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PRINCIPLES OF OSHPRINCIPLES OF OSH

By: DR. JOJO M. PANALIGANBy: DR. JOJO M. PANALIGANOHS ConsultantOHS Consultant

By: DR. JOJO M. PANALIGANBy: DR. JOJO M. PANALIGANOHS ConsultantOHS Consultant

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PRINCIPLES OF OSH

PURPOSE

• To introduce the fundamentals of Occupational Safety and Health.

• To know the essential elements of a proactive and prevention oriented

safety management system.• To know the inter – relationships

between safety and productivity.

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PRINCIPLES OF OSH

OBJECTIVES

• To know and identify the concepts related to Occupational Safety and health • To identify motivators and benefits for managing

safety efforts and performance.• To distinguish between a proactive and reactive approach to safety management system.• To recognize key elements of safety and health management system.

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PRINCIPLES OF OSH

Literally hundreds of thousands of workers are injured on the job each year, and so many of these workers die from accidents in the workplace. Occurrence like these should be good reasons to take safety seriously, and to have a positive attitude toward safety on the job.

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PRINCIPLES OF OSHProblems that workplace accidents can

cause.

Lost work time – keeping you away from the job and costs you money

Lost productivity time – time could be spent working productively to meet goals and build a successful

organization.Lower morale – since no one wants to come to work at a

hazardous workplaceHigher costs – rising insurance and legal costs that can restrict employees’ ability to earn more money, and even

put a company out of businessPainful injuries – these could be permanent, affecting

the quality of a worker’s life until he or she dies.

1Seriou

sInjury10

MinorInjuries

30Property

Damage Incidents

600Incidents

With no Visible Injury or Damage

Accident RatioStudy

Accidents /Illnesses

Unsafe Acts Unsafe Conditions

•Unaware•Unable•Unmotivated

•Unidentified•Uncorrected

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PRINCIPLES OF OSHWhat is Occupational Safety?

• Occupational refers to workplace • Safety is the control and elimination of

hazards.What is an Accident?

• Unplanned or unwanted event resulting to personal injuries or

damage to property.What is an incident?

• Same as accident but include all occurrences regardless of the degree,

with the purpose of focusing safety control strategies.

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PRINCIPLES OF OSH

What is an injury?• Physical harm or damage to the body

(cuts, wounds, fracture, etc)What is Occupational Illness?

• Any abnormal condition or disorder caused by exposure to environmental

factors in the workplace.What is a Hazard?

• Unsafe condition, practices and or procedures.

• Include characteristics of objects and the lack of actions by concerned individual.

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PRINCIPLES OF OSHWhat is a RISK?

• A measure of probability and severity of adverse effects.

What is Risk Assessment?• The ranking of risks by three criteria ,

exposure, consequence or severity and probability.

What is Risk Prevention?• A proactive process to keep something

from occurring.What is control?

• A process to eliminate future hazards by taking preventive actions.

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PRINCIPLES OF OSH

What are the three (3) types of Control?

• Engineering controls eliminate hazards by means of engineering process or substitution method, isolation, enclosure or ventilation

• Administrative controls reduce employee exposures through education, training, job rotation and personal hygiene.

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – the last recourse to separate employees from hazards in the workplace

Safety starts by wearing properly Personal Protective

Equipment

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PRINCIPLES OF OSH

Safety Issues impact 5 Business Areas, they are:

• Financial (insurance premiums, reduction of compensation costs, numerous indirect cost savings)

• Humanistic (safety deals with people)• Regulatory (safety deals with civil

regulations - standards)• Public Relations (safe products produced by

responsible company)• Employee / labor relations (employer of

choice)

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PRINCIPLES OF OSH

What are the benefits of Managing Safety Efforts?

• Reducing the frequency and severity of injuries and illnesses.

• Building a Public Relations image• Improving employee morale• Improving productivity• Improving product quality (services)• Reducing indirect costs• Potentially increasing revenues• Meeting standard regulations.

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PRINCIPLES OF OSH

What is communication?

• The process of sending, receiving and exchanging of ideas (upward – downward –

side wards).

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Types

Verbal

Example

Face-to-face conversationsPhone callsAnnouncementsSpeeches

Advantage

Advantages: Used to communicate quickly; Provides a personal exchange of ideas, opinion, and concerns; Obtain immediate feedback from the receiver

Disadvantage

Language barriersSlang / accents / semantics

Methods of communication

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PRINCIPLES OF OSHMethods of communication

Types

Non - verbal

Example

Eye messagesPosture messagesHand messagesBody messagesAppearancemessages

Advantage

Accounts for 80% of all communicationObtain immediate feedback from the receiver

Disadvantage

Mixed messagesMisinterpretation of intended message

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PRINCIPLES OF OSHMethods of communication

Types

Written

Example

E-mailText messagesLettersFaxesReportsMemos

Advantage

Provides permanency of message;Allows communication without interruption;May reiterate something said verbally;Communicate quickly;Control over message

Disadvantage

No way to check if intended message was received;ImpersonalMisinterpret tone;Delayed or lostLiteracy issues

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PRINCIPLES OF OSHWhat are the Learning Styles?

Visual Learners

Learn through seeing

Learn best from visuals;Think in pictures;

Take notes during presentations

/ lectures

USE OF EYES

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PRINCIPLES OF OSHWhat are the Learning Styles?

Auditory Learners

Learn through Listening

Learn best from lectures/ discussions; Focus on tone of voice, pitch, volume, inflection, and pace Read text aloud and use tape recorder

USE OF EARS

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PRINCIPLES OF OSH

What are the Learning Styles?

Kinesthetic

LearnersLearn through moving, doing, and touching

Learn best from a hands-on approach;Need activityMay find it difficult to sit still for long periods of time

USE OF HANDS

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PRINCIPLES OF OSHLearning Styles

NOTE: If you have difficulty understanding someone (or they have difficulty understanding you), it is possible that you exchange complex information differently. The other person may primarily be a visual learner, but you are always explaining rather than showing or demonstrating. The best approach is to try a combination of communication methods. For example, explain and show as well as demonstrate while explaining.

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PRINCIPLES OF OSH

Why Attitude Is Important?

Even though we call injuries and fatalities “accidents”, the fact is that almost all of them can be prevented. There’s no

question about it; when employees have an awareness of safety and a

positive safety attitude, the number of injuries and accidents goes

way down.

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PRINCIPLES OF OSH

Examples of Poor Safety Habits

• Complacency – not paying attention to what you’re doing because you’ve done it so many times before

• Emotions – becoming angry or upset because of something that happened at home or at work

• Fatigue – not getting enough sleep to do the job properly

• Risk-taking – ignoring what you’ve learned in safety training sessions, or disregarding hazard signs and warnings

• Self-centeredness – thinking that the rules don’t apply to you, and not being concerned about the safety and well-being of others

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PRINCIPLES OF OSH

Examples of Poor Safety Habits

• Carelessness – fooling around and not thinking about the possible hazards of a particular action

• Not paying attention during safety training sessions

• Not following all safety rules• Not thinking about the possible risks before

starting a job, and trying to eliminate them• Not staying alert and focused• Not considering how their actions might affect the

safety of others.

Safety has no final destination…

It’s a continuous journey.

“Asking me to overlook a simple safety violation would be asking me to compromise my entire attitude toward the value of your life”

Safety First

ZERO ACCIDENT IS OUR VISIONWORKING SAFELY IS YOUR

DECISION

LET’S MAKE SAFETY A WAY OF OUR LIVES.