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Kontrol Technology is a philosophy as well as set of proprietary innovationsapplied throughout research, development and production develoedby Hankook Tire to ensure controlled driving experiences.
Presents : The Dummies’ Guide to Tires
P a r T . 1Tire History, Tire Design, Tire Technology
P a r T . 2 Your Tires, and the Technology Inside
Your Tires and Performance
Your Tires, Safety and the Weather
Your Tires and Comfort
Your Tires and the Environment
Your Tires : Purchasing and Care
04
20
22
24
30
32
37
conTenTs
Everything You Wanted to Know about those round, rubber Things at the Corners of Your Car – But didn’t Know Who to ask
Kontrol Technology
Part .1+Tire History, Tire Design, Tire Technology
Why is it round,
rubber and black?
Why is it round? Er...that’s pretty self-
explanatory when you think about it:
a triangular tire would give you a
pretty rough driving experience! It
is rubber because, of all materials,
rubber offers the greatest blend
of elasticity and durability, while
still able to contain a cushion of
inflated air. and it is black because
of the carbon black, a chemical
originating in crude oil that is used in
First tell me…
what is a tire exactly?
It is that round, black, rubber thing
with a hole in the middle that you
will see on the four corners of your
car where it contacts the road. Tires
fit round the wheels of vehicles –
everything from bicycles to super-
trucks, from passenger cars to
airliners.
And it is black
because of the
carbon black,
a chemical
originating in
crude oil that
is used in the
material mixing
process.
O&A.1 O&A.2
the material mixing process.
How long have tires
been around…?
The word “tire” originates in the
15th century, long before the
automobile era: It comes from
the word "tie" or “attire” referring
to the outer steel ring part of a
wooden cart wheel that ties all
the wooden segments together.
rubber became a material for tires
after 1839, when american John
Goodyear invented the process
of vulcanizing rubber – ie mixing
rubber with chemical ingredients,
dramatically upgrading its durability
and elasticity.
“Pneumatic” - ie inflatable
- tires were introduced in the UK
for bicycles in 1888: the Scottish
when American
John Goodyear
invented the
process of
vulcanizing
rubber – ie
mixing rubber
with chemical
ingredients,
dramatically
upgrading its
durability and
elasticity.
inventor John Dunlop developed
them because his son, who rode a
bicycle, suffered headaches from
vibration. This was a significant
advance: a sausage ful l of air
interfacing between your vehicle
and the road grants a h igh ly
beneficial shock absorbing effect.
Tires with grooves – to improve
traction and water drainage - were
invented in 1908.
“ B a l l o o n t i r e s ” w e r e
i n t r o d u c e d t o t h e n a s c e n t
automobile industry in the early
1920s. “Tubeless t i res ” were
developed early in the century,
but were only commercial ized
in the 1950s; these tires, used
butyl rubber, which has excellent
air sealing properties, instead of
conventional inner tubes. Today,
the most common type of t ire
globally for passenger cars is the
O&A.3
06 +
07
Kontrol Technology < T I P
Tubeless tire was created in order to protect the driver and car from accidents caused by tire puncture when driving in high speed. Instead of tubes, this tire consists of specialized inner liner that has low air permeability so air doesn’t leak from the tire and rim. So when a nail penetrates the tire, air doesn’t immediately leave the tire even when driving. There’s also tubeless tire that attached cement that seals well and have high tenacity inside inner liner to prevent rapid air leakage.
Tube Tire
Tube Iiner-liner
Tube valve Rim valve
Tubeless Tire
So, tires are pretty-
low tech products,
presumably…?
Low tech? What! Low tech!
(Splutter) Let me tell you a few
things! T ire manufacturing is
technology-intensive! It requires
facilities, machinery, materials, fluid
materials and a high understanding
of polymer science – including
giant molecules – simply to make
a single tire! Hankook Tires r&D
Center engineers leverage some
very high technologies indeed:
“radial tire ,” which originated in
Europe in the 1946: This builds
on all the advances above, but
has reinforcing ply cords that are
laid at 90 degrees around the tire
circumference- ie in the direction
of travel - rather than at an angle,
which is the case with “bias tires.”
radial tires prevent these plies
rubbing against each other, so
reducing roll ing resistance and
improving fuel economy. They are
the most common type of tires
used in passenger vehicles today.
Hankook Tires
R&D Center
engineers
leverage some
very high
technologies
indeed
Our researchers look into inside
tires with laser beams like X-rays;
during noise testing they use
an anechoic chamber that is as
sophisticated as a recording studio;
we have even invented a gadget
that converts noise levels into color
graphs, literally turning audio to
visual …and this is just the testing
process! a tire is comprised of 60
different materials, and I haven’t
even mentioned materials mixing
– the blending of the compounds
of rubber and silica that make
up a tire, or tread optimization,
or….”low-tech” indeed!
the blending of
the compounds
of rubber and
silica that
make up a
tire, or tread
optimization,
or….”low-
tech” indeed!
So what is a tire
composed of? I thought it
was just a tube of air…
a tire’s composition is dictated by
its function – which is multiple. It
supports the weight of the vehicle;
it transmits the vehicle’s propulsion
and braking; i t maintains or
changes the vehicle’s direction;
and it cushions impact. So let’s
look at a tire - from the inside out.
The innermost core of a tire is inner
liner; which is the actual container
of air. However, this container of air
cannot maintain the high pressure
needed to maintain a vehicle’s
weight, and is not strong enough
to withstand the various impacts a
vehicle meets on the road by itself,
so is surrounded by a carcass, a
layer of protective, supportive
08 +
09
O&A.5O&A.4
Part .1+Tire History, Tire Design, Tire Technology
Kontrol Technology < T I P
We did not merely decrease the noise. We went out and considered the characteristics of human hearing system. We provide new simulation technology in sophisticated driving environment to minimize noise level. • Tested Product : 215/60R16 • Tested in anechoic chamber.
of the tread is the shoulder. The
outer part of the tire which actually
comes into contact with the road
– the footprint, if you will - is made
of a thick, rubber compound that
is tough enough to withstand wear
and tear: This is the tread.
material.
Next is the steel belt, a layer
of steel cord coated with rubber
or other durable material between
the carcass and the exterior of the
tire; it supports the carcass and
ensures rigidity at the sidewall,
where the car’s driving and braking
are applied.
The bead, composed of
bead wire, is the part of the tire
that attaches to a vehicle’s wheel
rim, forming the “backbone” of
the sidewall. The flange between
the sidewall and the flat surface
he steel belt,
a layer of steel
cord coated
with rubber or
other durable
material
between the
carcass and
the exterior
of the tire; it
supports the
carcass and
ensures rigidity
at the sidewall,
where the
car’s driving
and braking
are applied.
Well that’s interesting,
but come on – a tire is a
pretty minor component of
a car, isn’t it?
Well that’s interesting, but come on
– a tire is a pretty minor component
of a car, isn’t it?
absolutely not! a tire is critical: It
is your car’s footprint on the road
surface. To make a comparison:
Shoes are a walkers’ interface with
the ground, and are recognized
as important by everyone from
fashionistas to athletes. People -
quite rightly – invest both time and
money when it comes to choosing
their shoes. Tires are even more
critical: While tires may not be as
fashionable as shoes – or cars,
for that matter – a motor vehicle
moves at much higher speeds than
a pedestrian, for much greater
distances, over, for example, ice,
potholes and hot or wet tarmac.
While tires
may not be as
fashionable as
shoes – or cars,
for that matter
– a motor
vehicle moves
at much higher
speeds than a
pedestrian, for
much greater
distances, over,
for example,
ice, potholes
and hot or
wet tarmac.
There are very
significant
safety issues
when it comes
to tires.
There are very significant safety
issues when it comes to tires.
I see. What are the main issues
in tire design? ★ Now you are
talking. First we need to discuss
materials…
Materials? I thought a tire was
made of rubber? ★ No, no, this
is a common misconception. You
have got fabric in there, a steel
belt…and we haven’t even talked
about rubber yet. The different
O&A.6
10 +
11
Part .1+Tire History, Tire Design, Tire Technology
Kontrol Technology < T I P
Tread: is the part that touches the surface and consists of thick rubber layers. It’s strong against shock to prevent tire’s inner carcass and belt levels and use rubbers strong against inner and outer wear to lengthen the life span of the tire.
Tread
lower level rubber
Bead core
Air sealed
Belt
Carcass
Specialized safetyrubber
Rim ValveBead base
Bead hill
Side wall
Shoulder
So in the future we could make
multicolored tires? ★ Theoretically
yes, but realistically, no – at least
nowadays. Carbon black remains
a must to meet the basic functions
of tires under today’s technology. In
fact, carbon black was only added
to tires in 1910; before, tires were
gray or white. So tomorrow – who
knows?
What are the key
aspects of a tire that affect
its function?
There are three things: rubber
compounds and tire structure –
we have already mentioned these.
Then there is tread pattern…
You mean the outer surface of the
tire and the grooves cut into it? ★
Yes. The reason we carve grooves
Tire enhances safety with top-
quality silica compound technology.
So there are different
kinds of rubber?
Certainly. Today, we use both
natural and synthetic rubbers;
most tires use at least 15 rubber
compounds. Natura l rubber
has the best e last ic i ty and
strength and operates better
rubber and chemical compounds
have to be balanced for elasticity,
durabi l i ty, cost-effect iveness,
environmental friendliness, and
so on. and different types of
tires require different types of
compounds. Currently, silica is
winning plaudits as an alternative
material for environmentally friendly
tire. Silica maintains elasticity at low
temperature, enabling the creation
of tires with better ground contact
and breaking capabilities. Hankook
Hankook Tire
enhances
safety with top-
quality silica
compound
technology.
at high temperatures. among
synthetics, butyl rubber is better
at preventing air from escaping
from the tire. Synthetic rubbers
are more consistent to work with
than naturally supplied rubbers
– which are agricultural products
– and give better stability traction
enhancement. So we use a mix.
But all tires
are black – right?
right. We don’t produce purple tires
with pink spots because, as I said,
a key ingredient in the chemical mix
is carbon black, which comes from
crude oil. This is what gives a tire its
color, though that is not why we use
it! Its raison d’etre is to strengthen
the rubber compounds: Carbon
black makes tire rubber stronger
and more stable.
We don’t
produce purple
tires with pink
spots because,
as I said, a key
ingredient in
the chemical
mix is carbon
black, which
comes from
crude oil. This
is what gives
a tire its color,
though that
is not why
we use it! Its
raison d’etre is
to strengthen
the rubber
compounds:
Carbon
black makes
tire rubber
stronger and
more stable
12 +
13
O&A.7
O&A.8O&A.9
Part .1+Tire History, Tire Design, Tire Technology
Kontrol Technology < T I P
an adaptation of new materials for fuel efficiency and new mixture technology that scatters reinforcing agents such as silica to nano-scale were applied together to create a new technology that satisfies both grip on wet ground and fuel efficiency.
Silica
Fused body
Receiver(OH)
tire stiffness. recently, customers
are getting more interested in
groove patterns , so many choose
asymmetric grooved tires to enjoy
the look as well as the function. The
fewer the grooves, the higher the
stiffness of the block, which makes
high-speed driving easier, but less
stable, and less water resistant.
So a racing car has a rectangular
tire profile– for tight handling – and
minimal grooves for maximum
speed in dry conditions. But this is
an extreme example: all tires, even
those for common passenger cars,
are a complex trade-off between all
the above factors.
into treads – the circumference of
the tire that makes contact with
the road - is to cope with changes
in weather conditions. asymmetric
grooves are patterns that have
different groove designs for the
inner and outer parts of the tire.
The inner part of the tire has a
groove that is better for draining,
while the groove at the outside
of the tire is better for handling;
together these contribute to safer
driving on wet roads. Directional
pattern grooves are carved in the
direction of driving. Here, cross-way
grooves are carved in the direction
of driving for drainage, while the
outside groove is designed with
relatively bigger blocks, to enhance
The reason
we carve
grooves into
treads – the
circumference
of the tire that
makes contact
with the road
- is to cope
with changes
in weather
conditions.
And of course different
groove patterns in the
treads have various pros
and cons.
And there are different ways to
cut grooves, right..? ★
right! Now you are talking sense.
Vehicles start, stop and steer via
friction with the road surface. Tire
grooves are designed to deal with
different required performances.
For example, wide lateral grooves
enhance performance by preventing
hydroplaning on wet roads. On
the other hand, wide block helps
handling and grip for both vertical
The rib-type
tread pattern,
commonly
found on
passenger
cars, offers
low rolling
resistance
and heat
generation,
high resistance
to side
slippage, good
steering and
safety, but
has relatively
lower braking.
and lateral strength. a tire has to
strike the right balance between
good dry traction, resistance
to wear, and low noise. The rib-
type tread pattern, commonly
found on passenger cars, offers
low rolling resistance and heat
generation, high resistance to
side slippage, good steering and
safety, but has relatively lower
braking. On the other hand, the
deeper, more elaborate treads
found on winter tires, grab into
soft snow when braking. We have
developed “cross-blocks” cut at
angles across the tire surface that
14 +
15
O&A.10
Part .1+Tire History, Tire Design, Tire Technology
research Facility. The first proving
ground is G’trac , a 200,000
square meter facility completed in
2005. On this, we check handling
– as well as braking, ride comfort,
noise and so on. Then we have the
70,000 square meter wet handling
circuit, G’trac aqua, which was
built in 2007. On this, we can
replicate different regional weather
condit ions found in di fferent
countries. Our research team goes
through three steps to design a
tire: interpreting human feelings as
they relate to vehicle movements;
correlating the movements to ideal
tire characteristics; then subsuming
those characteristics to realistic
tire design parameters. This three-
stage process helps engineers
to conduct systematic analysis,
incorporating findings about human
feeling into the actual tire design.
are like a shark’s interlocking teeth:
These “bite” into ice on a road. So
a block tread has good propulsion
and braking, and better steering in
snow and mud, but wears fast on
normal roads and has high rolling
resistance.
How do you evaluate
tires?
We first go through simulation
tests with our super computer,
manufacture actual tires, then move
on to car tests. We have a range of
objective tests – using formulae,
machinery, sensors and so on –
and subjective tests – using actual
test drivers. In our r&D Center
in Daejeon, South Korea, we do
many kinds of tests on our own
dedicated test tracks. We have two
major test tracks at our Daejeon
interpreting
human feelings
as they relate
to vehicle
movements;
correlating the
movements
to ideal tire
characteristics;
then
subsuming
those
characteristics
to realistic
tire design
parameters.
What is
‘Kontrol Technology?’
Hankook Tire’s essential tire design
concept is “Kontrol Technology”
- rol led out in 2008. Kontrol
Technology is our branded tire
design philosophy. It is not simply a
set of proprietary tire technologies
– though it certainly includes
them – it is an r&D roadmap for
applying innovation. We establish
the benefits that customers want
and need, develop technologies
used in research, and apply those
technologies to the tire design
process. Under the Kontro l
Technology rubric, the four key
priorities in tire design are:
ankook Tire’s
essential tire
design concept
is “Kontrol
Technology”
- rolled out in
2008. Kontrol
Technology is
our branded
tire design
philosophy. It
is not simply
a set of
proprietary tire
technologies
– though
it certainly
includes them
– it is an R&D
roadmap
for applying
innovation.
Performance This relates to
handling, traction, stability and
durability under all conditions. Tests
and computing simulations play a
key role in optimizing this factor.
Safety By ensuring that the
integrity, design and material
composition of tires remain true
when most needed, critical factors
such as braking and handling in
wet weather are guaranteed. This
requires advanced engineering and
testing under tough conditions.
16 +
17
Performance Safety
O&A.11
O&A.12
Part .1+Tire History, Tire Design, Tire Technology
Kontrol Technology < T I P
Test Drives consist of objective one that use equations, machines, and sensors and subjective one performed by the real driver. Hankook Tire has two test tracks in Geumsan Plant.
Comfort
T h a t i s q u i t e a
mouthful. But why is it
Kontrol not Control? Your
copywriter can’t spell…?
No! We believe our tires give
our customers the best possible
control over their vehicles: The
‘K’ in “Kontrol’ denotes ‘Kinetic’
for a tire is a car’s footprint: We
are responsible for providing the
interface between driver, car and
road. The K not only differentiates
the brand, it also emphasizes the
importance of tires, which are often
overlooked by car buyers.
The ‘K’ in
“Kontrol’
denotes
‘Kinetic’ for a
tire is a car’s
footprint: We
are responsible
for providing
the interface
between driver,
car and road.
The K not only
differentiates
the brand,
it also
emphasizes
the importance
of tires, which
are often
overlooked by
car buyers.
Environment
Comfort By reducing noise,
vibration and harshness, stress
is removed from the dr iv ing
experience. This is achieved by
in-depth analyses of these different
factors in different road conditions.
Environment This covers mileage
and fuel efficiency. These areas
require considerable research and
development, and benefit not only
the environment, but also the driver,
who ends up spending less on fuel.
18 +
19
O&A.13
What are the particular
strengths of Kontrol
Technology?
We believe we have three core
strengths in t i re design and
manufacturing. One: We have
excellent silica compounds that
reduce rolling resistance without
comprom is i ng pe r fo rmance
functions. Two: We have a wide
We believe we
have three core
strengths in
tire design and
manufacturing.
range of s imulat ion faci l i t ies
optimizing tire construction by
replicating different road conditions.
Three: We have state-of-the-
art test facilities, reflecting real
driving conditions to maximize tire
performance. We will talk about
these in more detail when we look
at the technology that goes into
your tires.
O&A.14
Part .1+Tire History, Tire Design, Tire Technology
Kontrol Technology < T I P
Kontrol technology optimizes four factors (performance, safety, comfort, and environment) consumers focus on when selecting high quality tire to provide various driving benefits.
Part .2+Your Tires and the Technology Inside _ Your Tires and Performance
and in wet and dry conditions.
To ensure sensitive handling –
that is, steering – in dry and wet
conditions, an equalized footprint
pressure distribution is essential.
Performance is determined by the
harmony between the car and the
driver, therefore the matching of the
car to the tire is critical.
Your Tires and Performance
What are the key
performance indicators for
a tire?
The key issues for a non-specialized
driver are how his or her vehicle
reacts when cornering, when
changing lanes, at different speeds
Performance is
determined by
the harmony
between the
car and the
driver, therefore
the matching of
the car to the
tire is critical.
How do you deliver
good performance?
a lot of technologies are used in
the pre-manufacturing stage. Our
Optimized Contact Patch (OCP)
technology is a design system that
uses computer simulations which
analyze the tire’s footprint on the
road under many different driving
conditions: This simulation divides
the tire into minute cubes and
interprets how much force each
cube receives. The width of the
tire tread on the road is critical: The
broader and more evenly spread
this footprint is, the better, in terms
of handing, safety and wear. Just as
the breadth of a dinosaur’s footprint
determines its size, so a tire’s
contact with the road determines
i ts opt imal handl ing qual i ty.
another simulation technology is
Virtual Handling System (VHS) -
A lot of
technologies
are used
in the pre-
manufacturing
stage. Our
Optimized
Contact
Patch (OCP)
technology
is a design
system that
uses computer
simulations
which analyze
the tire’s
footprint
on the road
under many
different driving
conditions
a robotic engineering system that
enables us to test drive actual
cars inside the lab, so predicting
driving performance. Suspension
Performance Characterization
(SPC) is a method that uses
a machine customari ly used
only by automakers, but which
Kontrol Technology engineers
use to integrate the suspension
characteristics of certain cars
with tires, so aligning the vehicle
closely with the tire. By using infra-
red measurements and computer
profiling, we can see exactly how
a tire interfaces with a road surface
at various speeds.
Enough science! How
does this research manifest
in tire design?
In our Ventus S1 evo tire , we
O&A.16
22 +
23
O&A.17
【 】
O&A.15
Kontrol Technology < T I P
We’ve predicted the status of tire when in contact with the surface through FE Simulation and improved comfort and safety through contact shape and stiffness analysis. FE Simulation
ActualFoot print shape
Control Contour Theory (SCCT).
This allows us to research how to
maintain optimal ground contact.
The profile of the tire is tested using
Dynamic Profile Control Technology
( D P C T ) w h i c h m i n i m i z e s
deformation in a tire’s profile by
recreating and analyzing a tire’s
external shape. also, a range of
techniques such as Stone Ejection
Technology (SET) are built into the
tires to improve safety. SET works
by stepping the grooves, so stones
cannot penetrate deep into the tire.
How do a l l these
elements come together in
an actual tire?
Take our Ventus V12 evo ultra-
high performance tire. This has a
reinforced solid center rib block
Your Tires, Safety and the Weather
What are the safety
elements of a tire?
First and foremost is traction
on the road surface – ie the
prevention of skidding – and
braking performance; braking,
for obvious reasons, is one of
the most important functions of a
car and a tire. Traction and brake
performance can be enhanced by
the material of the tire, the rigidity
of the tire, the profile of the tire and
the grooves in the tire. To maximize
braking performance, an optimal
combination of longitudinal stiffness
of the pattern block in the tread
with the tire’s actual footprint on
the road is the key. The rigidity
of the tire is analyzed using a
mathematical formula: Stiffness
ensure handling with a combination
of high-density nylon reinforced
belt and steel belt to ensure
distribution of pressure at high
speeds. The Ventus r-s3 ultra-
high performance tire offers an
extra-wide center block for better
steering sensitivity, and also has
treads that are 3 percent wider than
conventional tires, assuring greater
traction. Uniform circumferential
block stiffness improves surface
contact. The high density nylon and
steel belts inside the tire ensure
distribution of pressure at high
speeds, while its multi-tread radius
gives the tire a balanced contact
pressure, preventing distortion.
The high
density nylon
and steel
belts inside
the tire ensure
distribution
of pressure at
high speeds,
while its multi-
tread radius
gives the tire
a balanced
contact
pressure,
preventing
distortion.
he material of
the tire – High
Grip Silica
Compound,
or HGSC -
also improves
braking
performance.
And the Ventus
S1 evo has
a 3D groove
pattern in its
profile that
increases grip
and cornering
on dry
surfaces. This
pattern also
enhances the
integrity of the
tire structure.
running around the circumference
o f t he t i re t ha t imp roves
longtitudinal stiffness, ensuring
braking at high speeds. Tests show
that this tire brakes at 28 meters on
wet roads at 80 km/h, compared
to conventional tires which brake
at 31 meters. On dry roads at
100 km/h, it permits drivers to
brake in 34 meters, as compared
to conventional tires which brake
at 36 meters. The material of the
tire – High Grip Silica Compound,
or HGSC - also improves braking
performance. and the Ventus S1
evo has a 3D groove pattern in
its profile that increases grip and
cornering on dry surfaces. This
pattern also enhances the integrity
of the tire structure.
24 +
25
O&A.18
O&A.19
【 】
Part .2+Your Tires and the Technology Inside _ Your Tires, Safety and the Weather
Kontrol Technology < T I P
Steer sensibility is high due to center block and frictional force is good as the tire’s tread is 3% wider than the ones in the past. Ground connection and control safety are maintained even when speed driving, providing the best handling quality.
Kontrol Technology < T I P
HGSC – The material of the tire is a special mixture of silica and carbon black, and this also improves driving capacity.
Kontrol Technology < T I P
4 straight forward grooves applied: We’ve maximized control in rain by applying 4 straight forward grooves that enhance abilities to move forward and safely discharge water.
tire; the tread patterns of the tire;
and the profile of the tire. Our aim
is to enhance water resistance and
maximize drainage. First let’s talk
the material. Kontrol Technology’s
High Gr ip S i l ica Compound
(HGSC) maximizes the interaction
between the silica and rubber
in the compound and actually
attracts water molecules on to the
tire tread, into the grooves, and
so disperses them away from the
road surface, meaning the tire
runs on the road, not the water.
We research how this is done with
our Hydro to Outstanding (H2O)
technology, a simulation and
testing system that tests a tire’s
reaction to water on the road
surface. The shape of the tire is
also important here: The narrower
the tire (such as motorcycle or
bicycle tires) the less chance of
H o w d o w e a t h e r
c o n d i t i o n s m a k e a
difference?
Good quest ion ; the i ssues
of skidding and braking are
complicated by weather. Firstly,
let’s talk wet weather. Hydroplaning
(also known as aquaplaning) is what
can happen when a car drives over
a screen of water at high speed
and the grooves cannot disperse
the water: The water resistance
actually lifts the tire off the ground
and onto the surface of the water.
This is very dangerous and causes
decontrol and accidents.
So how to deal with it?
a tire’s reaction to water on the
road is determined by three things:
the actual rubber compound of the
Kontrol
Technology’s
High Grip Silica
Compound
(HGSC)
maximizes the
interaction
between the
silica and
rubber in the
compound
and actually
attracts water
molecules
on to the tire
tread, into the
grooves, and
so disperses
them away
from the
road surface,
meaning the
tire runs on
the road, not
the water.
hydroplaning; the broader the tire
(such as on racing tires) the greater
the chance. The tires designed with
these technologies are tested on
our wet handling circuit; we also
have a special hydroplaning section
(straight and curves) built into the
G’trac proving ground.
I see. How are all
these technologies applied
to tires…?
as noted above, the compounds
from which the tire are constructed
make a difference: The Ventus
P r i m e 2 , f o r e x a m p l e , i s
constructed of HGSC. But what
actually channels the water away
from the tire footprint are the
grooves in the tread: Water always
finds gaps, and takes the path of
least resistance, so the grooves
But what
actually
channels the
water away
from the tire
footprint are
the grooves
in the tread:
Water always
finds gaps,
and takes the
path of least
resistance, so
the grooves in
a tire are rather
like irrigation
channels in a
farmers’ field.
in a tire are rather like irrigation
channels in a farmers’ field. There
are many different ways to design
a tire groove to do this to maximal
effect. For example, our Ventus V12
Evo has wide linear channels, and
running off of these like streams
from a valley, are y-shaped grooves
(offering two channels for the water
to take). The Ventus V2 has a
twister-shaped groove on the inside
of its treads, that jets water from
the tire surface even at high speed,
in the wettest conditions. The
enfren, our most environmentally
friendly tire, on the other hand,
deals with this problem by having
four linear grooves running around
the tread. Tests show that this
design allows better 26 percent
more contact area on the road in
wet conditions at 80 km/h than
do conventional tire types; as
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Part .2+Your Tires and the Technology Inside _ Your Tires, Safety and the Weather
Kontrol Technology < T I P
Hydroplaning, also known as aquaplaning is a phenomenon that when driving in a high speed, cars look as if they are running on the water surface, so the groove cannot disperse water. We’ve successfully accomplished excellent control with the best hydroplaning quality which came through numerous efforts such as the analysis of water discharge at the speed of 70~80km/hr.
lateral grooves, so snow or ice on
the road surface is compressed
up and into a firm pillar inside the
tread, creating resistance – this
is the basic principle of a winter
tire. Inside the tire tread, we have
kerfs – ie zig-zag patterns cut into
the surface. These kerfs have an
“edging” effect, maximizing snow
traction, and improving safety
and handling in wet conditions.
In traditional tires, kerfs are two-
dimensional: Kontrol Technology
has added a vertical shape to these
to make them three-dimensional –
what we call 3D Kerf Technology.
These kinds of kerfs, incidentally,
improve tire performance on dry
and wet, as well as snowy or icy
roads, having a positive effect
on traction, braking and lateral
grip. Moreover, they improve the
season tires need to handle this
at times, so snow handling is
built into design. The first issue
is tire compound: the silica tread
compound used in Winter i*Cept
evo has excellent wet grip, yet
also lowers rolling resistance. This
kind of rubber is mixed specifically
to remain flexible – ie not stiffen
up - and so maintain grip at
temperatures under 7 degrees
Celsius. Winter tires have deeper
and thicker grooves, including
a consequence, wet braking
performance is also improved 6
percent over conventional tires (at
100 km/h).
How about snow?
Snow, ice and slush are highly
problematic for drivers. While we
recommend specialized winter tires
like Winter i*Cept evo for those
countries that routinely experience
heavy snowfall, even basic all-
Winter tires
have deeper
and thicker
grooves,
including
lateral grooves,
so snow or ice
on the road
surface is
compressed up
and into a firm
pillar inside the
tread, creating
resistance –
this is the basic
principle of a
winter tire.
we have a
range of
technologies
for bus and
truck tires.
For example,
our Low
Deformation
Hump Strip
(LDHS) is
a special
compound that
minimizes tire
deformation
in bus and
truck tires.
strength of the tire blocks.
How about
specialized tires?
right , we have a range of
technologies for bus and truck tires.
For example, our Low Deformation
Hump Strip (LDHS) is a special
compound that minimizes tire
deformation in bus and truck tires.
Bead Innovation Contour Theory
(BICT) is a profiling formula that
identifies the optimum position of
the beads within the tire, increasing
durability and safety of bus and
truck tires. Then we have aBC
Co-efficient Technology (aFCT) ,
which optimizes stiffness and
performance of tires used on aBS
vehicles, reducing vibration and
improving braking capability.
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Part .2+Your Tires and the Technology Inside _ Your Tires, Safety and the Weather
Kontrol Technology < T I P ❶ 3D Kerf Kerf(serrated wheel shape) shape is engraved inside the tire tread while the zigzag shape is engraved on the surface.❷ 3D blade in mold Tire quality is improved on snow, ice, and general wet and dry grounds so friction, drive, side grip is affected positively.
1 2
Your Tires and Comfort
What defines comfort?
Obviously, a tire is a sausage of air
that minimizes the impact between
ground and car, and drivers and
passengers are highly sensitive
to harshness and vibration. By
guaranteeing comfort, a tire makes
driving pleasurable rather than
stressful. But while most people
think about physical comfort,
Kontrol Technology also covers
aural comfort. I’ll talk about noise
first. The human ear can only pick
up a certain range of frequencies or
pitches. Our Virtual Noise Proofing
(VNT) Technology is an integrated
process that takes the tire-only
noise that can be picked up by
the human ear, and factors this out
Anything else?
Sure, mud is another common
problem, and we have developed
ways for our tires to deal with
this. Take our Dynapro aTM Tires.
These have a side-groove angle in
the tread, which means enhanced
wet and off-road traction, and
these treads also push out mud
- meaning the tire is essentially self-
cleaning. We have found in Traction
Performance Indices that our tires
have a peak traction of 111, versus
a competitor which has 100; when
it comes to average traction, our
tires score 116, compared to a
competitor which has 100.
Take our
Dynapro ATM
Tires. These
have a side-
groove angle
in the tread,
which means
enhanced wet
and off-road
traction, and
these treads
also push out
mud - meaning
the tire is
essentially
self-cleaning.
through the design process. This
is what we call noise synthesis.
Uniquely, the VNT process turns
noise into color graphs, so our
researchers do not “hear” noise
but “see” it. Our radiation Noise
Prediction Technology (rNPT)
system simulates and isolates
the source of tire noise, to create
minimal noise pollution in areas
adjacent to roads. Our testing
facilities include an ultra-sensitive
anechoic room. Once we have
all this data – we even have a
patented machine that converts
noise to color, for graphing
purposes – we can work effectively
The aim is to
eliminate the
pitches, or
levels of sound,
that the human
ear finds
most grating.
Once we
have this data
information,
we can test
it on vehicles
on the test
tracks. These
technologies
are used in the
enfren, Ventus
S1 Noble and
Ventus MEO1
tires, providing
a more
relaxed driving
experience.
on noise reduction. The aim is to
eliminate the pitches, or levels of
sound, that the human ear finds
most grating. Once we have this
data information, we can test it on
vehicles on the test tracks. These
technologies are used in the enfren,
Ventus S1 Noble and Ventus MEO1
tires, providing a more relaxed
driving experience.
OK, so that is noise.
What about smoothness?
We check this with Vibration
Control Technology (VCT) – a
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Part .2+Your Tires and the Technology Inside _ Your Tires and Comfort
Kontrol Technology < T I P
VNT Virtual Noise Proofing Technology: Factors such as patterns and car characteristics are considered when analyzing noise. VNT is a technology that decreases noise level by efficiently dispersing sound through different tests and optimizing noise frequency and pitch.
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And how do all these
technologies feed into tire
design?
Take the enfren. The tire is designed
using micro spring vent technology,
which smoothens the edges of the
grooves in the tire, facilitating smooth
driving, and block-formed shoulder
ribs, minimizing rolling vibration.
The application of the various noise
reduction technologies mentioned
above means it is 2 percent quieter
than competing tires. The Ventus
S1 Noble tire is 3 percent quieter
than competitors.
Your Tires and the Environment
How can a tire design
help the environment?
Speaking broadly, the less fuel
form of ultra-sensitive vibration
recording equipment that examines
vibration against the road surface.
This produces a range of three-
dimensional data that is incorporated
into tire profile design for ride
comfort. Our ride Quality Control
Technology (rQCT) is composed
of a range of sensors attached to
various parts of a car – front and
rear wheels, chassis, seat rail and
seat cushion - that measure and
analyze vibration data, allowing us
to design tires for optimum driving
comfort. Once we have this kind
of data, there is a range of ways to
reflect it in tire design. all these, are
of course, tested on our proving
grounds, which include rough road
conditions – manhole covers, roads
under repair, cracked roads and so
on.
The application
of the various
noise reduction
technologies
mentioned
above means
it is 2 percent
quieter than
competing
tires. The
Ventus S1
Noble tire
is 3 percent
quieter than
competitors.
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required to move your car, and the
less CO2 it generates, the better
is it for the environment. How can
we reduce the need for fuel? By
reducing the rolling resistance
of the tire on the road, we can
enhance fuel efficiency. Every
rotation a tire makes, it pulls on the
ground and generates heat. This
heat is a result of engine power,
and is, essentially, wasted energy.
So if this combination of factors
can be addressed, your vehicle
will use less fuel. This makes it
more economical for the driver
and at the same time, kinder to
the environment. I should add
that CO2 emission regulations are
being implemented worldwide, and
this, as well as driver demand, is
promoting increasing use of pro-
environment technologies.
I should add
that CO2
emission
regulations
are being
implemented
worldwide, and
this, as well as
driver demand,
is promoting
increasing
use of pro-
environment
technologies.
How do you get to this
point?
Our research has two main
directions. First, natural materials.
Many petrol-derived materials are
used in tires: compound rubber,
carbon black, composite oil. We
are aiming to replace these with all-
natural materials, such as natural
rubber, silica and natural oil. The
second direction is reducing fuel
efficiency, thereby reducing CO2
emissions. Our Dyna-ProFET
profiles and analyses each section
of the tire versus rolling resistance
to increase fuel savings. This helps
us lower rolling resistance without
impacting other performances,
thus minimizing the trade-off in
tire design. also, Dyna-ProFET
is a construction technology of
the external shape of the tire, to
reduce rolling resistance without
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Part .2+Your Tires and the Technology Inside _ Your Tires and the Environment
Kontrol Technology < T I P
Tire produces heat while pushed to the ground by the car weight and drags on surface at the same time. The heat produced from this process prevents the energy from the engine to be used to its full capacity and this loss is called rolling resistance.Inertia + air pressure + rolling resistance + friction + gravity = total amount of energy needed for the car to move forward.
What are the most
environmentally friendly
products made by Hankook
Tire?
The en f ren i s spec i f i c a l l y
manufactured to be environmentally
friendly, and which leverages all the
technologies above. The design
alone will tell you this: Its sidewall
incorporates environmental artwork,
images of leaves and butterflies.
So how does an
environmental tire – or
should that be a fuel
efficient tire - work?
On a very basic level, the key thing
is to lower rolling resistance – which
means lower fuel consumption,
remember? - so we have optimized
the silica compounds that make
up the tire, and also the structural
compromising other performances.
When it comes to the actual
compound from which the tire
is constructed, our Innovative
Mixing System (IMS) is Kontrol
Technology’s approach to mixing
rubbers and silicas for the optimum
grade; rather like a chef mixing a
stew and getting it just right. One
result of this has been our High
Fuel Saving Compound Technology
(FSCT), a highly advanced rubber-
silica blend that lowers rolling
resistance without compromising
braking performance. and pollution
is not simply atmospheric, it is also
aural. Our Virtual Noise Proofing
Technology (VNT) reduces the noise
produced by tires on the road, by
factoring out the pitches that are
picked up by the human ear.
The enfren is
specifically
manufactured
to be
environmentally
friendly,
and which
leverages
all the
technologies
above.
The design
alone will
tell you this:
Its sidewall
incorporates
environmental
artwork,
images of
leaves and
butterflies.
design, with this in mind. The silica
compounds used in the tire rubber
improves fuel efficiency. The result
is that the enfren, according to ISO
tests, offers a massive 21 percent
reduction in rolling resistance over
conventional tire types.
Can you accurately
measure the benef i ts
of this tire’s effect on the
environment?
Yes. We tested this and found
that CO2 emissions are reduced
by 4.1 grams per kilometer using
this tire. Over the lifecycle of a
tire, this means it would cut down
820 kgs of CO2, equivalent to the
CO2 absorption of 156 trees in
a year. The same is true for our
e-cube family of long-haul tires.
Our AL 10, Dl
10 and TL 10
e-cube family
of long haul
tires use the
technologies
described
above to
improve
durability:
They have a
new carcass
- specially
designed for
endurance
using SCCT -
wide shoulder
ribs, full-
depth kerfs.
The compound used on its tread
and sub-tread maximizes mileage
while minimizing energy loss and
minimizing heat generation.
Good for trees. How about for the
driver? ★ It will save you money
too. Tests show that enfren saves
drivers 4 percent in fuel costs.
Calculate that over the life of a
vehicle and think of the saving.
Are there any other ways that
modern tire designs can assist
the environment? ★ Yes. another
way that a tire can environment –
and save money - is by improving
its durability, as the destruction or
recycling of a tire releases CO2
and toxic chemicals. Our aL 10,
Dl 10 and TL 10 e-cube family of
long haul tires use the technologies
descr ibed above to improve
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Kontrol Technology < T I P
automobiles that use petroleum chemical fuel emits waste gas when producing energy. Hankook Tire’s environment friendly technology decreased the amount of CO2 emitted by 4.1g/km compared to previous products. This means that during a lifecycle of a car, it decrease the amount of CO2 emitted by 820kg which is the same as the amount of CO2 absorbed by 146 trees in one year.
CO2 820kg decrease
Your Tires : Tire Purchasing and
Tire Care
What do I need to consider
when purchasing a tire?
Firstly, what kind of driver are you
– and what kind of vehicle do you
drive? We produce specialized tires
for racing cars, specialized tires for
heavy goods vehicles, specialized
tires for buses….
I meant for the average passenger
car driver? ★ Firstly, ask yourself
this question: are you seeking
optimum performance – ie speed
and handling – optimum comfort,
or optimum fuel efficiency and
environmental friendliness? These
are the key differences. Then there
is the question of where you live. If
you live in a country where heavy
O&A.35
i n s t i t u t e s , b o t h i n K o re a
and ab road , tha t eva lua te
environmentally friendly products
to ensure safety for the customers.
Japan ’s G reen Pu rchas i ng
Policy certified our enfren to be
environmentally friendly. Enfren also
won environmental certificate mark
from KEITIKorea Environmental Industry and
Technology Institute. also, our products
Winter I*Pike and Winter I*Cept
won an Eco Labeling certificate in
Northern Europe.
durability: They have a new carcass
- specially designed for endurance
using SCCT - wide shoulder ribs,
full-depth kerfs. The result of this is
seen in tests: The TL10 e-cube, for
example, has a durability index of
148, compared to competitors at
73 and 100.
Do public agencies
certificate environmentally
friendly products ?
There are many cert i f icat ion
There are many
certification
institutes,
both in Korea
and abroad,
that evaluate
environmentally
friendly
products
to ensure
safety for the
customers.
Winter tires
are more
about actual
temperature
than snow, so
it depends on
how cold the
place where
you live is.
Winter tire uses
specialized
rubber
compounds
which maintain
their softness –
and thus their
safety – in low
temperatures;
normal rubbers
harden up
below 7
degrees
Celsius.
snowfall is expected, you will need
winter tires, at least for the snowy
season. In a warm country, you will
need a summer tire. It’s better to
switch between winter and summer
tires in geographies where weather
conditions vary between extremes,
and an all-season tire where the
weather is stable.
So you need to change your
tires if it snows? ★ Yes and no.
Winter tires are more about actual
temperature than snow, so it
depends on how cold the place
where you live is. Winter tire uses
specialized rubber compounds
which maintain their softness
– and thus their safety – in low
temperatures; normal rubbers
harden up below 7 degrees Celsius.
If, where you live, snow is only
occasional and temperatures are
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【
】
800 revolutions per mile. If a car
moves 100,000 miles, that is 80
million load bearing cycles. a tire
can run as far as 80,000 miles if
well cared for, but inevitably, wear
takes effect. If a tread runs down
to a depth of 1.6mm, it is time to
change the tire. To make it easier
for the driver to see this, every tire
from major manufacturers around
the world has a built-in tread wear
indicator. When you see these
tread wear bars showing through
the rubber, change that t i re
immediately. Driving on a bald tire
is hazardous (and illegal in many
jurisdictions).
How about tire care?
Any tips?
Sure. The first advice is: Drive
smoothly! Hard stops and speedy
course you can use the information
we have just discussed to look
at the tire profile, its tread groove
design, and so on. another factor
is size: all our tire models come in
a range of sizes for different sized
vehicles - from compact cars to
large saloons – but a tire dealer will
have no problem fitting you with
the right size. Kontrol Technology
includes Multi-radius Profi l ing
(MrP), a system of prof i l ing
different grooves widths and
depths, ensuring performance that
is optimized to the size of the tire.
How often should I
change my tires?
First, bear in mind that the contact
surface of the average passenger
car tire in motion is about the size
of an adult’s hand. a tire rolls about
mild, you can use all-season tires.
However, if you live in a country
with customary heavy snowfall,
then use winter tires in the snow
season, but change them when
the snow disappears, as winter
tires will suffer greater wear under
non-snowy conditions. But bear in
mind, winter tires are advisable in
extremely cold weather - whether it
snows or not.
What should I look at
in a tire?
ask your tire dealer: How durable
is this tire? How is its braking
performance? Is it environmentally
friendly? Does it increase fuel
efficiency? Is it optimized for speed
and handling, or for comfort? all
major tire companies’ tires are
tested, and tire dealers will be able
to show you test results. and of
Kontrol
Technology
includes
Multi-radius
Profiling (MRP),
a system
of profiling
different
grooves widths
and depths,
ensuring
performance
that is
optimized
to the size
of the tire.
When you
see these
tread wear
bars showing
through the
rubber, change
that tire
immediately.
Driving on a
bald tire is
hazardous (and
illegal in many
jurisdictions).
cornering wil l shorten the l ife
of your tire threads. If possible,
drive around debris on the road,
especially broken glass and metal.
and try to drive around potholes,
as these can bruise your tires.
I meant when you are not
driving…
Oh, right. Well, the first tire care tip
that is usually overlooked by drivers
is tire rotation.
Rotation? Everybody knows that
a tire rotates… ★ I don’t mean
rotating the tire on the drive shaft, I
mean rotating the tires around your
vehicle. Every 10,000 kilometers,
we recommend switching your tire
position: front right and left back;
front left and right back would be a
typical rotation.
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Kontrol Technology < T I P
Tire’s that went over the safety limit of tread wear is more endangered to puncture and break time is longer on wet grounds, which is very dangerous. Tire’s wear limit is 1.6mm. ▲ mark on the side of the tire can be found along the tread. Tire needs to be changed immediately if the tread is worn down to the point that it’s less than 1.6mm.
Tread Depth
Wear Limit (1.6mm)
Why do you need to do that?
★ Because however perfectly
designed a tire is, if it remains in
one position on a car for thousands
of kilometers – say, the front right
wheel – it will develop irregular wear
patterns.
I see. Anything else?
Yes. The other key issue is
checking the air pressure inside
the tire. We recommend you do
this either before driving a long
distance, or once a week. It only
takes five minutes. an underinflated
tire wears abnormally and also runs
hotter. These issues lead to wear,
and possibility of failure. This will
also cost you more money, as an
underinflated tire has greater rolling
resistance, ergo less fuel economy.
a little-known fact is that every
tire also loses some air pressure
through the inevitable permeability
of the materials, so over time any
tire will eventually run flat - even
it has no apparent problems. On
the other hand, an overinflated tear
wears harder, and is also more
likely to suffer a puncture.
This all sounds a bit
dangerous! How do I know
my tire’s ideal pressure?
Calm down! It’s very simple. The
maximum tire pressure of a tire is
indicated on the tire’s sidewall. The
optimal inflated pressure of a tire
is 90 percent of this maximum. It
is best to test tire pressure when
a car has not run for at least an
hour, as air inside a tire heats up
when running, so you might what
to buy a tire pressure gauge to
An
underinflated
tire wears
abnormally
and also runs
hotter. These
issues lead
to wear, and
possibility of
failure. This
will also cost
you more
money, as an
underinflated
tire has
greater rolling
resistance,
ergo less fuel
economy.
keep at home and check your tires
once every week or two. also,
remember to periodically check
the air pressure of your spare
tire, because as noted, a tire will,
naturally, lose air over time through
permeability.
That’s it?
That’s it. It is not a lot to do. If you
do all the above with a Hankook tire,
It is best to test
tire pressure
when a car has
not run for at
least an hour,
as air inside a
tire heats up
when running,
so you might
what to buy a
tire pressure
gauge to keep
at home and
check your
tires once
every week
or two.
it will run well, safely, comfortably
and in an environmentally friendly
manner. Take care of your tires and
they will take care of you.
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