Primary and secondary school teacher

EUROPEAN

UNION

ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY, SOCIAL PROTECTION AND OF

SENIOR CITIZENS AMPOSDRU

European Social Fund

SOP HRD 2007-2013

Structural Instruments 2007 - 2013

1

1

Invest in people !

EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND

Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resources Development 2007 – 2013

Priority Axis 3 "INCREASING ADAPTABILITY OF WORKERS AND

ENTERPRISES"

Major field of intervention 3.3 "Developing partnerships and encouraging the initiatives

of social partners and civil society"

Title of the project: “Network of Competent Authorities for Professional Qualifications

in Romania (IMI PQ NET Romania)”

Beneficiary: Ministry of National Education

Contract no. SOP HRD/93/3.3/S/53132

GUIDELINES FOR THE CERTIFICATION AND RECOGNITION

OF THE PROFESSION OF PRIMARY / SECONDARY SCHOOL

TEACHER

Author: Paula Posea

Domain: EDUCATION-ADMINISTRATION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 5

1. Status regarding the regulation of the

profession of primary / secondary school teacher

in Romania and other European Union Member

States

8

2. Procedures for the validation / certification of

competence applied by CA in countries where

the profession is regulated

20

2.1. Procedures for the validation / certification

of competence of the profession of primary /

secondary school teacher in Romania

21



secondary school teacher in Great Britain

25



secondary school teacher in Denmark

26

2.4 Procedures for the validation / certification


secondary school teacher in Germany

30



secondary school teacher in Italy

32



secondary school teacher in The Netherlands

34



secondary school teacher in Spain

37

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secondary school teacher in Austria

40



secondary school teacher in The Czech Republic

42

3. Processes of recognition of qualifications

acquired in other EU MS

45

3.1. The process of recognition of the

qualification of primary / secondary school

teacher in Romania

45



teacher in The Netherlands

47



teacher in Spain

48



teacher in Great Britain

49



teacher in Denmark

50



teacher in The Czech Republic

52



teacher in Italy

59



teacher in Austria

60

3.9. The process of recognition of the 60

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teacher in Germany

4.SOLVIT 63

5. The practice of the profession of primary /

secondary school teacher in the EU

68

6. Conclusions 76

7. List of abbreviations used in this paper 77

8. References 78

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INTRODUCTION

The guidelines for the certification and recognition of the profession

of Primary / secondary school teacher represents on of the outcomes of

the „Network of Competent Authorities for Professional Qualifications

in Romania (IMI PQ NET Romania)” Project implemented by the

Ministry of National Education (MNE) in partnership with the National

Qualifications Authority (NCA) and the Institute for Social Policy (ISP),

co-financed by the European Social Fund through the Sectoral

Operational Programme Human Resources Development 2007-2013

(SOP HRD).

Within IMI PQ NET Romania Project, validation procedures

and certification of competence and qualification recognition processes

for each regulated profession in part were analyzed and developed

together with competent authorities and common procedural elements

for each competent authority have been established. By aggregation and

synthesis thereof, common procedural elements for each domain have

been established and, on this basis, standard procedures for the

validation and certification of competence covering all regulated

professions and for the recognition of qualifications were developed.

The analysis was performed for Romania and another 8 European Union

Member States (Austria, The Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany,

Italy, Great Britain, The Netherlands and Spain). Research in European

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legislation and in the legislation of the countries concerned were

performed, on the acquisition manner of qualifications, the education

and training system, types of documents (diplomas, certificates,

qualification certificates, etc.) that can be obtained on the certification of

the preparation, regulations regarding validation, accreditation and

recognition of qualifications, professions regulated under Directive

2005/36/EC on the recognition of professional qualifications.

For some of these countries (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Great Britain,

The Netherlands and Spain) study visits attended by specialists in the

working groups established under the project and experts from the

Ministry of National Education and the National Qualifications

Authority, were organized within the project. During these visits, the

information collection basis within the meetings with representatives of

the competent authorities and other stakeholders in host countries was

extended.

The purpose of this analysis is to facilitate the responsible institutions

and stakeholders, the knowledge and understanding of the profession

(professions) analyzed in several European countries, compared to

Romania in order to adapt legislation and facilitate mobility on the

European labor market. These guidelines are achieved based on

guidance standard reference terms for the procedures of validation and

certification of competence and qualification recognition processes1,

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developed within the project and validated in the workshops of working

groups.

The achievement of the guidelines for the certification and

recognition of the profession of primary / secondary school teacher

aims to:

assist competent authorities in Romania (Ministry of National

Education and its subordinate institutions) in their efforts to

standardize the certification and recognition of regulated

professions they manage by informing them about the practices

of other EU Member States

inform all people who have acquired skills in the respective

field of activity in Romania and want to practice the profession

in question in one of the EU Member States presented in the

guide.

I thank all the members of the Working Group Education-

Administration for their improvement suggestions and proposals made

within the workshops organized through the project.

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1. Status regarding the regulation of the profession of

primary / secondary school teacher in Romania and

other European Union Member States

Law no. 200/2004 on the recognition of diplomas and professional

qualifications for the professions regulated in Romania establishes in

Annex no. 2 - List of regulated professions in Romania, among the

regulated professions requiring at least three years of higher education

(diploma of a university or college) , the profession of teacher (for

higher education and primary / secondary school [2]

However, in Romania, the National Education Law no. 1 of 2011 [1],

published in the Official Gazette no. 18/10.01.2011 establishes the

teaching positions in primary / secondary school. These are:

in ante pre-school education: kindergarten teacher-nursery

school teacher

in pre-school education: preschool teacher

in primary education: primary school teacher

in secondary education: teacher

in special education: special education teacher

The list of IMI System qualifications [3] contains several professions

for primary / secondary school, for different levels and subsystems of

the school system, such as:

Table no. 1

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Denumirea

Profesiei (RO)

Profession

Designation (EN)

Equivalent

teaching position

in Romania

Group of

occupations in

IMIPQNET System

Învăţător Primary school

teacher

primary education

teacher

Education and

professional training,

related professions

Educator/institutor

preşcolar

Nursery school

teacher

preschool

education teacher

Education and


related professions

Profesor în

instituţii de

învăţământ

profesional

Vocational

education teacher

teacher

Education and


related professions

Profesor în

învăţământul

secundar

Secondary school

teacher

teacher

Education and


related professions

Profesor specializat

pentru copii cu

nevoi speciale

Special needs

teacher

special education

teacher

Education and


related professions

In European Union Member States, according to the website

http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/regprof/ [4], there are

several professions regulated for primary / secondary school, for

example:

Primary school teacher/ învăţător – there are 33 similar

professions regulated in 25 countries

Secondary school teacher/ Profesor în învăţământul secundar-

there are 48 similar professions regulated in 29 countries ( EU

and EEA)

Vocational education teacher/Profesor în instituţii de învăţământ

profesional- there are 11 similar professions regulated in 8

countries

http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/regprof/

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For the countries studied within the project, Table 2 presents, by way of

example, the situation for the profession of primary school teacher

(învăţător) and Chapter 2 of this study will present all existing situations

in detail:

Table no. 2

Member

State

Profession

Designation Competent Authority

Level of

education

Recognition

system

ROMANIA

primary

education

teacher

Ministry of National

Education

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

AUSTRIA

Lehrer an

Volksschulen/ primary

school teacher

BUNDESLÄNDER/ Bu

ndesministerium für

Wirtschaft, Familie und

Jugend / Ministry of

Economy, Family and

Youth

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

CZECH

REPUBLIC

Učitel prvního

stupně

základní

školy/ primary

school teacher

Ministry of Education,

Youth and Sports,

email:[email protected]

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

DENMARK

Lærer i

Folkeskolen/F

olkeskolelære

r/ primary

school teacher

/teacher

Styrelsen for

Universiteter og

Internationalisering/

Danish Agency for

Universities and

Internationalisation

http://www.ui.dk/

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

GERMANY Lehrer/teacher

Zentralstelle für

ausländisches

Billdungswesen/ Central office for

foreign education,

email: [email protected]

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

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GREAT

BRITAIN School

Teacher in

State

maintained

schools

(Primary)

National College for

Teaching and

Leadership,http://www.

education.gov.uk/

General Teaching

Council for

Scotlan/,http://www.gtc

s.org.uk/

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

ITALY

Docente di

scuola

primaria/prim

ary school

teacher

Ministero

dell'Università, email:

[email protected]

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

NETHERLA

NDS

Leraar

basisonderwij

s/ teacher

training

Dienst Uitvoering

Onderwijs/ Department

of Education,

http://www.duo.nl/Inter

national_visitors/default

.asp

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

SPAIN

Maestro/Mast

er

Ministerio de Educación

y Ciencia (Subdirección

General de Titulos,

Convalidaciones y

Homologaciones)/

Ministry of Education

and Science, General

Subdepartment Titles,

Certifications and

Homologations.

[email protected]

s

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

It is interesting to study the regulation manner of the profession of

Teacher in vocational education institutions (Vocational education

teacher), which in Romania is not regulated differently, although it

would be necessary.

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In Figure no. 1, one can identify the countries in which this

profession is regulated, and Table no. 3 provides synthetic information

from the database of the European Commission, related to this

profession.

Figure no. 1 - Vocational education teacher – regulated profession

[4]

Table no. 3

Member

State

Profession

Designation

Competent Authority

Level of

education

Recognition

system

BELGIUM -

Flemish

Community

Hoogleraar

(hogeschool)/

vocational

education

teacher

Vlaamse Overheid,

Administratie Hoger

onderwijs, NARIC-

Vlaanderen/ Flemish

Government, Higher

Education

Administration,

NARIC-Vlaanderen,

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

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daniel.deschrijver@ond.

vlaanderen.be

BELGIUM -

French

Community

Professeur

d'enseigneme

nt superieur

non-

universitaire/ non-university

higher

education

teacher

Ministère de la

Fédération Wallonie-

Bruxelles, Direction

générale de

l'Enseignement non-

obligatoire et de la

Recherche scientifique/ Ministry of the

Walloon-Brussels

Federation, Directorate

General for Non-

compulsory Education

and Scientific Research

http://www.enseigneme

nt.be/

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

CZECH

REPUBLIC

Učitel vyšší

odborné

školy/higher

vocational

education

teacher


Youth and Sports

[email protected]

ESA - Certificate

attesting

secondary course

graduation, Art.

11 b,

Legislation:Act

No. 563/2004

Coll., on

Education

Professionals,

Art. 11

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

FINLAND

Ammatillisten

opintojen

opettaja/lärare

i

yrkesinriktade

studier/

vocational

education

teacher

Finnish National Board

of Education

(Opetushallitus)

http://www.oph.fi/

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

LITHUANI

A

Profesijos

mokytojas/ lower,

secondary,

Švietimo ir mokslo

ministerija

Ministry of Education

and Science

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

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post

secondary

vocational

education

teacher

http://www.smm.lt/ application

NETHERLA

NDS

Docent

beroepsonder

wijs en

volwassenene

ducatie, bve/

secondary

vocational

education

teacher

Docent hoger

beroepsonder

wijs/ post

secondary

vocational

education

teacher

Dienst Uitvoering

Onderwijs/ Department

of Education

http://www.duo.nl/Inter

national_visitors/default

.asp

PS3 - Diploma of

post-secondary

level (3-4 years),

Art. 11 d

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

NORWAY

Yrkesfaglærer

/ vocational

education

teacher

Utdanningsdirektoratet

The Norwegian

Directorate for

Education and Training

http://www.udir.no/

ESD - Diploma

of post secondary

education,

including Annex

II (ex 92/51,

Annexes C, D),

Art. 11 c

Legislation:Forsk

rift 23. juni 2006

nr. 724 til

opplæringslova

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

POLAND

Nauczyciel

praktycznej

nauki zawodu/

practical

vocational

training

teacher

Minister Edukacji

Narodowej

Ministry of National

Education

http://www.men.gov.pl/

ESD - Diploma

of post secondary

education,

including Annex

II (ex 92/51,

Annexes C, D),

Art. 11 c

General

system of

recognition -

first

application

SLOVENIA Mojster v Ministstvo za ESA - Certificate General

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poklicnem in

strokovnem

izobraževanju

/ Master in

Vocational

Education and

Training

Učitelj

praktičnega

pouka in

veščin v

poklicnih oz.

strokovnih

šolah/ practical

vocational

training and

skill

development

in vocational

schools

teacher

izobraževanje, znanost,

kulturo in šport


Science, Culture and

Sport

http://www.mizks.gov.si

/

attesting

secondary course

graduation, Art.

11 b

system of

recognition -

first

application

Source: 4http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/regprof/index.cfm?action=profession

&id_profession=3121

Initial teacher training in Europe [21]

In Europe, for initial teacher training the trend is that the bachelor

degree of 4 years duration be considered the minimum qualification.

In 2012, in Europe, the predominant teacher qualification was the

bachelor degree, except high school teachers who, in most countries

must have a master's degree. Only in the Czech Republic, Germany,

Austria, Malta and Slovakia teachers for pre-primary education (or

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qualified personnel for this level) are not higher education graduates,

but they have a post-secondary level qualification.

Alternative ways to obtain a teaching qualification such as training on

the job or career change short programs are not widespread in European

countries.

Within the programs for pre-primary and primary education teachers,

professional training (which includes theoretical and practical parts and

is different from training in a certain specialty) amounts to about a third

of the whole training duration in most countries. Training programs for

teaching in secondary education usually contain less didactic training.

Practical training in schools shows large variations between countries,

but it is again, usually, greater for teachers in pre - primary and primary

education than for those in higher education.

In most countries, the central guidelines indicate that initial teacher

training programs should develop knowledge and skills related to

research in education. These recommendations apply to both bachelor

degree training and master's level training.

Specific requirements for the admission to initial teacher training

[21]

Admission to initial teacher training seems to be governed more by the

general entry requirements for higher education than by specific

selection criteria for teacher training. Only one third of all European

countries have established specific selection methods. Aptitude tests or

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interviews regarding the candidate's motivation to become a teacher are

not given in many countries.

Teacher training can be organized in different ways, but it usually

includes a professional, specialty component and a teaching component.

The professional component refers to general education courses and

mastering the specialty domain that candidates will teach and the

teaching component provides prospective teachers theoretical and

practical skills, necessary for teaching. The two main patterns of initial

teacher education can be distinguished depending on how these two

components are combined. The professional component can be provided

either at the same time with the teaching component (simultaneous /

concurrent pattern) or after (consecutive pattern) [21].

This means that in the concurrent pattern, students are involved in the

specific teacher education from the beginning of their tertiary education

program, while in the consecutive pattern, this happens after or near the

end of obtaining the title. For a training in accordance with the

concurrent pattern, the required qualifications are the certificate of

higher secondary education and, in some cases, a certificate of

proficiency for tertiary education and / or education teacher). In the

consecutive pattern, students who were engaged in tertiary education in

a certain field can proceed to vocational training in a separate phase.

In almost all European countries, teachers from pre-primary and primary

education are trained in accordance with the simultaneous pattern.

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Initial training of teachers for the lower levels of education usually

follow concurrent / simultaneous route. France and Portugal are the

only exceptions where the consecutive pattern is only practiced. In

Bulgaria, Estonia, Ireland, Poland, Slovenia and the United Kingdom

(England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland) both routes are

available.

For general lower secondary education, the situation is more complex.

The simultaneous pattern is the only possible option in Belgium,

Denmark, Germany, Slovakia, Iceland and Turkey. In eight countries

(Estonia, Spain, France, Italy, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Hungary and

Portugal), the consecutive pattern is the pattern available for training. In

most other countries, both of the patterns exist.

Most countries provide for secondary school teachers either exclusively

the consecutive pattern, or both training ways. Therefore, the vast

majority of general upper secondary teachers in Europe are trained

through the consecutive pattern.

In Germany, Slovakia, Iceland and Turkey, the simultaneous /

concurrent pattern is the only possible way at all levels of education,

while in France and Portugal, the only pattern available is the

consecutive one. However, in Bulgaria, Ireland, Poland and the UK,

both routes are available from pre-primary to upper secondary education

(ISCED 1-3).

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In addition to traditional patterns, few countries offer various alternative

ways of training. For upper secondary education, in most countries,

the final qualification is a Master's degree.

In Romania Law no. 288/2004 on the organization of higher

education in the 3 study cycles (BA - 3/4 years, Masters - 1/2 years, PhD

- 3 years) was applied from the 2005-2006 academic year, which in

2008 allowed the first class of students to graduate with a BA in

accordance with the principles of the Bologna Process. Since 2008-2009

the first candidates attended the entrance examination for the Master

academic studies.

The bachelor's degree in Primary and Preschool Education

Pedagogy meets the training conditions established by Directive

2005/36/EC, 11d, with a study duration of 3years (cycle 1 - bachelor

degree), to teach in Romania: Romanian Language and Literature,

Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Civic Education, History, Geography,

Drawing, Music and Practical Skills at primary level for the age group

6-10 years and to work as a Kindergarten Teacher for the age group 3-6

years.

The bachelor degree for many majors satisfies the conditions of

Directive 2005/36/EC, 11d, with a study duration of 3 years (cycle I -

bachelor of arts studies), to teach in Romania in lower secondary

education.

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The master's degree in many majors satisfies the conditions of

Directive 2005/36/EC, 11e, with a study duration of 5 years (cycle I -

bachelor of arts studies and cycle II - master's degree) to teach in

Romania in secondary superior education. To teach in lower secondary

and upper education, graduates of Cycle I - bachelor of arts studies I and

of Cycle II - master's degree must obtain 30 credits in psycho-

pedagogical training - for lower secondary education and 60 credits - for

upper secondary education.

2. Procedures for the validation / certification of

competence applied by CA in countries where the profession is

regulated

Given the large number of regulated professions corresponding to

the generic name Primary / secondary school teacher and the related

large amount of information it was considered useful to the users of this

guide, to submit all information on the legislation, conditions of access

to the profession, the validation / certification procedure, authorities

involved in the process, the presence of the profession in IMI, etc.,

under the synthetic form of the Sheet of the regulated profession.

In most cases, this sheet also provides useful information for the

recognition process.

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2.1 Procedures for the validation / certification of

competence of the profession of primary / secondary school

teacher in Romania

In Romania the requirements for initial and continuing training

necessary for a professional career, and the conditions for holding a

teaching position in an educational or training establishment under the

Ministry of National Education are established by the National

Education Law no. 1/2011. Title IV Status of teaching staff, Chapter I -

Status of teaching staff in primary / secondary school establish the

following:

“Section 2 - Initial and continuous training. The teaching career

Art. 236

(1) Initial training for teaching positions in primary / secondary

school comprises:

a) initial, theoretical, specialty training, made by universities in

programs accredited by law;

b) teaching masters with a duration of 2 years;

c) practical training with a duration of one academic year, conducted in

an educational establishment, under the supervision of a mentor

teacher.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), the training of ante

preschool education staff is achieved through pedagogic high schools.

(3) In order to obtain another specialization, the graduates of bachelor

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of arts studies can pursue a module of at least 90 transferable credits

attesting the obtaining of skills to teach a certain discipline from the

fundamental field related to the specialization field on the bachelor

degree. This module can be followed at the same time with the teaching

masters or after its completion.

Art. 234

(1) Obtaining and maintaining a teaching or auxiliary teaching position

and a management, guidance and control position are subject to the

submission of a medical certificate issued on a specific form developed

by the Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sports together with

the Ministry of Health. Medical incompatibilities with the teaching

position are established by a Protocol concluded between the Ministry

of Education, Research, Youth and Sports and the Ministry of Health.

Art. 240

(1) The occupation of a teaching position for the practical training

period with a duration of one academic year is achieved by:

a) position contest / vacant / reserved positions;

b) distribution by the county / Bucharest school inspectorate on the

unoccupied positions following the contest.

(2) All provisions of this law and all other appropriate provisions in the

legislation in force will be applied to the people in the period of

practical training with a duration of one academic year, according to

the teaching position temporarily occupied.

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Art. 241

(1) The national education completion examination is organized by the

Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sports, according to a

methodology approved by the Minister of Education, Research, Youth

and Sport, and includes:

a) stage I, which is eliminatory - performed by school inspectorates in

the period of the practical training with a duration of one academic

year and consisting of the professional performance evaluation in the

educational institution, the assessment of the personal and professional

portfolio and having at least two inspections during classes;

b) stage II, which is final - achieved on the completion of the practical

training with a duration of one academic year and consisting of a

written examination, based on certain subjects and a bibliography

approved by the Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sports, for

each specialty in part.

(2) Teaching staff completing the completion examination achieve the

title of teacher having the right to practice in primary / secondary

school”.

2.1.1. Factsheet of the regulated profession - teachers in primary /

secondary school Denomination of regulated

profession / COR code

2341/ Teachers in primary schools

2330/ Teachers in secondary schools

Regulatory Competent

Authority CA

Ministry of National Education

Legislation governing the National Education Law no. 1 of January 2011

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profession

Access conditions 1. medical certificate issued on a specific form

developed by the Ministry of Education

2. promoted completion exam

Validation and certification

procedure / contest

procedure

according to the methodology approved by the

Minister of National Education (OMECTS no.

6193/13.11.2012)

Validating and certifying

bodies

Ministry of National Education through the County

School Inspectorates and CNEE

Content of the file Copy of IC / Passport

Proof of professional skills (bachelor diploma,

etc. + diploma supplement)

Other certificates / diplomas relevant to the

exercise of the profession

Proof of passing the completion exam

Marriage certificate / change of name

Fees N/A

Awarded / certified title The title of teacher

Validity period of the

certification

N/A

Requirements concerning

continuous training

N/A

Other national organizations

involved in certification

N/A

Membership in professional

organizations

N/A

Other EU countries where

the profession is regulated /

ways of recognition

All EU countries

The existence of the

profession in IMIPQNET

yes

Access of non-national

people / recognition

Yes, according to the procedure above.

2.2. Procedures for the validation / certification of competence

of the profession of primary / secondary school teacher in

Great Britain

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secondary school Denomination of regulated





Authority CA

Teaching Agency, England

General Teaching Council for Scotland

General Teaching Council for Wales

General Teaching Council for Northern Ireland

Legislation governing the

profession

The Education Act 2011

Teachers’ Standards May 2012

Access conditions

Bachelor studies, 4 years

Variants; England: Initial Teacher Training (ITT)

Program (theoretical lessons and 18 weeks of

practice in the field). Qualified Teacher Status is

obtained; Scotland : Initial Teacher Education

(ITE). Teaching Qualification (TQ ) is obtained.


procedure / contest

procedure

QTS (Qualified Teacher der Status) and induction

division for:

England

Scotland

Wales

Northern Ireland


bodies

General Teaching Council of England

Content of the file

Copy of IC / Passport


etc. + diploma supplement)



Proof of professional experience (e.g.

recommendations from employers, copies of

employment contracts, etc.)


Fees N/A

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Awarded / certified title Diploma equivalent to the education system in the

UK


certification

N/A


continuous training

N/A



N/A


organizations

N/A



ways of recognition

All EU countries

Existence of the profession in

IMIPQNET

yes



Yes, according to the procedure above. In addition, a

work permit for England ("blue card") is required.

2.3. Procedures for the validation / certification of competence

of the profession of primary / secondary school teacher in

Denmark


secondary school (primary, lower secondary) Denomination of regulated





Authority CA

Danish Agency for Universities and



profession

National regulations

Folkeskole Act (Bekendtgørelse af lov om

folkeskolen): LBK nr. 998 af 16. august 2010

Act on the Training of Teachers for the Danish

Folkeskole (Lov om uddannelsen til

professionsbachelor som lærer i folkeskolen): LOV

nr. 579 af 09/06/2006

Ministerial Order on teacher training with credit

transfer (Bekendtgørelse om uddannelsen til

meritlærer): BEK. nr. 651 af 29. juni 2009

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Bekendtgørelse af overenskomst af 3. marts 1982

med Finland, Island, Norge og Sverige om et fælles

nordisk arbejdsmarked for lærere i folkeskolen

Agreement of March 3, 1982 with Finland, Iceland,

Norway and Sweden, for a common market of

northern workforce for teachers in primary schools

European regulations

2005/36/EC, Title III, Chapter I (General system for

the recognition of evidence of training)

Access conditions Bachelor studies, 4 years


procedure / contest

procedure

The application for the equivalence of the diploma in

DK can be submitted by: the person concerned or

other person with power of attorney (proxy) from the

person concerned.

All documents (copies) must be certified to be

"consistent with the original" and translated into

Danish


bodies

Danish Agency for Universities and


Content of the file



etc.)



Bachelor degree supplement (information about

the duration of studies, duration of courses,

ECTS credits, etc.)





Fees N/A

Awarded / certified title Diploma equivalent to the education system in DK


certification

Unlimited


continuous training

According to Danish national regulations for the

specific profession, including those related to

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Consumer Protection



Danmarks Lærerforening (www.dlf.org)


organizations

N/A



ways of recognition

All EU countries


IMIPQNET

yes





secondary school - Public high school teachers: STX, HF: humanist studies, social studies and natural sciences

HHX: entrepreneurship / business, economic studies

HTX: technical / scientific studies

Denomination of

regulated profession /

COR code

233001 (High school, post high school teacher)


Authority CA

Danish Agency for Universities and Internationalisation


profession

National regulations

Ministerial Order on teaching skills in secondary schools

(Bekendtgørelse om undervisningskompetence i de

gymnasiale uddannelser

(pædagogikumbekendtgørelsen): BEK nr. 139 af 23.

februar 2011. Bekendtgørelse af aftale af 29. september

1986 med Finland, Island, Norge og Sverige- om fælles

arbejdsmarked for faglærere og lærere i praktisk-

æstetiske fag i gymnasieskolen (gymnasiet og

erhvervsskolerne)/ Notice of appointment of September

29, 1986 for Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, on

the single labor market for teachers of practical and

aesthetic subjects in secondary school (high school and

vocational schools)

European regulations

2005/36/EC, Title III, Chapter I (General system for the

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recognition of evidence of training)

Access conditions


Validation and

certification procedure /

contest procedure

The application for the equivalence of the diploma in

DK can be submitted by: the person concerned or other

person with power of attorney (proxy) from the person

concerned.

All documents (copies) must be certified to be

"consistent with the original" and translated into Danish


bodies

Danish Agency for Universities and Internationalisation

Content of the file


Proof of professional skills (bachelor diploma, etc.)

Other certificates / diplomas relevant to the exercise

of the profession

Bachelor degree supplement (information about the

duration of studies, duration of courses, ECTS

credits, etc.)




Fees N/A

Awarded / certified title

Diploma equivalent to the education system in DK


certification

Unlimited

Requirements

concerning continuous

training

According to the Danish national regulations for the

specific profession, including those related to Consumer

Protection

Other national

organizations involved in

certification

Danmarks Lærerforening (www.dlf.org)

Membership in

professional

organizations

N/A

Other EU countries

where the profession is

regulated / ways of

recognition

All EU countries

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Existence of the

profession in IMIPQNET

yes

Acces non-naţionali /

recunoaştere


Source:http://en.iu.dk/recognition/dk-recognition-system/procedures[5]

2.4. Procedures for the validation / certification of


teacher in Germany


secondary school - Public primary / secondary school teachers

Denomination of

regulated profession /

COR code




Authority CA

Zentralstelle für ausländisches Billdungswesen


profession

Federal Recognition Act, 1 April 2012 (Gesetz zur

Verbesserung der Feststellung und Anerkennung im

Ausland erworbener Berufsqualifikationen)

EU Directive on the Recognition of Professional

Qualifications (2005/36/EC)

Access conditions


Validation and


contest procedure

Specific to each Land

Generally validation comprises two phases:

1. A validation of specialty knowledge

2. A validation of the experience (practice) in

the field: aptitude test or adaptation period

(internship, Referendariat)


bodies

Central Office for Foreign Education, Ständigen

Konferenz der Kultusminister der Länder in der

Bundesrepublik Deutschland/ The Standing Conference

of the Ministers of Education of the Federal Republic of

Germany

Local authorities in each Land (in some Länder

http://en.iu.dk/recognition/dk-recognition-system/procedures

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teachers are treated as civil servants and the profession

recognition should take account of this fact)

Content of the file


Proof of professional skills (bachelor diploma, etc.

+ diploma supplement)







Proof that the profession is not regulated in the

home country (http://www.anerkennung-in-

deutschland.de/html/en/169.php)

Fees Fees are set at Länder level

Awarded / certified title

Diploma equivalent to the education system in GE /

proper Land


certification

N/A


continuous training

N/A

Other national


certification

N/A

Membership in

professional organizations

N/A



/ ways of recognition

All EU countries

Existence of the profession

in IMIPQNET

yes

Acces non-naţionali /

recunoaştere


Note: Germans people from other countries, who

benefit from the regulations of specific legislation have

a special status Gesetz über die Angelegenheiten der

Vertriebenen und Flüchtlinge/ Law on the problems of

displaced people and refugees;: Bundesvertriebenengesetz,

abbr. BVFG; 19 May, 1953

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2.5 Procedures for the validation / certification of


teacher in Italy


secondary school - Primary / secondary school (lower level, upper

level) [6,7,8].

Denomination of regulated profession /

COR code



Regulatory Competent Authority CA Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università

e della Ricerca (MIUR).

The state sector is the main element of the

Italian educational system but there are

also private schools. The education

system is divided into several stages:

1. pre-school (3-6 years of age)

2. primary school (6-11 years of age)

3. secondary school (lower level (11-14

years of age) / higher level (14-19

years of age)

4. higher education.

Compulsory education

(scuoladell'obbligo) is applicable for the

ages 6 - 16 years.

Legislation governing the profession Under current law, there are two

situations regulated in IT:

1. For European citizens: Decision

«European Parliament and European

Council(2005/36/CE) (IT:2007/286)»

2. For citizens from outside Europe: Law

384/1999

Access conditions Under the reform regarding initial teacher

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training introduced by Ministerial Decree

No 249 of 2010, teachers from pre-

primary and primary education must be

university graduates (with a duration of 5

years, bachelor degree + master), while

teachers at secondary level, in addition to

the academic cycle of 5 years (bachelor

degree + master), must also follow a

specialty training course, with a duration

of 1 year.

Universities provide teacher training

services for their professional

development.

Primary school teachers are generalist

teschers, but they are responsible for a

specific domain.

Secondary school teachers are

specialized teachers.

All teachers are civil servants and are

subject to the legislation specific to this

category of personnel

Validation and certification procedure /

contest procedure

Graduation diploma

Validating and certifying bodies Ministry of Education

Content of the file

• University diploma

• Recognition of certification (Consular

Apostille)

• Curriculum

• Italian language certificate

All documents must be translated into

Italian

Fees N/A for EU citizens

Awarded / certified title Graduate / postgraduate diploma

Validity period of the certification Unlimited

Requirements concerning continuous

training

Yes, for primary / secondary school

teachers, according to Ministerial Decree

No 249 of 2010

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Other national organizations involved in

certification

N/A


organizations

N/A

Other EU countries where the profession

is regulated / ways of recognition

All EU countries


IMIPQNET

Yes

Access of non-national people /

recognition

Knowledge of the Italian language is a

prerequisite. Cases of non-national

candidates are quite rare - generally

foreign language teachers, as native users

thereof (e.g. English teachers).

As already stated, the recognition of

diplomas applies to the professions of

primary / secondary school teacher

(primary / secondary cycle)



teacher in The Netherlands


secondary school - Primary / secondary school (lower level, upper

level) [9,10,11,12].

Denomination of regulated





Authority CA

Ministry of Education, Culture and Science - the

structure of primary and secondary studies is as

follows:

Kleuterschool - kindergarten (4–6 years of

age).

Lagere school – primary education, (6–12

years of age)

Voorbereidend onderwijs wetenschappelijk -

VWO primary / secondary school (12-18

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindergarten

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_education

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years of age)

Hoger onderwijs Algemeen voortgezet -

HAVO general secondary education (12-17

years of age)

Voorbereidend Beroepsonderwijs

middelbaar (VMBO) secondary vocational

education (12-16 years of age)

Onderwijs Speciaal voortgezet secondary

special education (12-18/20 years of age)

Praktijkonderwijs Practical training (12-18

years of age)

Gymnasium –secondary education, (12 – 18 years of

age). At the age of 15, pupils may choose between

alpha profile (gymnasium-α; where they study Greek

and Latin) or beta profile (gymnasium-β; Natural

Sciences and Mathematics).

Schools are generally public, but there is also a small

percentage of private schools


profession

Access conditions

Graduate of university courses (4 years – HBO, hoger

beroepsonderwijs, university of vocational education)

for primary school teacher; for secondary school

teachers 1 year of postgraduate studies is required

Holders of doctorate (PhD) in any field can attend a

postgraduate course (in science education) and then

they can teach at any level of secondary school -

becoming owners of a Level 1 qualification (i.e.

Master in Educational Sciences).

Level 2 qualification (i.e. Bachelor in Educational

Sciences) enables the provision of didactic activities

only for the first three years of HAVO and VWO

school types and for all years of VMBO school types

Validation and


contest procedure

Graduation diploma


bodies

University graduated (HBO)

Content of the file N/A

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)

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Fees 600E for RO and BG citizens (for the rest of EU

citizens no taxes are required)

Awarded / certified title Graduate / postgraduate diploma


certification

Unlimited


continuous training

Starting with 2006, the "Agreement on the

professionalisation and support of the staff in primary /

secondary school, with education sector employers

and associations of employees” was concluded.

The agreement aims at the expansion of opportunities

for professional development of teachers. The

agreement includes the regulations regarding the

maintenance of requirements for the competence of

teachers.

Other national


certification

N/A

Membership in


N/A



/ ways of recognition

All EU countries


in IMIPQNET

Yes



Knowledge of Dutch is a prerequisite. Cases of non-

national candidates are quite rare - generally foreign

language teachers, as native users thereof (e.g. English

teachers).

The recognition of diplomas (under the restrictive

conditions mentioned above) applies to the professions

of primary / secondary school teacher (primary /

secondary cycle)



teacher in Spain

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secondary school - Pre-primary / primary / secondary school

[13,14,15].

Denomination of

regulated

profession / COR

code



Regulatory

Competent

Authority CA

Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte/ Ministry of

Education, Culture and Sport

The state sector is the main sector of the Spanish education

system. The education system is divided into the following

cycles:

1. Pre-school (Educación Infantil, Segundo ciclo) - 3 to 6

years of age

2. Primary school (Educación Primaria) with six years of

schooling - 6 to 12 years of age

3. Compulsory secondary education (Educación

Secundaria Obligatoria), four years of schooling - 12 to

16 years of age

4. Post-compulsory school (Bachillerato) two years

schooling - 16 to 18 years of age

Vocational education is possible in Spain after high school

graduation or after obtaining a diploma certifying school

graduation (ESO)

Legislation

governing the

profession

Under current legislation, the educational regulation of ES is

made by Ley Orgánica 2/2006, de 3 de mayo, de Educación -

Organic Law of Education, May 3/2, 2006

In addition, teachers are civil servants, at the same time.

Access conditions

1. For pre-primary education cycle, teachers must hold a

Maestro / Professor certificate with pre-primary specialization,

with a duration of three years, or have the appropriate degree

in education (Grado en Educación Infantil), with a duration of

four years.

2. For primary education, teachers must hold a Maestro /

Professor certificate with specialization corresponding to

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primary education, with a duration of three years, or have the

appropriate degree in education (Grado en Educación Infantil),

with a duration of four years.

For teachers who teach in lower secondary education (ESO)

and those who teach in upper secondary education

(Bachillerato), a university degree, Licenciado, architect or

engineer or appropriate degree (Grado) is required, which is

obtained after completing university studies of four, five or six

years.

Also, starting October 1, 2009 and in accordance with the

Bologna agreement it is necessary that all secondary school

teachers have an appropriate certificate regarding the

attendance to a pedagogical and didactic training module.

Validation and

certification

procedure / contest

procedure

The application for the equivalence of the diploma in Spain

can be submitted by: the person concerned or other person

with power of attorney (proxy) from the person concerned.

Procedure:

1. At the office where documents are submitted,

either in Bucharest or in Spain, the Diploma and

Transcript of Records will be returned, after being

photocopied and certified.

2. Upon completion of the evaluation process of the

application of equivalence, the Ministry of Education

and Science will send the person concerned, at the

address indicated in the application form, the

certificate regarding the obtainment of diploma

equivalence.

Validating and

certifying bodies

Ministry of Education and Science of Spain

Content of the file

Ministry of Education and Science of Spain:

1. Standard application ("Solicitud de Homologacion de titulo

Extranjero de educacion Superior / Application for the

homologation of the title of higher education obtained abroad")

- It is obtained from the Attaché Education Bureau or the

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Internet:

http://www.mec.es/mecd/titulos/files/Anexo9-2.doc

In this document, in section 3 ("Datos relativos a la solicitud /

Data regarding the application") you must indicate the Spanish

university degree corresponding to the one obtained in

Romania. If advice is needed in this regard, the applicant may

address the staff of the Attaché Education Bureau.

2. Stamped photocopy of the passport ("Compulsa") - it can be

obtained in Romania from the Attaché Education Bureau or the

Embassy of Spain (1 Tirana Street). In Spain, it can be

obtained from any official body.

3. The bachelor degree - authenticated by the Centre for

Recognition and Equivalence of Diplomas (Ministry of

National Education), certified by Hague Apostille - will be

sent to Spain in certified photocopy;

4. The translation in Spanish of the Diploma - notarised and

superlegalized with the Hague Apostille (Court of Appeal of

the town of the applicant);

5. The Transcript of Records legalized with the Hague

Apostille;

6. The translation in Spanish of the Transcript of Records,

notarised and superlegalized with the Hague Apostille;

7. The syllabus (optional). No need for legalization or

superlegalization.

8. Unofficial translation of the syllabus (optional).

9. Bank transfer order to justify the tax equivalence payment

(84.89 euros) in the account:

Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia/ Ministry of Education and

Science

Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA)

C/Alcala, 16, 28014, Madrid

Account number: 01822370440200203771

Swift code: ES4101822370440200203771

Fees 84.89E

Awarded / certified

title

Graduate / postgraduate diploma

Validity period of

the certification

Unlimited

Requirements

concerning

continuous training

Yes, for primary / secondary school teachers

Generally these requirements depend on the (Autonomous)

Local Community and the type of education institution (public

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/ private)

Other national

organizations

involved in

certification

N/A

Membership in

professional

organizations

N/A

Other EU countries

where the

profession is

regulated / ways of

recognition

All EU countries

Existence of the

profession in

IMIPQNET

Yes

Acces non-naţionali

/ recunoaştere



competence of the profession of primary and secondary

teacher in Austria


secondary school - Primary school teachers





Authority CA

Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung/ Ministerul Federal al Științei și Cercetării


profession

a. 1990 Pupils' Representation Act

[Schülervertretungsgesetz]

b. 1997 School Education Act for People under

Employment [Schulunterrichtsgesetz für

Berufstätige]

c. 1997 "Reifeprüfung"- and TVE-Exam Act

[Berufsreifeprüfungsgesetz]

Access conditions Bachelor studies, four years in a faculty accredited in

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the country of origin (EU)

Procedura de validare şi

certificare / concurs

Documents are checked by the certification bodies.

If the verification of documents leads to the

conclusion that the applicant does not meet the

recognition requirements, he/she may be requireed to

meet additional requirements (in accordance with

Austrian law): teaching practical courses, further

examinations, etc.

If the equivalence of Diplomas is not possible, the

candidate may enroll in a university in AT and can

mutualize only certain courses.


bodies

Universities (of any type) in AT

Content of the file

(Copy of the) IC / Passport

Proof of status of the HEI completed

Detailed documents on the specialization

graduated (curriculum of the courses taken,

bachelor diploma, etc + diploma supplement,

scientific works, etc.)



Proof that validation is required (relevant

legislation or required by the employer) to pursue

a particular profession

Memorandum of activity (completed by the

applicant)

All documents shall be submitted both in original and

certified copies (and translated into German)

Fees 150E

Awarded / certified title Diploma equivalent to the education system in AT.


certification

N/A


continuous training

According to the specific legislation in AT

Other national


certification

N/A

Membership in N/A

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ways of recognition

All EU countries


in IMIPQNET

Yes





competence of the profession of primary and secondary

teacher in the Czech Republic


secondary school

Primary / secondary school teachers, high school

teachers






Authority CA

Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports


profession

Act No. 111/1998 Coll., On Higher Education

Institutions and On Alterations and Amendments of

Certain Acts (Higher Education Act)

Bilateral conventions:

Bulgaria (No. 43/1983 Coll.), Hungary (No.

92/2005 Coll.I.A.), Poland (No. 104/2006 Coll.I.A.),

Slovakia (No. 33/2001 Coll.I.A.), Slovenia (No.

52/2000 Coll.I.A.)

Access conditions

Bachelor studies, four years in a faculty accredited

in the country of origin (EU)


procedure / contest

procedure

Documents are checked by the certification bodies.

If home preparation differs significantly from that in

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the Czech Republic compensatory measures

embodied in completing an adaptation period or an

aptitude test are required.


bodies

Public universities in the Czech Republic

Content of the file


Proof of professional skills (high school

diploma, bachelor diploma, etc. + diploma

supplement)






Justification for the request for recognition of

the profession

All documents must be translated into Czech /

English

Fees N/A

Awarded / certified title Diploma equivalent to the education system in CZ.

The answer is given within 30 ... 60 days


certification

N/A


continuous training

N/A



N/A


organizations

N/A



ways of recognition

All EU countries


IMIPQNET

yes

Access of non-national people

/ recognition


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3. Processes of recognition of qualifications acquired in

other EU MS

3.1. The process of recognition of the qualification of

primary / secondary school teacher in Romania

Directorate General for Management, Human Resources and

Educational Network - DGMHREN within the Ministry of National

Education has, in IMI System, the role of Competent Authority for the

profession of primary / secondary school teacher.

DGMHREN issues certificates of compliance [27] for the recognition

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of professional qualifications in EU Member States, European

Economic Area and the Swiss Confederation for the profession of

primary / secondary school teacher.

Ministry of National Education - Directorate General for Management,

Human Resources and Educational Network

28-38 Gen. Berthelot Street, 1st District, 010168 Bucharest

Telephone number: +4 021 4056200, +4 021 4056300

Recommended website address: http://edu.ro/index.php/articles/c673

There is no description of the procedure for the recognition of the

qualification / profession of preuniveristy education teacher acquired in

another EU country.

IMI System

IMI-NET application that allows the formal exchange of information

between all competent authorities, national coordinators and

delegates is fully functional since February 22, 2008.

On June 23, 2008 the official launch of the Internal Market

Information System in Romania took place in Bucharest. CNRED

implements in Romania the Internal Market Information System -

IMI, component PQ for professional qualifications in Romania. The are

three components in IMI System:

- PQ - professional qualifications

http://edu.ro/index.php/articles/c673

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- S - services

- PoW - Posting of workers

Table no. 4 presents the statistic data provided by the European

Commission's website on 31.03. 2013 and taken from [28].

Table no. 4

Total

applications

in IMI

12190 9908 1063 1219

Year PQ S WoP

374 2008 374 - -

1452 2009 1404 48 -

2017 2010 1836 181 -

2699 2011 2166 352 181

4306 2012 3091 409 806

1342 2013 1037 73 232

Of the 9908 applications for IMI PQ, 1086 requests were handled

by the Ministry of Health in Romania. Taking the relationship

between Romania and Denmark as an example, 61 applications

were received from Denmark to Romania, and none from Romania

to Denmark. Of the 61 applications, 5 applications were submitted

to the Ministry of National Education.


primary / secondary school teacher in the Netherlands [17]

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The requirements for obtaining a teaching qualification in the

Netherlands are the following:

Possession of a foreign higher education diploma

Education obtained abroad must be comparable with the

corresponding one in the Netherlands

One must be able to prove the possession of a similar

qualification in the home country

The profession of teacher for vocational education and adult education

does not require a teaching qualification in the country of origin. In this

case, a foreign higher education diploma (not a teacher diploma) to

prove that the studies are comparable to those in the Netherlands is

sufficient. Additional requirements regarding educational theory and

methods of teaching may be imposed.

The sufficient knowledge of the Dutch language is stipulated.

The application form containing information about the evidence to be

provided will be downloaded. Application for a Dutch teaching

qualification (107Kb, pdf)


primary / secondary school teacher in Spain

http://www.duo.nl/Images/5264E_tcm7-39905.pdf

http://www.duo.nl/Images/5264E_tcm7-39905.pdf

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The recognition of the qualification in order to exercise the profession

of teacher in secondary education in Spain is carried out differently

depending on how the school where the person will exercise the

profession is financed. Thus, for:

- Public education, publicly owned schools, financed by the

public budget (66.1% of all secondary schools), there is a

requirement that the applicant be a citizen of the EU and

undergo a very rigorous selection process

- Religious education, private schools (30.5% of the total),

financed by the public budget (mostly Catholic) - EU

citizenship is not required, only a visa is required; the selection

process is an open process, but certification is required

- Private education, private property schools and private funding

budget (3.4% of the total of schools) - EU citizenship is not

required (only a visa is required); open selection process

(certification required) and participation in international and

foreign programs (foreign certification)


primary / secondary school teacher in Great Britain [19]

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As discussed in Chapter 2, paragraph 2.2.1. Factsheet of the regulated

profession in Great Britain, the authority that validates, certifies and

recognizes the teaching profession in Scotland is The General Teaching

Council for Scotland. In Framework for Professional Recognition /

Registration: Advice and Guidance for Teachers [19], published in

August 2007 by GTC Scotland the logical flowchart of this recognition

process is presented in detail, which, through its complexity and the

manner in which the process quality is ensured, can represent a model.

The complete documentation for the obtainment of professional

recognition is submitted to Professional Learning Development (PLD)

Department, General Teaching Council for Scotland, Clerwood House,

96 Clermiston Road, Edinburgh EH12 6UT. The recognition obtained is

valid for 5 years.

To teach in public schools or in several academies in England [22] a

person in the EEA must have Teacher Status (QTS-Qualified Teacher

Status), which is the professional qualification for teachers. European

citizens who are recognized as qualified teachers in another EEA

Member State may apply for QTS in England, under Directive

2005/36/EC without having to undergo further training as a teacher in

England. An application for QTS shall be sent to the Teaching Agency.

The application form in Annex no. 5 shall be filled in, following the

filling instructions.

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If the Teaching Agency is unable to grant QTS, the applicant will have

to follow a course of initial teacher training in England leading to QTS.

There is a wide range of training options available which can found out

from this site:

http://www.education.gov.uk/schools/careers/careeropportunities/

overseas-trainedteachers/a00199246/teachers-from-the-european-

economic-area-eea


primary / secondary school teacher in Denmark [20]

The legal framework for the recognition of teacher qualification for

primary / secondary school (primary, lower and upper secondary) is

ensured by two laws, namely:

- School Act – Folkeskole Act - Consolidation Act No. 998 of 16

August 2010 (Bekendtgørelse af lov om folkeskolen)

- Act on the Training of Teachers for the Danish school

Folkeskole - Act No. 579 of 9 June 2006 (Lov om uddannelsen

til professionsbachelor som lærer i folkeskolen)

Holders of teacher qualifications obtained in their home country, who

want to teach in municipal secondary school for the primary and lower

secondary education may apply to the Danish Agency for Universities

http://www.education.gov.uk/schools/careers/careeropportunities/overseas-trainedteachers/a00199246/teachers-from-the-european-economic-area-eea



https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=133039



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and Internationalisation for the obtainment of the authorization to teach

in primary and lower secondary education. Applicants must fill in the

application form (Appendix 4), which can also be found at:

http://fivu.dk/en/education-and-institutions/recognition-and-

transparency/regulated-professions/teachers-with-non-danish-

qualifications/folkeskole-teacher

If the Agency recognizes the qualification held by the applicant, he/she

will receive a letter informing him/her that he/she could apply for the

teaching positions in Danish Folkeskole. In some cases, the Agency

gives conditional approval. To obtain the final approval, one of the

following requirements must be met:

the completion of one or two courses / major subjects or

teaching at a teacher training college / university college.

performing an adaptation period of up to two years (only applies

to EU and EEA citizens).

After having met the requirement, the applicant should contact the

Agency for the final approval.

You can apply for temporary jobs (as substitute teacher) in Folkeskole

without any authorization from the Danish Agency for Universities and

Internationalisation. Schools can hire people with relevant qualifications

http://fivu.dk/en/education-and-institutions/recognition-and-transparency/regulated-professions/teachers-with-non-danish-qualifications/folkeskole-teacher



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to teach certain subjects (faglærer, in accordance with Section 28, para.

2 of the Law of lower secondary education), but it should be noted that

schools do so only under special conditions. It is also stated that Danish

is the language of instruction in Folkeskole.

3.6. The process of recognition of the qualification of primary /

secondary school teacher in The Czech Republic [23]

In the Czech Republic the law governing the recognition of

qualifications and other skills of the citizens of the MS is Law no.

18/2004, which can be studied on the website

http://uok.msmt.cz/uok/home.php. The Centre for recognition of

qualifications has the following contact details: Ministerstvo

školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and

Sports)

Centrum uznávání odborných kvalifikací (Centre for Recognition of

Professional Qualifications)

Odbor dalšího vzdělávání (Adult Education Department)

Karmelitská 7- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Centre for

Professional Qualifications, Department of Adult Education

118 12 Praha 1

Tel.: + 420 257 193 376

Tel.: + 420 257 193 579

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E-mail: [email protected]

Web: www.msmt.cz

The recognition procedure includes the following steps:

1. obtaining the application form for the recognition of professional

qualifications, as follows:

Downloading it from the website

Or

Obtaining it from: The respective Competent Authority, the

Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (as a contact point)

2. filling in the form and submitting the documents required

In accordance with Section 22, Part 2 of the Act on the recognition of

professional qualifications (hereinafter the Act), the applicant states the

following information in the form:

Name and surname

Date of birth, nationality

Mailing address

Regulated profession which the person intends to practice in the

Czech Republic

http://www.msmt.cz/

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Pursued form of the regulated profession: independent person or

an agent under the form of an independent person or as

employee

The application must be supported by:

ID card, proof of nationality and, if legal evidence for

certification are required and introduced in Section 1 Par. 2

of Act no. 18/2004 Col. Act on Professional Qualifications

Proof of other competence

Document confirming payment

The administrative fee for the analysis of the application for

Recognition of Professional Qualifications is 2000 - CZK. If the

recognition role of the authority is taken over by a professional

association, the fee will be specified by the the respective association.

The proof of professional qualification includes:

The proof of education and training that clearly specifies the

level of education attained (eg. primary, secondary, post

secondary, higher-bachelor degree or master) which equally

involves the duration and content of education and training

received

Document confirming the practice of that profession,

providing the information necessary for the examination of

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Recognition of prPfessional Qualification, including duration,

content and form followed in that profession. The identity card

and proof of nationality are submitted in photocopies. However,

the competent authority may require originals for review.

Originals or certified photocopies of the professional

qualification and of other competence are shown only if the

competent authority cannot verify the authenticity of such

documents through administrative cooperation. Evidence of

professional qualifications and other competence of the

applicant, in foreign languages, must be translated into the

Czech language unless an international treaty (Hague

Convention abolishing the requirement for legalisation of

Foreign Public Documents), binding the Czech Republic,

determines otherwise. If the recognition authority questions the

authenticity of the translation or if the proof of the

administrative authenticity cannot be attained, the authority is

authorized to request proof translated into Czech by one of the

interpreters on the list of experts and translators.

3. completing the application form with the annexes to be submitted

to the competent authority

It is also possible to submit the application to the Ministry of

Education, Youth and Sports which is bound to send it to the

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competent authority without delay. The recognition of the

professional qualification is conducted in the Czech language.

4. the decision regarding the application

In accordance with Section 24 para. 5 of the Act, the recognition

authority is bound to decide without delay, but within 60 days

after the complete application has been submitted, ie including all

the data and documents required for the examination. If

consolidated proceedings or particularly complex situations, the

recognition authority, under section 25, paragraph 2, is required to

reach a decision within 90 days. When the decision comes into

legal force, the recognition authority shall reimburse the

documents submitted by the applicant within 15 working days

(proof of professional qualifications, proof of competence or other

proof of citizenship), if documents were attached as original or

certified copies.

The Recognition Authority issues a decision certifying that:

• the professional qualification is recognized; or

• prior to recognition, compensatory measures to be taken are required

from the applicant (in the form of an adaptation period or an aptitude

test); or

• the application for the recognition of professional qualifications is

rejected.

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5. the opportunity to appeal against the decision of the authority

regarding the recognition

An appeal may be lodged against the decisions issued by a central

administrative body as a central recognition authority (Section

152, Code of Administrative Procedure), as for the case of

recognition of professional qualifications. The Minister or the

head of the central administrative authority accepts the appeal

having regard to the opinion of a special committee, the so-called

"Permanent Appeal Committee". Time limit for the submission of

the action is limited to 15 days following the announcement of the

decision (with the exception that the applicant was not properly

informed about the possibility of appeal and about the period to

lodge it - see section 84 and 85 of the Code of administrative

Procedure). The period for the hearing of the appeal, ie the

problem of the decision regarding the appeal is governed by

section 71 of the Code of Administrative Procedure.

In some cases, decisions may be reviewed by a court on an

administrative basis (Section 65 of Act No. 150/2002 Coll. Act on

administrative court proceedings) or a civil suit (Section 246 of

Law No. 99/1963 Coll., Act on the procedure of civil courts). An

administrative action may be filed if the decision of the

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recognition authority infringes the rights of the applicant, is

incompetent or illegal. The civil action may be filed, if the

recognition authority gives a decision within its jurisdiction, but

about a civil case (Section 68, letter b) of the Act on

administrative court proceedings). The appeal period provided

according to the nature of the action - administrative or civil

(section 72 of Act No. 150/2002 Coll and section 247 of Act

No.99/1963 Coll "the action is filed within a period of 2 months

from the date of delivery of the decision issued by the

administrative authority").


secondary school teacher in Italy [24]

For the recognition of the teaching qualification, the person concerned

should contact the Ministry of Education, University and Research -

Department of Education - Directorate General for the School System

and School Autonomy - Bureau IX - Viale Trastevere 76 / A - 00153

ROMA-Ministero dell’Istruzione dell’Università e della Ricerca –

Dipartimento dell’Istruzione – Direzione Generale per gli Ordinamenti

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Scolastici e per l’Autonomia Scolastica – Ufficio IX – Viale Trastevere

76/A – 00153 ROMA.

To exercise the teaching profession, the adequate knowledge of the

Italian language is indispensable, because language skills are explicitly

part of the profession itself.

For EU citizens and foreigners who want to teach in schools in the

Italian school system, evaluation methods and documentation of

knowledge of the Italian language are governed by Ministerial Circular

no. 81 of September 23, 2010.

CELI 5 DOC is a certification of knowledge of Italian language for

those seeking recognition of professional qualifications in order to

practice the teaching profession in schools in Italy with tuition in Italian.

It is issued by the Centre for Language Certificates Assessment within

the University for Foreigners of Perugia. This certification attests full

possession and full control of the language in the C2 level of the

Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.

Ministerial Circular no. 81 of September 23, 2010 provides for cases

that may be exempt from the language certificate submission and can

be found on the website

http://hubmiur.pubblica.istruzione.it/web/istruzione/riconosciment

o-professione-docente.


secondary school teacher in Austria [25]

http://hubmiur.pubblica.istruzione.it/web/istruzione/riconoscimento-professione-docente


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In Austria there is a number of professions and occupations regulated

under the authority of different agencies that are also responsible for the

recognition procedure. In many cases, the competent authority is the

region (Land), in others, the chambers of federal ministries. The Federal

Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth is the national coordinator and

international contact point. Access:

http://www.en.bmwfj.gv.at/Vocationaltraining/Seiten/Recognition

ofdiplomasintheEU.aspx


secondary school teacher in Germany [26]

The situation of regulated professions in Germany is similar to that in

Austria, mostly being realized at Länder level. For information you can

contact recognition and counseling centers, whose contact details can be

found on the websites below: http://www.anerkennung-in-

deutschland.de/tools/berater/en/berater;

http://anabin.kmk.org/no_cache/filter/anerkennungs-und-

beratungsstellen-in-deutschland.html

Standard procedure for the recognition of a qualification

http://www.en.bmwfj.gv.at/Vocationaltraining/Seiten/RecognitionofdiplomasintheEU.aspx


http://www.anerkennung-in-deutschland.de/tools/berater/en/berater

http://www.anerkennung-in-deutschland.de/tools/berater/en/berater

http://anabin.kmk.org/no_cache/filter/anerkennungs-und-beratungsstellen-in-deutschland.html


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Based on the analysis of the qualification recognition procedures

for each profession in part, common elements of procedure for

each Competent Authority have been identified. By analyzing the

procedure elements, specific to each profession, a number of

common procedure elements, specific to each domain, have been

established. Based on the generalization of the results obtained for

each competent authority, and on data directly known from the

general process of recognition of qualifications / regulated

professions, a standard procedure for the recognition of regulated

professions has been developed and it can be represented

schematically as in Fig. no. 2.

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[START; APPLICANT; APPLICANT INFORMATION by the contact point within the

host Member State; SUBMISSION OF DOCUMENTS requested by Competent

Authority; CHECKING THE CONTENT OF THE FILE (formal checking) AND

FULFILLMENT OF CONDITIONS (IMI); Notifications, Additions; Are compensatory

measures necessary? YES, It does not fall into one of the situations provided by Law

200; Tests, Adaptation periods; Language skills assessment; Exam; Assessment result?

Rejected / Admitted; Rejection of professional qualification recognition; STOP;

SOLVIT; NO, It falls into one of the situations provided by Law 200; Interview;

Recognition of professional qualification; Fees; Development of certificate;

Subscription in CA Register; STOP; *In some cases, fees are charged on submission of

the file and partial refunded if the qualification is not recognized, while in other cases,

they are collected before the interview]

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Fig. no. 2 Standard procedure for the recognition of a qualification

This procedure is contained in the Guidance standard reference

terms for the validation and certification procedures of

competences and qualifications recognition processes, developed

as a result of the project

4. SOLVIT

SOLVIT [15] is a problem-solving network in which EU

Member States work together to solve problems occurred due to

improper application of Internal Market law by public authorities,

without using legal procedures. SOLVIT deals with cross-border issues

arising between a business or a citizen on the one hand and a public

authority on the other hand, where there is the possibility that

Community law had been applied improperly. Policy areas most

commonly handled by SOLVIT are:

Professional recognition of qualifications and diplomas;

Access to education;

Residence permits;

Voting rights;

Social security;

Employment rights;

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Driving licenses;

Registration of motor vehicles;

Border control;

Market access for products;

Market access for services;

Establishment as independent;

Public procurement;

Taxation;

Free movement of capital and payments.

When you submit a case to SOLVIT, the local SOLVIT center

(known as "Home" SOLVIT center) will first check the details of the

complaint of the applicant to ensure that it is really a misapplication of

internal market rules and that all necessary information was provided.

Thereafter, it shall enter the case into a computer database and the

information will be automatically sent to SOLVIT Centre in the other

Member States in which the problem occurred (known as "Responsible"

SOLVIT center).

The responsible SOLVIT centre should confirm whether it will

take the presented case, within a week. This largely depends on whether

the case is considered to be well founded and on the existence of the

possibility of being resolved pragmatically. If solving a problem

involves the repeal of a national law - and not just applying it properly -

this sometimes requires formal legal action. In some cases, however,

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SOLVIT can take steps to persuade the Member State to waive the

application of incorrect rules, even before the abrogation of the law in

question.

The two SOLVIT centers will work together to try to solve the

problem and the "home" SOLVIT center will inform the applicant on

the progress of the case.

The following are the national SOLVIT centers of analyzed

European Union Member States:

Table no. 5

European Union

Member State SOLVIT Center Contact persons

The Czech Republic

Odbor vnitřního trhu a služeb EU,

Ministerstvo průmyslu a obchodu/

Department of Internal Market and

Services Policy, Ministry of Industry and

Trade / Na Františku 32 CZ - 11015 Praha 1,

Tel. +420 22 4221701,Fax. +420 22 485

3079, [email protected]

Barbora Hanáková

Zuzana Bakotová

Tomáš Stehlík

Denmark

Danish Business Authority

(Internal Market Centre),

Langelinie Allé 17 DK - 2100 Copenhagen,

Tel. +45 35 46 62 00 (the hotline)

Tel. +45 35 46 66 16

Tel. +45 35 46 66 73, [email protected]

Jens Kasper

Rasmussen

Sofie Freilev

Karin Kragshave

Kristian Yde Agerbo

Germany

Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft

und Technologie/ Federal Ministry of

Economics and Technology, Scharnhorststr.

Lisa Teichmann

mailto:[email protected]


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34-37, DE - 10115 Berlin, Fax. +49 3018

6155379,[email protected]

Spain

SOLVIT - España

Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de

Cooperación /SOLVIT Spain, Ministry of

Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Serrano

Galvache 26

ES - 28033 Madrid, Tel. +34 91 379 9999

Fax. +34 91 394 8684, [email protected]

Ana Iglesias

Ana María Hernández

Javier Pascual

Pontones

European Union

Member State SOLVIT Center Contact persons

Italy

Presidenza Consiglio Ministri

Dipartimento Politiche Comunitarie/

Presidency of the Council of

Ministers, Department of

Community policy, Piazza Nicosia 20

IT - 00186 Roma,

Tel. +39 06 677 95 844

Fax. +39 06 677 95 044,

[email protected]

Giuseppina VALENTE

Francesco CIPRI

Massimo SANTORELLI

The Netherlands

SOLVIT Nederland

Ministerie van Economische Zaken,

Landbouw en Innovatie/ SOLVIT

the Netherlands, Ministry of

Economic Affairs, Agriculture and

Innovation

Bezuidenhoutseweg 30

Postbus 20101

NL - 2500 EC Den Haag,

Koen van Ginneken




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Tel. +31 70 379 7708

Fax. +31 70 379 7014

[email protected]

Austria

Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft,

Familie und Jugend, SOLVIT

Center / Federal Ministry of

Economy, Family and Youth, Solvit

Center, Abteilung C1/2, Stubenring

1

AT - 1010 Wien,

Tel. +43 1 71100-5119

Tel. +43 1 71100 - 5293

Tel. +43 1 71100-5187

Fax. +43 1 71100-2207

[email protected]

Sylvia Vana

Alexandra Gaudmann-

Heber

Christian Müller

European Union Member

State SOLVIT Center Contact persons

Romania

Ministerul Afacerilor Europene,

Guvernul României / Ministry of

European Affairs, Government of

Romania

Bvd. Aviatorilor nr. 50A, Sector 1,

Bucureşti 011854,

Tel. +40 21 308 53 40

Tel. +4021 308 53 71

Tel. +40 37 410 45 23

Fax. +40 21 308 53 96

[email protected]

Romulus BENA

Karina STAN

Ramona-Maria CIUCĂ

Great Britain Department for Business, Innovation and Skills

Chris Korcz




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1 Victoria Street

UK - London SW1H 0ET Tel. +44 20 7215 2833

Fax. +44 20 7215 2234

[email protected]

5. The practice of the profession of primary / secondary

school teacher in the EU

According to the information presented in Chapter 3 it follows that

the teaching profession in primary / secondary school can be exercised

both in public education and private education. In Romania Law no.

1/2011 specifies, in Chapter II, Art. 22, that: The national system of

primary / secondary school consists of all state, private and religious

authorized / accredited schools. Therefore, in order to practice the

profession the conditions are the same for all the educational

institutions in the national system, regardless of the form of financing

and ownership. In other countries, requirements are different (Spain,

UK), stringent conditions of access being imposed only for public

education.

In Romania, the method for filling up didactic vacant positions in

primary / secondary school is established annually by Order of the

Minister of National Education. For school year 2013-2014 the

Framework Methodology on the mobility of teaching staff in primary /

secondary school is subject to Order of the Minister of Education,

Research, Youth and Sport no. 6239/14.11.2012.


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From the point of view of mobility recorded in the profession, with

examples for the teacher of secondary education (Secondary school

teacher) in the period 2007-2012, in Romania, we recorded 82 requests

for applications for recognition in order to practice on a permanent

basis, and 1162 as country of origin (in which the qualification was

obtained). As host country, Romania received teacher qualified people

from Hungary, Great Britain, Germany, France and Belgium, according

to Figure no. 3.

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[HUNGARY, GREAT BRITAIN, GERMANY, FRANCE, BELGIUM,

OTHER COUNTRIES]

Figure 3. The top five countries where professionals who migrated temporarily in

Romania in the period 2007-2012 have obtained the qualification of teacher *†

States where a significant number of people whose teaching

qualification obtained in Romania has been recognized are Great

Britain, Germany, Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands (Figure no. 4

and 5).

* Figures 3,4,5 are taken from the website of the European Commission and

processed by the author

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[GREAT BRITAIN, GERMANY, BELGIUM, DENMARK, THE

NETHERLANDS, OTHER COUNTRIES]

Figure 4. The top five host countries where people qualified as a teacher in Romania had

their qualification recognized in the period 2007-2012

Recognition in the host country

Qualificati

on

obtained

in

AT BE CY DK FI DE EL HU IT NL UK

RO 22 118 17 45 12 340 24 17 27 38 1162

Total 22 118 17 45 12 340 24 17 27 38 1162

Figure 5- Distribution by Member States of applications for the recognition of teacher

qualification obtained in Romania

Ways of employment [21]

Teachers are public servants in a minority of countries.

Many teachers in Europe are currently employed on a contract basis.

Although many countries provide a status of civil servant to teachers,

only in a minority of countries (Spain, Greece, France and Cyprus)

teachers benefit from the specific status of career civil servants

employed on an indefinite period as the only way of employment. In

general, teachers seem to be increasingly recruited through open

recruitment directly by their employers, that are often schools and local

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education authorities. Few countries resort to competitive examinations

as a method of recruitment.

Data from TALIS 2008 international survey also show that although,

overall, the majority of teachers in the participating European countries

have permanent contracts, after a certain number of years, in some

countries not a negligible percentage of teachers is employed on a fixed

term, in some cases, even including teachers with many years of

experience.

Teachers in Europe mainly enter the profession through open

recruitment methods [21]. The entry into the teaching profession for

fully qualified teachers may be managed by different administrative

levels and in accordance with different procedures.

The term "open recruitment" refers to the method of recruitment where

responsibility for publishing vacancies, requesting applications and

selecting candidates is decentralized. Recruitment is usually the

responsibility of the school, sometimes in collaboration with the local

authority. Most European countries operate a system of open

recruitment. For example, in the Netherlands, schools or school councils

implement their own procedures on recruitment. Any person who is a

qualified teacher can be appointed to a teaching position for the subject

and level of education or type of school for which he/she is qualified.

There is no government program for the equitable distribution of

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teachers among schools. Teachers are free to apply for any job they

want and can change jobs if they want so.

A minority of countries, especially in southern Europe, organizes

competitive, public exams, contests organized at central level to select

candidates for the teaching profession. In Greece, Spain, France, Malta,

Liechtenstein and Turkey it is the only method used to recruit teachers.

In Spain, for example, access to a teaching position in public schools is

achieved through a competitive examination / contest (Concurso-

oposición). The examination consists of three stages:

knowledge assessment stage, specific to the relevant field of

the specialization, teaching skills and mastering necessary

teaching techniques,

evaluation stage, with criteria established for each call regarding

candidates' characteristics (education and previous teaching

experience) and

a probationary period during which selected candidates must

demonstrate their teaching skills.

In Italy, the main method of recruitment is the contest. There are lists of

candidates established at provincial level, which include not only

prospective teachers who have passed competitive examinations, but

also those who have obtained Qualified Teacher Status through sporadic

procedures (particularly unqualified teachers with at least 360 days of

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teaching experience) or participation in SSIS (former post-graduate

specialization schools for teaching at secondary level).

Finally, six countries or regions make use of the so-called "list of

candidates" for the recruitment of teachers.

In Europe, different levels of administration (central, regional, local and

school) are responsible for hiring teachers. The administrative level

responsible for the teachers that it uses usually correlates closely with

their professional status. Teachers who are career civil servants are

usually employed by central or regional authorities. In some cases

central governments could also engage teachers with civil servant status

or contractual status. If the employer is the school or local authorities, in

most cases, teachers have contractual status.

In Denmark, Finland, Norway and Iceland (ISCED 0, 1 and 2) and in

the Netherlands, Hungary and the United Kingdom (Scotland), the

employer of teachers working only in public schools is the local

authority. Schools are solely responsible for hiring teachers in Bulgaria,

the Czech Republic, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,

Slovenia, Slovakia and Croatia. Finally, in three countries, the

responsibility for hiring teachers varies by category of school (Belgium,

Sweden and Great Britain - England, Wales and Northern Ireland).

In most cases, the level of education in which a teacher is active, has no

connection with the hiring authority. It only differs in a limited number

of countries, such as Germany and Austria, where the employer for

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teachers in pre-primary education is the municipality / the local

authority for education and therefore, different from secondary (lower

and upper), primary and general education.

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6. Conclusions

1. The profession of primary / secondary school teacher is

regulated for all sub-systems of primary / secondary school (pre-

primary, primary, lower and higher secondary, vocational) in all

EU countries, both in terms of training and exercise of the

profession.

2. In terms of academic training and qualification level all countries

comply with Directive 2005/36/EC on the recognition of

professional qualifications.

3. There are differences between countries regarding didactic and

psycho-pedagogic training, in terms of length and share of

practical training, the simultaneous or consecutive manner for

such training in relation to specific specialization training.

Regarding the exercise of the profession, there are also big

differences between countries regarding access manner (through

competition, open recruitment, candidate lists, etc), employee

status (civil servant or contractual staff), also depending on the

type of employing institution (public, private, religious).

4. These differences hinder teacher mobility and the process of

recognizing of qualification in order to exercise the profession in

a country other than the country of origin, as also evidenced by

statistics.

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7. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS PAPER

MNE – Ministry of National Education

NCA – National Qualifications Authority

IPS – Institute for Social Policy

EC – European Commission

MS – Member State

CA – Competent Authority

EQF – European Qualifications Framework

CEN – European Committee for Standardization

EEA – European Economic Area

ECTS/SECT – European Credit Transfer System

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8. REFERENCES

1. National Education Law no. 1/2011

2. Law no. 200/2004 on the recognition of diplomas and professional

qualifications for the professions regulated in Romania

3. www.imipqnet.ro

4..http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/regprof/index.cfm?

action=profession&id_profession=3121

5. http://en.iu.dk/recognition/dk-recognition-system/procedures

6.http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/documents/eurybase/nati

onal_summary_sheets/047_IT_EN.pdf

7. http://www.justlanded.com/english/Italy/Italy-

Guide/Education/Introduction

8.http://teacheurope.org/AlbumMaisonFrancaise/Teaching%20in%20Ita

ly.pdf

9.http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurypedia

10.http://www.european-agency.org/country-

information/netherlands/national-overview/teacher-training-basic-and-

specialist-teacher-training

11.http://www.nuffic.nl/en/diploma-recognition/professional-

recognition/regulated-professions

http://www.imipqnet.ro/



http://en.iu.dk/recognition/dk-recognition-system/procedures

http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/documents/eurybase/national_summary_sheets/047_IT_EN.pdf

http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/documents/eurybase/national_summary_sheets/047_IT_EN.pdf

http://www.justlanded.com/english/Italy/Italy-Guide/Education/Introduction

http://www.justlanded.com/english/Italy/Italy-Guide/Education/Introduction

http://teacheurope.org/AlbumMaisonFrancaise/Teaching%20in%20Italy.pdf

http://teacheurope.org/AlbumMaisonFrancaise/Teaching%20in%20Italy.pdf

http://www.european-agency.org/country-information/netherlands/national-overview/teacher-training-basic-and-specialist-teacher-training



http://www.nuffic.nl/en/diploma-recognition/professional-recognition/regulated-professions

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12.Teacher Education in The Netherlands. Change of gear, Marco

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Humanos da Educação

17.http://www.duo.nl/International_visitors/Diploma_assessment/

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asp

18.http://www.dgrhe.min-edu.pt/web/14654/profissional

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http://www.dgrhe.min-edu.pt/web/14654/profissional

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19. GTC-Scotland Framework for Professional

Recognition/Registration : Advice and Guidance for Teachers, August

2007

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qualifications/folkeskole-teacher

21. European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice, 2013. Key Data on

Teachers and School Leaders in Europe. 2013 Edition. Eurydice Report.

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22.http://www.education.gov.uk/schools/careers/careeropportuniti

es/overseas-trainedteachers/a00199246/teachers-from-the-

european-economic-area-eea

23. http://uok.msmt.cz/uok/home.php

24.http://hubmiur.pubblica.istruzione.it/web/istruzione/riconoscim

ento-professione-docente







http://uok.msmt.cz/uok/home.php



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25.http://www.en.bmwfj.gv.at/Vocationaltraining/Seiten/Recognit

ionofdiplomasintheEU.aspx

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beratungsstellen-in-deutschland.html

27. Order of the Minister of Education, Research, Youth and Sport no.

3973/2012 approving the Methodology on the release of the certificate

of study conformity with Directive 2005/36/EC of the European

Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition

of professional qualifications, for teachers in Romania

28. Alexandru-Ionuţ Chiuţă, IMI statistics for Romania and Denmark,

Study visit in Denmark, May 27- June 1, 2013-PowerPoint Presentation



