emissions, reducing them to the amount of toxic components

and their concentrations, the localization of emissions.

Continued:

3 Checking the calculation of emissions to

the atmosphere,

check the calculation conditions

dispersion of emissions into

the atmosphere and the

definition of the required degree of purification. Evaluation of

the technological

scheme abatement

4. Evaluation

of the complex planning measures aimed at reducing

air pollution and the

settlement organization SPZ their correction

values

5. Sanitary opinion on the draft.

Commissioning enterprises, shops, units permitted only at presence of

gas and dust removal systems, acceptance of which is carried out

in 2 stages

2 этапа

. На первом этапе (предварительная приемка) дается гигиеническая оценка построенным технологическим агрегатам, узлам и линиям, которые могут быть источниками загрязнения атмосферного воздуха, сооружениям по очистке выбросов и всем мероприятиям, направленным на охрану воздушных бассейнов населенных мест

На втором этапе приемка осуществляется государственной комиссией

Warning sanitary supervision one of the most effective forms of state sanitary

inspection. PSN is a building system events, legislation, science-based hygiene standards in order to control the implementation of existing sanitary norms and rules when placing the design, construction, reconstruction and commissioning of new, extensible and reconstructed, different objects, as well as in the development of normative and technical documentation - NTD, products and new product raw materials, new chemical compounds new construction materials and other.

Actions san. physician in the preventive sanitary supervision and its demands are

based on:

Provisions of the basic legal documents

2 provisions of the current national

regulations

3 positions regulatory and procedural

documents

SPE is carried out in two directions, each of which has several stages

SPE in the design and construction of new, reconstructed and extensible

objects SPE at modernization industrial

chemicals and others.

SPE in the design and construction of new and reconstruction of extensible

objects.In carrying out this section SPE

doctor CSSES guided official legislative documents of the main ones are CH and Py, SRN and the

guests.

The SPE in the design and construction consists of the following steps:

Stage 1 - consideration of

feasibility or feasibility study for the construction of

schemes and projects of regional

planning data containing technical

solutions of the proposed facility; participate in the

work of the commission for the

selection and allotment of land

sites for construction of the facility.

stage - PSN in the design process and

examination of finished projects

stage - control over the observance of

sanitary norms and rules during the

construction.stage -

participation in the labor and the state commission at the

time and acceptance of

facilities

In the feasibility study for construction of housing and civil, industrial and other purposes should be considered:

a high level of urban and architectural solutions, improving living and working conditions of working with the latest achievements of industrial design;b) improvement of planning and improving the quality of residential houses and social amenities;c) the widespread use of standard designs and standard design solutions;d) rational use of land protection of the environment, as well as seismic explosion and fire facilities;d) management of natural resources economical use of material, fuel, energy and labor resources;e) the use of inventions in the field of production technologies, equipment, structures and materials.

For the examination of projects sanitary supervision bodies should be provided with the following basic documentation

Cover letter organization - the customer to the projectDecision of the local the disqualification of land for construction

with the endorsement of Stete sanitary supervision.Information about the availability of this facility to the town's water supply and sanitation, and in their presence - the places of water

intake and water dischargeThe decision of the respective organizations on the supply of

electricity, gas, hot water.Technical design and drawings, consisting of explanatory notes and

graphics

When sanitary surveys buildings shall be drawn

(f number 315 / y) with a brief description of the construction defects identified and

proposals to address them within the specified period. When violations of

sanitary requirements for the construction or the presence of inconsistent deviations from the

approved project health authorities may suspend the construction work to

eliminate violations, the decision on the form 306 / y.

In the act of the state acceptance commission stated the following: technical description of the facility;

-information on the approval ofconstruction documents;-compliance work performed SNIP and SanPin;-compliance work performed SNIP and SanPin;-conclusions about the readiness of the object and the Commission's decision on acceptance of it in operation

New educational technology used in the lesson

Interactive game:camomile

What should be the CPP

What you know the

constructions catching SО 2

Cyclones

filtration Devices

formula Averianova

test questions Ochistnye Facilities for dust removal. Suhie Mechanical dust collectors. Apparaty Filtering. Tsiklony. Multitsiklony. Skrubbery. Features enterprises of building materials The basic principles of normalization of

chemicals in the air Formula Aberyanova Organised emission of "dangerous" wind speed

fugitive winds

References: "Summary: 1. "Health" under the guidance of prof. Demidenko NM T.

2003 2. Guide to laboratory work on communal hygiene

Goncharuk EI Moscow 1990 3. Sh.T.Otaboev, T.I.Iskandarov, G.T.Iskandarova

"Kommunal hygiene" Tashkent 2010 th. 4 “Educational posoby on communal hygiene for a

practical training. "Edited by Academician Iskandarova TI T. 2006

5. "Communal Hygiene" E.I.Goncharuk Kiev in 2007 I, II part

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