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ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES – A PRESENTATION ON DUBAI MARINA

EFFORS BY:AISHWARYA MUKUND UC0909

+Overview:

Dubai Marina is a canal city in the Venetian tradition, carved along a two-mile stretch of Arabian Gulf shoreline. The development is intended to accommodate more than 120,000 people in luxury condominium towers and villas perched atop a dynamic waterfront-retail promenade.

Dubai is a remarkable place; a vibrant new city where young expatriates from all over the world are striving to make their first tax-free million. In many ways, it is the quintessential city of our time, reflecting the best of modern technology and the worst of rampant consumerism.

Over the past decade, Dubai has emerged as the commercial, entertainment and resort hub for the surrounding region. Forty years ago, the city was a small port on the Arabian Gulf. It had two principal advantages: a natural harbour formed by Dubai Creek (which is actually a natural estuary) and a native people who had developed an affinity and talent for trade over many centuries.

+ Dubai Marina is a district in Dubai, United Arab

Emirates. Dubai Marina is an artificial canal city, built along a two mile (3 km) stretch of Persian Gulf shoreline. When the entire development is complete, it will accommodate more than 120,000 people in residential towers and villas. It is located on Interchange 5 between Jebel Ali Port and the area which hosts Dubai Internet City, Dubai Media City, and the American University in Dubai. Established in 2003, the first phase of this project has been completed. Dubai Marina was inspired by the Concord Pacific Place development along False Creek in Vancouver, BC, Canada. Dubai Marina is also one of the few places in Dubai where people from Western Europe form a majority.

+Conceptualization and Development: Those who knew Dubai in the 1970s and

1980s (and even those who were there, say, five years ago) would be shocked by the scale of the transformation that has taken place. It is like a city that has appeared suddenly out of the desert sands. It is also the capital of one-upmanship, where each new development is taller, grander and more fantastic than the last, and where everyone is excited about the latest and greatest structure.

+ The growth of the city has followed a variation

of the Los Angeles model. New centres of development outside of the older cores of Diera and Bur Dubai have sprung up across the desert, linked by motorways and ring roads. This leaves large open spaces in between to be filled in with a lower-intensity, car-dependent form of urban sprawl. There is no real urban history in Dubai, so the developers in the city have invented a variety of urban conditions.

+Architects and Developers:

It is within this context that HOK was hired in 1999 by the newly formed Emaar Properties development company to prepare the master plan for Dubai Marina. The mixed-use development is planned as one of the major new centres within the city, designed with the aim of creating a new focus for high-density development.

It was conceived as a 'city within the city' that would help shift the perceived centre of Dubai further west along the shore of the Gulf. The total land area is approximately 578ha.

+ As HOK began work on the master plan, the true design

challenge came from the lack of context for building. As a place with few historical references and no traditional commercial real estate market, on a site simply bounded by a motorway on one side and a beachfront on the other, HOK and Emaar Properties had unprecedented freedom to define the kind of community they wanted to create. The aim was, in the most generic sense, to define the essence of what makes a great urban space and translate it into the physical context at hand.

+Design Considerations:

The Dubai Marina project was fortunate to have a developer with a strong vision for the overall development. This kind of 'big idea' is one of the key components of any successful urban design. The vision for Dubai Marina brings the waters of the Gulf into the site, creating a new waterfront community. It will be a dense, urban space with a residential focus capable of accommodating a large international population.

Another key factor in the design of Dubai Marina was a large central waterway, excavated from the desert and running the length of the 3km site. To protect this resource, as well as create a place for recreation, the design established a continuous, 15m-wide minimum strip of land around its perimeter. This is a remarkable achievement in a private development project. More than 12% of the total land area on the site has been given over to this central public space.

+ Although much of this area is occupied by the marina

water surface, it also includes almost 8km of landscaped public walkways, creating a recreational zone along the waterfront with views into the various water basins and a closer relationship with the water.

In a fairly dense urban setting, where fresh water is scarce and rain is insufficient to support open landscapes, the value of the marina is in the finished open space it provides in the centre of the development. Like Central Park in New York or the Grand Canal in Venice, the public space of the marina opens up the development to light and long vistas.

+Marina Framework:

In addition to the marina waterway and promenade, the important components of the public realm are the streets, avenues and parks, which together create the framework for the development. Primary access is provided through a series of broad landscaped boulevards.

The existing waterfront road is expanded to create a broad roadway through the district, reminiscent of a grand seafront corniche. New inner and outer ring roads encircle the east side of the marina and provide access to a regular series of smaller cul-de-sac access roads that terminate in small parks adjacent to the marina promenade.

+ All of the neighbourhood streets are designed with

generous, landscaped pedestrian walkways leading to the parks and the marina. Residential building entrances are provided for these streets, to encourage active pedestrian circulation and to create functional and visual links between the buildings and the marina, even if a particular building does not look directly onto the waterway.

From an urban design perspective, it is important that the public realm is conceived and designed as a network of linked open spaces, and that the private development parcels and guidelines controlling private development are all shaped to address and enhance the adjacent public realm.

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Dubai Marina Phase 1

+Dubai Marina Phase 1:

The Dubai Marina Phase 1 building project, also designed by HOK and developed by Emaar Properties, consists of six residential towers positioned on a mixed-use, low-rise podium base, which adds a built edge to the Marina promenade.

The detailed design of the promenade frontage, with its convertible retail arcade that opens in winter and closes for climate control in summer, and its pedestrian connections between the residential buildings and the waterfront, has been a high priority throughout the development.

The goal is to set new standards for the pedestrian environment in terms of quality and character as development continues around the marina perimeter.

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Dubai Marina Phase 2

+Dubai Marina Phase 2:

The Phase II of Dubai Marina will consist of high rise buildings, which are mainly clustered into a block, known as "Tallest Block in the world" with the majority of the skyscrapers ranges between 250 metres (820 ft) to 300 metres (984 ft), which includes Infinity tower, Ocean Heights, Marina Pinnacle, Sulafa Tower, and a few taller than 350 metres, and 400 metres, which includes Elite Residence, 23 Marina, Princess Tower, Marina 101, Marina 106, Damac Heights and the supertall Pentominium, which rises to 516 metres.

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Project Details

+Project Details: Region: Middle East + Asia Sub-Region: UAE - Dubai Division: Construction Sector: Residential Status: Completed Construction value: US$269.04 Client: Emaar Properties Contract Type: Design and Construct; Joint

Venture Consultants: Architect: HOK Canada

Project Managers: Mace InternationalEngineers: Mott MacDonald

+ Description: 1029 apartments combined floor area:

260,000m2; 64 luxury villas combined floor area: 30,000m2; over 6 towers, and an extensive podium; Additional facilities: 3-storey fitness centre; daycare centre; children's play areas; 7 swimming pools: 40 retail / restaurant outlets; a mosque

+Map of Dubai Marina

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+ CAYAN TOWER - FACTS

OFFICIAL NAME: Cayan TowerOTHER NAME: Infinity TowerTYPE: ResidentialSTATUS: CompletedCOUNTRY: United Arab Emirates CITY: DubaiSTREET ADDRESS: Dubai MarinaSTRUCTURAL MATERIAL: ConcretePROPOSED: 2005START OF CONSTRUCTION: 2006COMPLETION: 2013GLOBAL RANKING: #58 tallest - WorldNATIONAL RANKING: #19 in Middle EastCITY RANKING: #16 tallest in DubaiOWNER & DEVELOPER: Cayan Property DevelopmentsDESIGN ARCHITECT: SOMMAIN CONTRACTOR: ArabtecELEVATOR SUPPLIER: KONE

+ CAYAN TOWER - FACTS

HEIGHT – ARCHITECTURAL: 307.3mHEIGHT – OCCUPIED: 274.4mHEIGHT – TO TIP: 307.3mFLOORS ABOVE GROUND: 73FLOORS BELOW GROUND: 6# OF ELEVATORS: 7TOP ELEVATOR SPEED: 8m/sTOWER GFA: 118,100 sq.m# OF APARTMENTS: 492# OF PARKING SPACES: 610

+Cayan Tower, Dubai Marina

The Infinity Tower twists a full 90 degrees from its base to its crown, 305 meters (1,000 feet) above the ground, through a series of incremental plan rotations at each level. The architects proposed the twisting geometry of the Tower as a means to maximize the views at different elevations. Near the base of the Tower, the Marina is the primary view. Ascending up the Tower, views to the Gulf take precedence and the building geometry is a response to this topography.

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FLOORPLAN

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BUILDING SECTION

+ The 73 story cast-in-place reinforced concrete Infinity

Tower consists of 122,000 m2 (1,312,500 ft2) of residential and amenity space, as well as 12 levels of parking including 6 parking levels below grade. Currently under construction and scheduled to open in 2011, Infinity Tower will stand as an iconic centerpiece for the Dubai Marina.

The Tower is founded upon a 3 meter thick reinforced concrete mat foundation which is supported by ninety-nine 1.2 meter diameter bored, cast-in-place reinforced concrete piles extending approximately 30 meters below the mat foundation. The piles transfer the Tower loads to the subgrade primarily through side friction. The subgrade consists of loose sands and sandstone bands overlaying cemented marine deposits and calcareous silt limestone/siltstone.

+ The lateral load resisting system for the Tower consists of a

combination of a moment-resisting perimeter tube frame and a circular central core wall, connected by the two-way spanning reinforced concrete flat plate slabs at each level acting as rigid diaphragms. This system maximizes the effective structural ‘footprint’ of the Tower by utilizing a significant amount of the vertical reinforced concrete for lateral load resistance.

The circular central core walls, which ascend purely vertically, are cast using a slip-forming system operating through incremental but not continuous advancement, in order to remain ahead of, but in phase with the construction of the perimeter frame of the Tower. The circular nature of the central core walls made slip forming an attractive option in order to avoid the potential difficulties in adjustment of the formwork panels towards the inside of the circular core walls as would be the case with jump-form operations. The perimeter concrete tube frame (columns and spandrel beams) and slabs are cast using an interlocking metal formwork system by MFE (Mivan) Formwork. The perimeter column stacking configuration means that the forms are identical at each story, simplifying the formwork erection operation. A construction cycle time of 6 to 7 days per story is consistently being achieved

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+ Due to the unique twisting geometry of the Tower, the

structure has a natural tendency to undergo additional horizontal ‘twist’ movement under gravity loads, a significant portion of which results from the self-weight of the cast-in-place structure. Additional movement is expected during construction and over the life of the structure due to creep and shrinkage effects of the cast-in-place concrete. In order to understand the potential movement of the structure, a detailed analysis was performed taking into account the anticipated construction sequence, and time dependent variables; such as creep, shrinkage, and variation in concrete material properties. A comprehensive and continuous building movement surveying program has been implemented in order to track the behavior of the Tower during construction. This information is used by the engineers in order to confirm the expected behavior of the structure, and by the contractor in order to plan for the appropriate construction alignment compensation.

+ Cast-in-place reinforced concrete was selected

as the primary construction material for this project primarily due to its ideal mass and stiffness characteristics, which aid in the reduction of wind-induced movement of the Tower, a governing factor in the design of tall, slender towers. In addition, cast-in-place concrete is a cost-effective and practical option for construction in Dubai.

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