Presentation PBL 2003

7/31/2019 Presentation PBL 2003

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MEMBERS MATRIC NUMBER

GROUP: CEMPAKA PUTIH2


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Presenting to you..

OUR PROBLEM BASEDLEARNING

( SUPERWOMAN UNDERPRESSURE)


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NO. FACTS IDEAS LEARNING ISSUES ACTION

1.Her son weight was

2.1 kg

Cempaka cannot adaptto the new environment.

What types of chemicalsubstances inenvironment that canaffect pregnant woman?

Searchinginternet andbiology book.

Her son lacks of nutritionwhen he was born.

How the nutrition intakeof mother affect theinfant?

Her son was bornprematurely.

What are the causes ofpremature baby?

Cempaka did not haveproper food intake duringpregnancy.

Why proper intake offood is essential forpregnant woman?

Cempaka has diseases,disorders and bad habitsduring pregnancy.

What are the commontype of diseases,disorders and bad habits

those bring to low-weighbaby born?

SUPERWOMAN UNDER PRESSUREFILA CHART


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Click to edit Master subtitle style

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WHAT TYPES OF CHEMICALSUBSTANCES IN ENVIRONMENTTHAT CAN AFFECT PREGNANT

WOMEN?

LEAD MERCURY

ARSENIC PESTICIDES ANDPOLLUTION

FACTORS

1 2

3 4

1


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LEAD1

Is the metal that found for many years ingasoline and house paint

Poses health risks for everybody withyoung children and unborn baby at

greatest rate

Exposure to high level of lead duringpregnancy contribute to:

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

PRETERM BIRTH INFANTDEVELOPMENT

DELAYMISCARRIAGE


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Some ceramicdishes

Lead crystalglassware

Some arts andcrafts supplies

Cosmeticsmaterial

SOURCES OFLEAD INHOME


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MERCURY2

Elemental (pure) mercury and methylmercuryare two forms of mercury that may also pose

risks in pregnancy.

Source of mercury: Dental amalgam is a silver-coloredmaterial used to fill cavities in teeth.

Source of methylmercury: Methylmercury formed whenmercury in the air is deposited in water.

Comes from natural sources (such as volcanoes)and man-made sources (such as burning

coal and other industrial pollution).


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ARSENIC3

Enter the environment through naturalsources(weathering of rock and forest fires)

and man-made sources(mining andelectronics manufacturing).

Increase risk of pregnancy complications, includingmiscarriage and birth defects.

Sources:

Agricultural areas Live near hazardouswaste sites


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PESTICIDES ANDPOLLUTION

FACTORS

4

Pregnant women also must reduce themselvesto pesticide and pollution factors

They can reduce the outdoor activities


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MALNUTRITION?

HOW THE NUTRITIONINTAKE OF MOTHER

AFFECTS THEINFANT?

UNDERWEIGHTPREGNANTWOMEN?

OBESE PREGNANTWOMEN?

PLACENTA?EFFECTS OFMALNUTRITION TOMOTHER AND

INFANT?

PHASES OF

MALNUTRITION?

1

2

3

6

5

4

2


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MALNUTRITION?1

The condition that developed when?

Body does not get the right enough amount ofvitamins, minerals and other nutrients

Needed to maintain healthy tissues and organfunctions


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PHASES OF

MALNUTRITION?

2

DURING PREGNANCY EARLY CHILDHOOD

DURING LACTATION


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EFFECTS OF MALNUTRITIONTO MOTHER AND INFANT?

3

LOW BIRTHWEIGHT

WEAKIMMUNESYSTEM

POORGROWTH

RATE

GREATER

RISK TOILLNESS

LOWSTAMINA

LEVEL

LOW IQLESS

HEIGHT DEATH

PREMATUREDELIVERY

HARDLABOR

BIRTHDEFECTS


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PLACENTA?4

Is the metabolic organ with about 60 sets of enzymes, hormones,nutrients, protein molecules

Less mother nutrients' stores cause unwell-developed placenta

Transfer into the fetal bloodstream

Fetus does not gain optimal nourishment thus unable to reach fullpotential, low weight, and exposed to health risks


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OBESE PREGNANTWOMEN?

5

The infant always bigger than the normal baby, born late and mightbe large in size even born prematurely

Often suffer gestational diabetes, hypertension and infections afterbirth

The birth also requires drugs or surgical intervention

Advised to take essential nutrients from nutrient-dense foods andgood quality supplement


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UNDERWEIGHTPREGNANT WOMEN?

6

Fail to gain adequate weight during pregnancy

Leads to unavoidable health problems of baby and most die in first

year of life

Low birth weight baby (less than 2500g) at full-term

Mother are advised to consume extra amount of nutrition to gainideal weight


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NUTRITIONS FOOD TYPE FUNCTIONS

Carbohydrates, fats and proteins Bread, potatoes, pasta, corn, rice, whole grain.

Oils, butter, nuts. Meat, eggs, fish, bean.

Babys growing, stimulate milk production

for lactation.

Fiber Whole grain breads, rice, pasta, fruits, vegetables

and cereals.

Reduce constipation during pregnancy

Calcium Calcium-rich milk At least 4 serving per day

(1000-1300mg). Forms baby and mother

skeleton and teeth.

Iron Broccoli, spinach, whole grain bread. Provide body with extra blood needed for

placenta and baby. Supply babys ion

stores needed in the liver.

Vitamin C and A Oranges, strawberry, papaya, broccoli, green

pepper, grapefruits (vitamin C). Spinach, carrots,

sweet potatoes, pumpkins (vitamin A).

VitC- helps to develop cells, grow teeth

and bones.

Vit A-forms new tissues and connective

tissues and help mother to absorb iron.

Folic acid/ vitamin B9 Green vegetables, orange juice, barley beans,

rice and peas.

Development of babys nervous system,

prevent neural tube defects and congenital

malformation in baby.

Prenatal vitamin supplement Increase the amount of vitamins and

minerals or required nutrients.

Must consult a doctor.


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WHAT ARE THE

CAUSES OFPREMATURE BABY?

3


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WHAT IS THE

PREMATURE BABY?

q Pregnancy normally lasts about 40 weeks.q A baby born 3 or more weeks early ispremature.q Babies who are born closer to 32 weeks (justover 7 months) may not be able to eat, breathe,or stay warm on their own.q Babies born earlier than 26 weeks (just under 6months) are the most likely to have serious

problems.q Doctors and nurses often call premature babies"preemies."

?


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CAUSES OF

PREMATUREBABY

PROBLEMSWITH THE

PLACENTA

PREGNANCYWITH TWIN OR

MORE

USE DRUGAND ALCOHOL

DURING

PREGNANCY

PROBLEMSWITH UTERUS

OR CERVIX


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PROBLEMS WITH THEPLACENTA

?Placenta abruption :

Placenta abruption is the process in which theplacenta peels away from the uterine wall

It will increased the potential for a mother to havepremature birth

10 percent of placenta abruption has causepremature birth

Immediate delivery by inducing labor or cesareanbirth. The drug of corticosteroids will be used to helpthe babys lung become matured and reduce the riskof infant death.


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USE DRUG AND ALCOHOLDURING PREGNANCY

?Malformations of developing fetuss body

such as heart.

Alcohol also will breaks down chemically

to a cell-damaging compound that is readilyabsorbed by the fetus.

Bodys cant eliminate the dangeroussubstances as effectively the mothers bodydoes.

Actually the effect to pregnancy happendue to the type of drugs used by mother,but in general taking drugs can lead to thepremature birth.


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PROBLEMS WITH UTERUS ORCERVIX

?Weakened cervix

Softens late in pregnancy and beginsto dilate when contractions begin.

Baby grows and begins to push onthe cervix, it begins to open too early,before the baby is ready to be born.

An usual shape of uterus

Not be able to expand larger as the fetusgrows up.

The birth occur without waiting for theright time.


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PREGNANCY WITH TWIN ORMORE

?Limited space that they have in

their mummys tommy.

If they still grow up untilcompletely, it is impossible for theirmother to support their body size in

just one tummy.


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Why proper intake of foodis essential for pregnant

woman?

4


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Scientific fact that the nutritional status ofthe pregnant woman will affects the outcomeof pregnancy.

Increased risk for infant death ordevelopment disabilities.

Body will undergoes many changes to allowfor the growth of fetus.


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Mother need to consume a diet rich invegetables, fruit and whole gains.

Take a daily vitamin and mineralsupplement to guarantee adequate intake of

iron and folic acid.

Take lots of fibre and increase fluid in thebody to avoid constipation.


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Constipation not just uncomfortable but itlead to reduced appetite and food intakethose will have nutritional consequences

Fetus does not get enough nutrition for it

growth and causing it lack of nutrition and lowweight when he was born


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BREASTMILK PROVIDE:

right nutrients in the right proportionbetter digestion, stimulate bowel function,

movement, hormone and enzyme production.enhance healthy population of micro-

organisms(bowel flora)

good growth rateless illness

AS THE COUNSELORs OF UNIVERSITY OFLONDON INTERNATIONAL OFFICE, WE

SUGGEST:

BREASTFEDHER BABY

1


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fewer infections and allergic problems (ex: pneumonia,ear infection, asthma, eczema)

higher development and intelligence test resultsbetter visual development and eyesightreduce risk of stop-breathing attackreduce convulsionsreduce unexplained cot death

BRING HER SON FOR FURTHER MEDICAL HELPS

2

TAKE ADEQUATE AMOUNT OF NUTRITION FOR HIGH-NUTRITIONAL LACTATION.3

SHE SHOULD PROVIDE SUITABLE ENVIRONMENTS FORSONS PROPER GROWTH4


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FOR YOUR ATTENTIONS,COOPERATIONS,KINDNESS ANDEVALUATIONS.

THANKS:

Documents

Presentation PBL 2003