Presentation on Instruments Used in Microbiologyedited on 26032012 (1)

7/30/2019 Presentation on Instruments Used in Microbiologyedited on 26032012 (1)

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Instruments Techniques and principals

in Microbiology

1. Instruments used in microbiology are not

fully automated

2. Minimized human interference

3. To Aid in rapid diagnosis of infections

4. Minimized turnaround time

5. Safe and Hazard less enviornment


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POLY STAINER 5300 automatedsystem for Gram stain

The Polystainer is a fullyuser programmablerobotic stainer capable

of delivering highquality stained slidesfor clinical and researchMicrobiology labs

The Polystainer willtake over the tedious

job of slide staining and

free lab staff to get onwith the work onlyskilled scientists aretrained to do


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It takes 5-10 minutes to stained the slidesMaximum 20 slides are stained


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AUTOMATED BLOOD CULTURE

BACTEC 9240

Need for Automated blood culture is,

The detection of microorganisms in a patients blood

has diagnostic and prognostic importance. Blood

cultures are essential in the diagnosis and treatmentof the etiologic agents of sepsis.

the expeditious detection and identification of blood

borne bacterial pathogens is an important function

of the diagnostic microbiology laboratory


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The BACTEC 9000 series of blood culture instruments are designed for

the rapid detection of microorganisms in clinical specimens.

The sample to be tested is inoculated into the vial which is entered into

the BACTEC instrument for incubation and periodic reading.

Each vial contains a sensor which responds to the concentration of CO2produced by the metabolism of microorganisms or the consumption

oxygen needed for the growth of microorganisms.

The sensor is monitored by the instrument every ten minutes for an

increase in its fluorescence, which is proportional to the increasingamount of CO2 or the decreasing amount of O2 present in the vial.

A positive reading indicates the presumptive presence of viable

microorganisms in the vial.


BACTEC 9240


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Media used for this instruments is as under BACTEC PLUS Aerobic/F Culture Vialo 25 mL Enriched Soybean-Casein Digest broth (TSB)

o 0.05% Sodium Polyanetholesulfonate (SPS)

o Cationic and Non-ionic Adsorbing Resins

o Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2)o Sensor for the detection of fluorescence

BACTEC PLUS Anaerobic/F Culture Vialo 25 mL pre-reduced enriched Soybean-Casein Digest broth.

o 0.05% SPS

o

Resinso CO2 and Nitrogen gas (N2)

o Sensor for the detection of fluorescence.

Volume: 3 to 10 mL of blood in each vial in paeds vial is 0.5 to 5 mL of blood is acceptable.


BACTEC 9240


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BACTEC PEDS PLUS/F Culture Vial

o 40 mL Enriched Soybean-Casein Digest broth

o 0.02% SPS

o Resins

o CO2 , O2

o Sensor for the detection of fluorescence

BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC


BACTEC 9240


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MICROBIAL IDENTIFICATION USINGTHE BIOMRIEUX VITEK 2 SYSTEM

The VITEK 2 is an automated microbiology system utilizing growth-based technology.The system is available in three formats (VITEK 2 compact, VITEK 2, and VITEK 2 XL) thatdiffer in increasing levels of capacity and automation. Figure 1 shows the VITEK 2compact system. All three systems accommodate the same colorimetric reagent cards

that are incubated and interpreted automatically. The reagent cards have 64 wells that can each contain an individual test substrate.

Substrates measure various metabolic activities such as acidification, alkalinization,enzyme hydrolysis, and growth in the presence of inhibitory substances.

An optically clear film present on both sides of the card allows for the appropriate levelof oxygen transmission while maintaining a sealed vessel that prevents contact with theorganism-substrate admixtures.

Each card has a pre-inserted transfer tube used for inoculation (described below). Cardshave bar codes that contain information on product type, lot number, expiration date,and a unique identifier that can be linked to the sample either before or after loadingthe card onto the system. Figure 2 shows the GN card.


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Anaerobic Chamber

Anaerobiasis is maintained in a gastight box or chamber by a

gas mixture containing or 80-90% Nitrogen(N2),5% Hydrogen

(H2), and 5-10% CO2 and by using a palladium catalyst.

Usually the system have a positive pressure inside the

chamber. The catalyst reduces the oxygen to water, thusremoving atmospheric oxygen from the chamber

Carbon di oxide is included because many anaerobes require

it for growth

Add anaerobic indicator to check the system how works well


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CLINITEK 500

The Clinitek 500 is a semi automated, bench top instrument

that performs urinalysis

Testing using Siemens Multistix 10 SG reagent strips.

The analyzer is a reflectance photometer that analyzes the

color and intensity of the light reflected from the reagent area

and displays the results in clinically meaningful units.

No calculations are required.

The Siemens Multistix 10 SG reagent strip includes testing

areas for glucose, bilirubin,ketones, specific gravity, pH,

protein, urobilinogen, nitrite, hemoglobin and leukocyte

esterase.


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LabUMat-UriSedUrinalysisAnalyzer

The LabUMat test strip analyzer and UriSed microscopic sediment analyzer bothmanufactured by 77 Elektronika

Since all necessary measurements which have to be done on urine

samples analyze completed by this integrated system in one process,

combination of LabUMat and UriSed accelerates laboratory

throughput and provides the most effective and reliable solution for

complete and professional urine analysis.

The LabUMat is an automated desktop instrument designed for high

volume urine test strip reading

Automated test tube handling and test strip dipping

The URISED is a professional urine sediment analyzer detecting urine particles inurine sediment with high accuracy.

This instrument performs sample preparation, takes several pictures of eachsample through its built-in microscope and evaluates them using the UriSedEvaluation Module .

which is a high quality image processing software


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BACTEC MGIT960

The BACTEC MGIT 960 System is designed for the rapid

detection of mycobacteria in all types of clinical specimens

except blood and urine. (Each tube contains Modified

Middlebrook 7H9 Broth Base, Casein peptone )

The system includes a liquid culture medium (BBL MGIT

Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube), a growth supplement

and an antibiotic mixture (BBL MGIT PANTA

The BACTEC MGIT Growth Supplement provides

substances essential for the growth of mycobacteria.

BBL MGIT PANTA contains a mixture of antimicrobial agents

used to suppress the growth of contaminating bacteria.


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A fluorescent compound is embedded in silicone on the bottom ofeach of the BBL MGIT broth tubes. This compound is sensitive tothe presence of oxygen dissolved in the broth.

Initially, the large amount of dissolved oxygen quenches theemissions from the compound and little fluorescence can bedetected. Later, actively respiring microorganisms consume theoxygen and allow the fluorescence to be detected.

The BACTEC MGIT 960 System monitors the tubes for increasingfluorescence. Analysis of the fluorescence is used to determine ifthe tube is instrument-positive; i.e., the test sample contains viable

organisms. Culture tubes which remain negative for a minimum of42 days (up to 56 days) and which show no visible signs of positivityare removed from the instrument as negatives.

BACTEC MGIT960


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Fluorescence microscope

A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope used tostudy properties of organic or inorganic substances using the

phenomena of fluorescence instead of, or in addition to,

reflection and absorption.[

In fluorescence microscopy, the sample you want to study is

itself the light source. The technique is used to study

specimens, which can be made to fluoresce.

The fluorescence microscope is based on the phenomenon

that certain material emits energy detectable as visible lightwhen irradiated with the light of a specific wavelength.


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The sample can either be treated with fluorescing chemicals.

The Sample Gets ExcitedThe basic task of the fluorescence microscope is to let

excitation light radiate the specimen and then sort out the

much weaker emitted light to make up the image. First, the

microscope has a filter that only lets through radiation with

the desired wavelength that matches your fluorescing

material. The radiation collides with the atoms in your

specimen and electrons are excited to a higher energy level.When they relax to a lower level, they emit light.


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To become visible, the emitted light is separated from the

much brighter excitation light in a second filter. Here, the fact

that the emitted light is of lower energy and has a longer

wavelength is used. The fluorescing areas can be observed in

the microscope and shine out against a dark background withhigh contrast.

Fluorescence microscopy is a rapid expanding technique, both

in the medical and biological sciences. The technique has

made it possible to identify cells and cellular components witha high degree of specificity.


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Principle of Fluorescence

1. Energy is absorbed by the atom whichbecomes excited.2. The electron jumps to a higher energy level.3. Soon, the electron drops back to the groundstate, emitting a photon (or a packet of light) -

the atom is fluorescing.


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Biosafety cabinet

A biosafety cabinet (BSC), biological safety cabinet, ormicrobiological safety cabinet is an enclosed, ventilatedworkspace for safely working with materials contaminatedwith (or potentially contaminated with) pathogens in the

laboratory. Several different types exist, differentiated by thespecifics of construction.

The primary purpose of a BSC is to serve as the primarymeans to protect the laboratory worker and the surroundingenvironment from pathogens. All exhaust air is HEPA-filtered

as it exits the biosafety cabinet, removing harmful bacteriaand viruses. This is in contrast to a laminar flow clean bench,which blows unfiltered exhaust air towards the user and is notsafe for work with pathogenic agents.[
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosafety_cabinethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosafety_cabinet


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Biosafety cabinet

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

classifies BSCs into three classes. These classes and the types

of BSCs within them are distinguished in two ways: the level

of personnel and environmental protection provided and the

level of product protection provided.

Class I cabinets provide personnel and environmental

protection but no product protection

Class II cabinets provide both kinds of protection (of the

samples and of the environment) since makeup air is alsoHEPA-filtered.


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Presentation on Instruments Used in Microbiologyedited on 26032012 (1)