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Standards: US.II 3a,3b,3c,4c
Reconstruction: 1865-1877
Civil War: Discussion Review
Why did the Civil War start?
Who fought in the Civil War?
How did the Civil War end?
Safari Montage: Reconstruction Introduction
SAFARI Montage
What was “Reconstruction”?
After the Civil War, the South was devastated and bitter
Reconstruction was the re-building of the Union (particularly in the South)
Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved
Reconstruction Amendments
Passed by Congress to help with Reconstruction
Guaranteed equal protection under the law
13th Amendment (1865)
14th Amendment (1868)
15th Amendment (1870)
Helpful phrase: “FREE CITIZENS VOTE!”
13th Amendment
Abolished (banned) slavery in the U.S. and its territories
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
SAFARI Montage
14th Amendment
Rules that you are a citizen if you are born in the U.S. or its territories
“All persons born or naturalized in the United States…are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.”
SAFARI Montage
15th Amendment
It is illegal to deny someone the right to vote based on race
"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
SAFARI Montage
Reconstruction Amendments
Tweeting the News: Reconstruction Amendments
DILI 3a: Reconstruction Amendments
Conflict Resolution: Post - Civil War
Mediation Activity
Lincoln’s Plan of Reconciliation
ReconciliationTo bring into agreement
or harmonyTo come together,
forgiving and forgetting the past
Lincoln believed that preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South.
SAFARI Montage
(AKA: The 10% Plan)
Robert E. Lee: Pro-Reconciliation
Former Confederate General
Urged Southerners to reconcile with Northerners at the end of the war and reunite as Americans when some wanted to continue to fight
Became president of Washington College, which is now known as Washington and Lee University
Lincoln AssassinatedApril 14th, 1865, Lincoln was shot at Ford’s
Theatre in D.C. by John Wilkes BoothDied the next day, on April 15th, 1865
President Andrew Johnson
From Tennessee, a Confederate state
Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union
SAFARI Montage
President Johnson’s Plan
Offered amnesty (forgiveness) to all Southerners who took a simple oath, or promise of loyalty, EXCEPT Confederate officers
State constitutions had to deny slavery and secession
EFFECTS
1. Certain leading Confederates could not vote
2. They just gained power in state governments
3. Same old, same old!
Historical Perspectives
POLITICALAssociated with “politics”Involves government, public office, rights, laws, etc.
SOCIALAssociated with “society”Involves race, gender, age and other ways of
grouping people
ECONOMICAssociated with the “economy” Involves money, business, trade, jobs, etc.
Polic
ies
and P
roble
ms
of
Reco
nst
ruct
ion:
SC
REA
M
Note
sSoldiers from the North supervised the South.
Carpetbaggers from the North take control of Southern politics and business, leading to resentment from the Southerners.
Rights for African Americans were gained as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which also authorized the use of federal troops to enforce it.Establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau to aid former enslaved African Americans in the South.
African Americans could hold public office in the South.
Military leaders of the Confederacy could not hold office.
Southern Reaction to Reconstruction: Creation of the
Black Codes
The purpose was to control daily life for freedmenKept them working on
plantations and farmingReceived the same old
treatmentForced many former
slaves to become “sharecroppers”
SAFARI Montage
Cycle of Sharecroppin
g
The sharecropper rents a piece of land from the
landowner. This rent includes a
shack, seeds and farming tools. The
sharecropper promises to give the landowner a
percentage of the crops. The sharecropper
plants and harvest the crops such as
corn, wheat, fruits, pecans, and
peanuts.
The sharecropper gives the landowner the amount of crops
agreed upon.
Some of the remaining crops feed the
sharecropper’s family. Rarely, there are enough crops to sell for profit.
Another portion of the crop is sold to pay rent
to the landowner for the next season.
*Sharecropping Activity
Sharecropping Activity
Northern Soldiers Supervised the South
Carpetbaggers
Men from the North that went to the South after the Civil War to make money from the people of the South
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Gave full citizenship to African Americans
Stated that the federal government would enforce the law
Overturned the Black Codes
Freedmen’s Bureau
Established to help former slaves go to school
SAFARI Montage
Compromise of 1877
Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876
Republicans (mostly in the North) ended the military occupation of the South in exchange for having their candidate Rutherford B. Hayes become President
“Who Killed Reconstruction?”
DBQ Class Set Reading and Questions
DILI 3b: Reconstruction Policies/Problems
Continuing Legacy: “Jim Crow” Era
Late 1800s to mid-1960s when Southern states required racial segregation in public schools, transportation, and other public facilities
Racial segregationBased upon raceDirected primarily against African Americans
but other groups were also kept segregated (American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924).
Reconstruction and Segregation
Segregation means to separate by race
African Americans and whites were separated in public places (“racial segregation”)
“Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate against African AmericansThey legalized segregation.
SAFARI Montage
Racial SegregationExplain or describe this cartoon:
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court case in 1896 that maintained segregation
“Separate but equal” was legal
Examples of Jim Crow Laws Buses: “All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor
transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races.” Alabama
Railroads: “The conductor of each passenger train is authorized and required to assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs.” Alabama
Restaurants: “It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment.” Alabama
Education: “The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately.” Florida
Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan
Founded in Tennessee by 6 rebels
Became the most powerful secret society in the South
Members threatened, beat, and even killed African Americans
Burned schools and churches in night raids
Disrupted elections (there were more than 100,000 more eligible African American voters than white)
SAFARI Montage
Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan
TodayAbout 100 different
chaptersAs many as 5,000
membersStrongest in the
South and MidwestMonitored by the
FBI for hate crimes and Civil Rights violations
Rights Lost Due to Jim Crow
Violated the Reconstruction Amendments which guaranteed equal protection under the law for all born in the U.S.
The right to vote
The right to serve on juries
Made discrimination legal in many communities and states
Unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government
Rights Lost Due to Jim Crow
Frederick Douglass
Former slave and human rights activist
Fought for adoption of constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights
Was a powerful voice for human rights and civil liberties, or rights and freedoms, for all (including women and minorities)
Biography Link
Reconstruction Legacies: Lincoln, Lee, Douglass Notes
Complete the review page for these three gentlemen.
DILI 3c: Reconstruction Legacies
Booker T. Washington
Believed equality could be achieved through vocational education / job trainingEstablished the Tuskegee Institute
Accepted social segregation
Ways to remember him:“T” for training/Tuskegee“Book” for education
W.E.B. DuBois
Believed in full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans
Helped to found the NAACP
Believed in immediate integration (no segregation)
Ways to remember him:Wanted “D’bois and d’girls full
freedom!”
SAFARI Montage
Comparing Washington and DuBois
Use the class set readings to fill in the facts about Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois.
Think: Where are they from?What are their backgrounds?What did they believe?How did their peers respond to them?
“Worse Than Slavery” Cartoon Analysis
DILI 4c: Constraints Faced
Reconstruction Amendments
FREE CITIZENS VOTE!
13th Amendment – banned slavery
14th Amendment – established citizenship
15th Amendment – can’t deny the vote based on race
ALL – guarantee equal protection under the law
