Organizing Committee

1. Name of the Conference - “Women Empowerment During XII Five Year Plan Through Agricultural Mechanization”

2. Date of the Workshop - 24-25 December, 2014

3. Location of the Workshop - Department of Extension Education & Communication Management, College of Home Science, C. S. Azad University of Agri. & Tech., Kanpur (U.P.)

4. (a) Chief Patron - Prof. Munna Singh, Vice Chancellor, C. S. Azad University of Agri. & Tech., Kanpur

(U.P.)(b) Patrons -

Shri Santanu Mitra, Director Research, Planning Commission, Govt. of India, New Delhi. Dr. A.K. Tiwari, Director, Directorate of Pulses Development, Govt. of India. Dr. A.K. Srivastava, Director, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. Dr. L.P. Gite, Principal Scientist, C.I.A.E.,Bhopal Dr. R.K. Behl, Director (R & D), Universal Institute of Technology, Garhi, Hissar. Dr. Joginder Malik, Joint Director Extension, Hissar Agriculture University, Hissar. Dr. Nishi Sethi, Prof. & Head, College of H. Sc., Hissar Agriculture University, Hissar. Dr. Suman Bahnot, Dean, College of H. Sc., N. D. Agriculture University, Faizabad. Dr. P.N. Kalla, Director Extension, Bikaner Agriculture University, Bikaner. Dr. Rajendra Kumar, Director General, UPCAR, Govt. of U.P., Lucknow.

(c) Chair Person - Prof. Samir Pal, Dean Agriculture, C.S.A.U., Kanpur. (d) Organizing Secretary - Dr. Neelma Kunwar, Dean H. Sc., C.S.A.U., Kanpur.         (e) Joint Organizing Secretary - Dr. Vinita Singh, Asstt. Prof., C.S.A.U., Kanpur. (f) Treasurer - Dr. Mithilesh Verma, SMS, C.S.A.U., Kanpur.

5. Name of Chief Guests & Special GuestChief Guests

Date : 24/12/2014 Date : 25/12/2014 1. Dr. J.P. Mishra 2. Ms. Shalini Prasad Advisor (Agriculture) Labour Commissioner Planning Commission U.P. Govt., Lucknow Govt. of India, New Delhi Uttar Pradesh

List of Special Guests & Resource Persons1. Dr. J.P. Mishra, Advisor, Planning Commission, New Delhi2. Dr. A.K. Tiwari, Director, Directorate of Pulses Development Deptt. of Agriculture & Co-operation, Govt. of India, Bhopal (M.P.)3. Dr. Rahul Chaturvedi, V.P. Agro, R & D, PepsiCo India/ International, Gurgaon4. Dr. L.P. Gite, Project Coordinator, CIAE, Bhopal5. Prof. R.K. Behl, Director, Universal Institute of Technology, Garhi, Hissar6. Dr. P.N. Kalla, Director Extension, S. K. R. Agricultural University, Bikaner.7. Dr. Kinkini Das Gupta Misra, Scientist-F, Head Gender Studies Vigyan Prasar, DST, Govt. of India8. Dr. J.P. Sharma, Joint Director (Extension), I.A.R.I., New Delhi9. Dr. A.K. Singh, Prof. & Head, NDRI, Karnal10. Dr. R.K. Sethi, Ex-Director, Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hissar11. Dr. Jatinder Kishtwaria, Prof. & Head, Deptt. of FRM, College of Home

Science, C.S.K Himanchal Pradesh Agricultural University (H.P.)

12. Dr. Joginder Singh Malik, Joint Director (Extension) C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar (Haryana)13. Dr. Nishi Sethi, Prof., Deptt. of ECM C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar (Haryana)

6. Numerical Data of Participants -Number of brochures sent by post & email - 300Applications received - 160Participants present on this occasion - 156Certificates earned - 156

7. Criteria for selection - The criteria for selection of our participants was based on the themes and sub-themes of the National Workshop which were as follows -

Gender oriented work profile and activities in agriculture and rural household.

Extent of existing mechanization and drudgery related issues. Innovation and gender friendly technologies. Plan interventions to strengthen/address gender issues in agriculture

and allied sectors.

Participants selected were of 4 categories - Agriculturists Home Scientists Technocrats Government officials related to our field, such as - Directors,

Professors, Associate Professors, Trainers, Lecturers, Engineers, Scientist, etc.

8. Account of Publicity - For publicity the brochure was uploaded on the University website and e-mailed, faxed and posted to all agriculture and non-agriculture Universities in India. Brochure was e-mailed/ Posted to all VCs, Deans, Directors, Govt. Officials, NGOs, KVKs and individual participants.

Copy of Brochure

9. Daily Schedule of the Workshop -

Venue: Kailash BhawanDate : 24th December, 20149:00-11:30 AM Registration

11:30 AM Lightening of lamp

11:35 AM Welcome of Guests

11:45 AM Welcome speech byProf. Munna Singh, Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, C.S.A.U.A. & T., Kanpur

12:00 PM Introduction to the Workshop byDr. Neelma Kunwar, Organizing Secretary

12:30 PM Key note address

02:00 PM Vote of thanks byDr. Vinita Singh, Joint Organizing Secretary

02:00-03:00 PM Lunch

03:00 PM Dr. J.P. Mishra, Advisor (Agriculture) Planning Commission, Govt. of India, New Delhi

03:20 PM Dr. A.K. Tiwari, Director, Planning Commission, Bhopal

03:40 PM Dr. Rahul Chaturvedi, Vice President, PepsiCo India/ International, Gurgaon

04:00 PM Dr. L.P. Gite, CIAE, Bhopal

04:20 PM Dr. Rajendra Yadav, D.G. (UPCAR), Lucknow

04:40 PM Dr. J.P. Sharma, Joint Director Extension, IARI, New Delhi

05:00-06:00 PM Technical Session-I Skill Development through Agricultural Mechanization.

Chair Person : Dr. Munish Gangwar (C.S.A.U., Kanpur)Co-Chair person : Dr. Jiju Vyas (Gujarat)Rapporteur : Dr. Subhash Chandra (Bihar)

Venue: Kailash BhawanDate : 25th December, 201410:30 AM Dr. A.K. Srivastav, V.C.& Director, N.D.R.I., Karnal

10:50 AM Dr. R.K. Sethi, Ex Director, C. I. R.B., Hissar

11:10 AM Prof .A.K. Singh, NDRI, Karnal

11:30-12:30 PM Technical Session-II Innovative gender friendly drudgery reducing technologies in agriculture, dairy and rural households.

Chair Person : Dr. H.G. Prakash, JDR, C.S.A.U., KanpurCo-Chair Person: Dr. Ved Prakash, HOD (A.H.D.), C.S.A.U., Kanpur Rapporteur : Dr. M.P.S. Yadav, (A.H.D.), C.S.A.U.A., Kanpur

12.30 PM Dr. R.K. Behl, Director Hissar

12.50PM Dr. Kinkini Das Gupta, HOD, Gender Studies, Govt. of India, New Delhi

01.10 PM Dr. Joginder Singh Malik, Joint Director Extension, Hissar

01.30 PM Dr. Nishi Sethi, Professor, Dept. of ECM, Hissar

01.50 PM Dr. Jinendra Kishtwadia, HOD, College of Home Science, Palampur

02.00-03.00 PM Lunch

03.00-04.00 PM Technical Session-III Interventions to strengthen gender issues in agriculture and allied section.

Chair Person : Dr. A.K. Singhal (Retd.), C.S.A.U., KanpurCo-Chair person : Dr. R.P. Singh, Programme Coordinator, MeerutRapporteur : Dr. Upasana Singh, Ambala

04.00-05.00 PM Technical Session-IV General

Chair Person : Dr. R.K. Behl, Director (R&D), HissarCo-Chair person : Dr. Jiju Vyas (Gujarat)Rapporteur : Dr. Subhash Chandra (Bihar)

04.40PM Dr. J.P. Sharma, Joint Director Extension, IARI, New Delhi

05.00-06:00PM Valedictory Function

Copy of Certificate

10. Brief Report: The workshop was a grand success with very fruitful and impressive participation from various states including Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnal, Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Haryana, Himanchal Pradesh, Jammu, Assam, Hyderabad, Coimbatore, Punjab, etc. as well as participants from almost all cities of Uttar Pradesh.

Proceedings and technical session of this workshop were resolved into five sessions including inaugural session. Thirteen keynote papers were presented in plenary sessions and one fifty six (156) papers were presented in four technical sessions in different committee rooms which were as follows -Session I - Skill Development through Agricultural Mechanization.Session II - Innovative gender friendly drudgery reducing technologies in agriculture, dairy and rural households.

Session III - Interventions to strengthen gender issues in agriculture and allied sectors.Session IV - GeneralList of Key note papers presented -1. Agricultural Mechanization in India :Challenges &

OpportunitiesDr. J.P. Mishra

2. Women Empowerment : Governance Issues Dr. A.K. Tiwari

3. Some Issues Related to Women Empowerment through Agricultural mechanization

Dr. L.P. Gite

4. Value Addition in Milk : Ideal Approach for Women Empowerment

Dr. A.K. Srivastava

5. Women Empowerment through Agricultural Mechanization in XII Five Year Plan : Question of Adding Perspective to the Issue

Dr. P.N. Kalla

6. Innovative Science & Technology Communication Interventions towards Drudgery reduction for Farm women workers

Dr. Kinkini Dasgupta Misra

7. Entrepreneurial Perspectives for Empowering Rural Women

Dr. J. P. Sharma

8. Women participation in Animal Husbandry Operations for Food Security and Mechanization

Dr. R.K. Sethi

9. Technological Empowerment Of Farm Women: Bridging The Gaps

Dr. Jatinder Kishtwaria

10. Role of Women in Agriculture through Farm Mechanization

Dr. Joginder Singh Malik

11. Public Private Partnership (PPP) for gender main streaming in Agriculture

Dr. Nishi Sethi

12. Women Empowerment through Mechanization of Agriculture

Dr. Rajendra Kumar

13. Women Empowerment in Mechanized agriculture Dr. R. K. Behl

Each paper presentation session was judged by a panel of 3 judges in different committee rooms. Names of Chairperson, Co- Chairperson and Rapporteur are mentioned in point no.10.In each session 1st and 2nd prizes were given, with a total of 8 prizes in 4 different sessions.The inaugural session was held on 24th Dec., 2015 at 11.00. PM in the University auditorium (Kailash Bhawan) inaugurated by Dr. J.P. Mishra, Advisor (Agriculture) Planning Commission, Govt. of India, New Delhi. Our Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, Prof. Munna Singh, Dr. A.K. Tiwari, Director, Planning Commission, Bhopal, Dr. Rahul Chaturvedi, Vice President (Variety & Seeds) Asia, Middle East and Africa (AMEA) PepsiCo International Ltd., Gurgaon, Dr. Samir Pal, Dean Agriculture, C.S.A.U., Kanpur shared the dias.The Valedictory function was held on 25th Dec., 2015 at 05.00 PM in Kalaish Bhawan and our Chief Guest was Ms. Shalini Prasad, Labour Commissioner, U.P. Govt., Lucknow (UP). Dr. A.K. Srivastav, V.C.& Director, N.D.R.I. Karnal, Prof. R.K.Behl, Director (R& D), Universal Institute of Technology, Garhi, Hissar, Dr. L.P. Gite,

Project Coordinator, AICRP on CIAE, Bhopal, Dr. P.N. Kalla, Director Extension, S.K. Rajasthan, Bikaner, Rajasthan, Dr. Kinkini Das Gupta Mishra Scientist-F, DST, Govt. of India, Dr. J.P. Sharma, Joint Director (Extension), I.A.R.I, New Delhi, Dr.R.K.Sethi, Ex-Director CIRB, Hissar, Dr. Jatinder Kishtwaria, Prof. & Head, Deptt. of FRM, College of Home Science, C.S.K Himanchal Pradesh, Dr. Joginder Singh Malik, Joint Director (Extension), C.C.S.Haryana, Hissar (Haryana), Dr. Nishi Sethi, Prof. & Head, Deptt. of ECM, C.C.S.HAU, Hissar, (Haryana) shared the dias.1. Dr. J P Mishra, Advisor (Agriculture) Planning Commission, Government of India, New Delhi says Farm power availability is positively related with agricultural productivity. States with higher farm power availability have, in general, better productivity. However, decreasing trend in operational land holdings, high cost, and lower credit worthiness of small holdings reduces benefit of farm mechanization. The innovations in farm mechanization and promotion of gender friendly farm implements and tools need to be mainstreamed in the developmental programmes. The efforts are also on to develop women shelf help groups and custom hiring mechanization hubs of women friendly farm implements and tools to facilitate the women farmers and workers. The use of farm machinery is also dependent on the availability of other infrastructural services in the rural areas. There is need to spread the benefits of agri mechanization among all strata of farmers. The major challenge is the equitable distribution of farm power to all users for field operations and the post-harvest solutions. Much prudence is required in developing smaller and women friendly farm implements and their prototypes to facilitate the women farmers and workers in agricultural operations with ease of application and better efficiency. Special emphasis needs to be given for hills, undulating topography and tribal areas which do not support the use of big machines requiring flat lands and high investment. Mechanization among all strata of farmers: The major challenge is the equitable distribution of farm power to all users for field operations and the post-harvest solutions. Much prudence is required in developing smaller and women friendly farm implements and their prototypes to facilitate the women farmers and workers in agricultural operations with ease of application and better efficiency. Special emphasis need to be given for hills, undulating topography and tribal areas which do not support the use of big machines requiring flat lands and high investment.2. Dr. A.K. Tiwari, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Pulses Development, Deptt. of Agri. & Co-op, Bhopal (MP) says the Roads To Women’s Empowerment Greater opportunities for self-employment and better job opportunities for rural women in agricultural and allied sector, including the secondary agriculture, are the key avenues to women’s empowerment. The empowerment is based on knowledge-both traditional i.e. indigenous technological knowledge (ITK) and the modern and both practical skills and schooling. The key word to this empowerment is Good-Governance, the effective and transparent implementation of schemes and delivery of services. The challenges for the gender equity and the road map remains with the following agenda: i) Ensuring economic empowerment ii) Engineering social empowerment iii) enabling political empowerment iv) effective implementation of women- related legislation v) creating institution mechanism for gender mainstreaming and strengthening delivery mechanism. Tools For Good Governance To empower and strengthen the women in agriculture and allied sector during XIIth Five Year Plan, would be to deliver the services, projects, programme in an effective way. The programme execution should be outcome driven. Following practices of good governance also need attention:

i) Social Infrastructure needing citizens initiatives role of media, social audit and use of RTI Act-2005. ii) Role of Government and non-govt. organizations would be to identify and adopt E-solutions Develop basic practice manuals, develop basic guidelines, undertake sensitization and  training programmes, develop user guide for the women beneficiaries, identify public   authorities in all departments, assistance to access, if physically handicapped. iii) Streamline Linkages- such as improving decision making process, critically examine the  existing operating procedures including channels of supervision and accountability develop standards of performance/norms, review of operating manuals, set up  documentation/learning resources centers, computerization etc. Good Governance: Important Dimensions. The Governance and implementation issues emerged first time at the fore front of development agenda in the approach paper to Xth Five Year Plan (2002-03 to 2006-07). The important dimensions of good governance are i) Theme of crisis-humanity nature, ii)Institutionalization–management of ecology by formal institutions iii) Sustainability– a new concept of development iv) Knowledge system- indigenous technology Knowledge v/s imported (advanced technologies) i.e. go back to the roots society and change of it fundamentally, and quite rapidly.3. Dr. L.P. Gite, Project Coordinator, AICRP on Ergonomics and Safety in Agriculture, CIAE Bhopal says that India has a cultivated area of about 142 million ha fragmented in 120 million farm holdings. The yearly food grain production is about 263 million tonnes. Traditional agriculture used mainly human and animal power sources. However, now, due to modernization, mechanical and electrical powers are now being used extensively for various operations. Human power, apart from being a source of power for manually operated farm equipment and hand tools, is also used extensively for operating self-propelled and power-operated agricultural machines. As per 2011 census, India’s population was 1210 million and the total workforce was 482 million. Of these workers about 55% i.e. 263 million work in agriculture. (GOI, 2013). Of these, the women work force is 97 million which amounts to about 37% of the total agricultural workers in the country. Women participate in different production and post production agricultural operations including storage, packing, transport and marketing. Besides household management, most of the work related to management of cattle/ other farm animals is done by women. Studies have shown that the Indian women carry out the most arduous activities on farm. Modernization of agriculture is taking place at a faster pace. However, jobs attended by women, more or less, remained the same. Though, considerable work has been done to develop agriculture with major emphasis on technical and economic achievement, very little attention has been given to gender issues. Women have different technological needs than men due to their different ergonomical characteristics, level of education, experiences, skills, etc. Therefore, many of the technologies developed are not suitable for women users shows the comparison of data of agricultural workers from 2001 and 2011 census (GOI, 2013; GOI, 2004). It can be seen that the women labourers’ growth was less as compared to male agricultural labourers indicating reduction of share of women workers in agriculture. It is because of the fact that when a machine is introduced for some operation (which may be women dominated), it is generally operated by male workers, reducing opportunities for women workers. Higher participation of female workforce and changing scenario of technologies demand more emphasis on development of gender-friendly tools, equipment as well as work places. Women have different ergonomical characteristics and therefore, it is necessary to give due considerations to their capabilities and limitations while designing various machines

suitable to them. Also, skill upgradation of women workers is necessary to enable them to operate the machines. If the 2011 data on population of agricultural workers is studied in relation to tractor density in different states), it indicates that the present farm mechanization is not gender neutral, but, heavily biased towards male workers. In states having higher tractor density, the growth rate of women agricultural labourers was less than their male counterparts for states in plain areas (tractor density ranging from 1 to 97 tractors/ 1000 ha). However, for states in hilly areas (having tractor density less than 1 tractor/1000 ha), the growth rate of women agricultural labourers was more than male agricultural labourers. Therefore, It is necessary to correct the approach and efforts being made in this area so as utilize the full potential of women workers and to facilitate 5% of them to work as controller of machines by 2020. Ergonomics is the scientific study of the relationship between a person & his/her working environment, which includes ambient conditions, tools & materials, methods of work & organization of work. The performance of tool/ equipment not only depends on the constructional features but also on the workers operating it. The performance of human-implement system may be poor, if ergonomics aspects are not given due attention. It may also cause clinical or anatomical disorders & will affect workers health. Proper attention to ergonomics aspects in design and operation will help in increasing the human–equipment system efficiency and also in safeguarding the workers’ health. Technology development should invariably follow by commercialization, awareness creation and infrastructural support. In the present scenario of fast growth and development in all spheres of science and technology, it is utmost essential to transfer the technologies to the end users in a most effective way. This is more relevant when the technology involves tools and equipment where training in operation, repair and maintenance is a must, particularly to strengthen service support. Due to socio-cultural bindings, women farm workers seldom come forward to operate mechanical equipment in the field. Even in handling simple hand tools, they have reservations. If urban women can operate machines, there is no reason why farm women should not be encouraged to operate agricultural equipment. It only requires infrastructure and facilities for training them at places which are within their reach. This may be accomplished either by training them in their own environment or by bringing them to the training centers located in their close proximity. It will help in skill upgradation of women workers for operating various agricultural tools/ equipment.4. Dr. A.K. Srivastava, Director & Vice Chancellor, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal says that women contribute significantly in agriculture related activities besides shouldering the responsibility of house management and raising the children. Several interactive sessions were organized with the scientists of National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal and the members of women Self Help Group (SHG) of Arpana Research and Charities Trust, Madhuban to discuss the prospects for the establishment of rural food processing units. A total 150 women were contacted to promote the entrepreneurship among them with complete techno-economic feasibility and modalities of technology transfer. A group of 14 women belonging to resource poor families of three villages i.e. Amritpur Kalan, Kairwali Dera and Kairwali joined together and formed a society (Anmol Mahila Dugdh Samiti). Members were imparted training in aspects of milk value chain including clean milk production, milk collection, quality testing, manufacture of value added dairy products at village level, marketing strategies and financial management. A small scale processing unit has been established at Amritpur Kalan and commercial production of various composite dairy foods is started since October, 2010. At present

the samiti is selling milk directly to consumers and also manufacturing khoa, paneer, curd, lassi, whey drinks and sweets on regular basis. The initiative of women entrepreneurs has not only improved their livelihood as they are earning Rs. 8000-10,000/- per month per member, but created awareness among the dairy farmers in neighboring villages. Another group of women entrepreneurs trained by the scientists of NDRI has established a milk processing unit in Taprana Village of Karnal and earning Rs. 4000/- only within a short span of one year. The establishment of dairy has created substantial amount of interests and awareness among the stakeholders and a large number of farmers, women SHG members, government officials, scholars from foreign countries and representatives of NGO’s are visiting to study the model. At present more than 100 dairy farmers are selling their milk at remunerative price to group and became more aware on animal management practices. One of the major outcomes of NAIP interventions is improvement in livelihood of dairy farmers, increase in milk yield, better social harmony and increase in confidence level of these women entrepreneurs. Another major achievement related to project activity is the sensitization of line departments. Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying of Haryana has earmarked substantial budget under RKVY schemes to support the establishment of milk processing at village level by providing subsidy on purchase of small scale milk processing equipments. At present, each member of the group is earning Rs. 10,000/- on an average per month. Their work has also enabled to have better return to milk producers in and around villages. Dairy perceived as secondary occupation for large majority of farmers in India has acquired independent status as main occupation as it is crucial in providing employment and supplementary income to the rural families. Milk production has increased and the scope of dairy as an enterprise based on processing and product manufacture has found scientific and economic base. There is a need to standardize and scale up processing mechanism and the transfer of technology for commercial production of these products. There is an urgent need to modernize this sector to produce high quality products with long shelf life. Hygienic and eco friendly packaging as a means of product protection will have immense contribution in making the Indian dairy industry. Training of women for the manufacturing of value added dairy products, their quality assurance and in marketing could be initiated through formation of Self Help Goups (SHG) by adopting cluster approach.5. Dr. P.N. Kalla, Directorate of Extension Education, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner (Rajasthan) says that despite the difficulties that are likely to be encountered, we believe it is possible to bring about major improvements to the lives of women in rural India. Well-planned and properly managed private initiatives can succeed in empowering women, provided the approach taken is sufficiently holistic. Effective and sustainable programs can be executed with limited initial investment, while ensuring that significant benefits flow to families with low income and socially disadvantaged status (George Foundation).Epilogue The issue of Women Empowerment through Mechanization in XII Five Year Plan is important but incomplete without realizing the perspectives of urban-rural split, global movement of feminism, strengths and weaknesses of cultural silhouette of agrarian India, gender issues in planning and implementation, action plan at micro level and developing a correct attitude based on biological and sociological complimentarily of genders. I would prefer to close on two dialogues from a Hindi movie-Rang Rasiya. In the scene of his trial in court when Raja Ravi Verma, the famous and controversial artist, states in his defense that women has always been cheated, sometimes by husband, by lover, the society and even by gods and dovetails

his argument by saying that life should be as beautiful as art. And it is certain that no beauty can be conceived in life without women, truly evolved, emancipated and empowered as women; not struggling to become a poor replica of her weaker counter half the men.6. Dr. Kinkini Dasgupta Misra, Scientist-F, Vigyan Prasar, an autonomous organization under the Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India says that promotion of technology in gender perspective towards the challenges of farm women would help in reducing drudgery and occupational health problems of women workers in agriculture, thereby increase utilization efficiency of inputs, conserve energy, improve quality of work. The innovative communication framework must take note of the gender mainstreaming in research and extension for empowerment of farm women and capacity building of scientific and policy makers to respond to the needs of farm women. This must also include a closer look in to the profile of the targeted women in small and marginal farms and response to the need of them. Emphasize needs to be given for reinforcing the S&T Communication perspectives on gender friendly tools on technology orientation and mechanization, their challenges in use of farm tools & technologies, constraints and technological problems vis-à-vis male farmers and women empowerment issues include health, livelihood. The spread and depth of existing knowledge networks, communication modules, training initiatives and strategies that orient women farmers to state of art tools and techniques, build leadership qualities by which women farmers can influence decision making & “Reach the unreached” in a timely manner to ensure adoption of tools and technologies and empowering women farm workers.7. Dr. J. P. Sharma, Joint Director (Extension), Division of Agricultural Extension, I.A.R.I., New Delhi says that gender equality implies a society in which women and men enjoy the same opportunities, outcomes, rights and obligations in all spheres of life. A critical aspect of promoting gender equality is the empowerment of women, with a focus on identifying and redressing power imbalances and giving women more autonomy to manage their own lives especially to economic empowerment and independence. Empowerment can be in different forms like social empowerment, cultural empowerment and economic empowerment. ‘Economically empowering women is essential both to realize women’s rights and to achieve broader development goals such as economic growth, poverty reduction, health, education and welfare’ (Golla, 2011). Economic empowerment through entrepreneurship may act as a solution to many of the problems faced by the farming women population. But due to the presence of constraints like finance, infrastructure, social and psychological factors, technological progress alone cannot lead to economic empowerment among women unless technological breakthroughs are put to economic use by developing the entrepreneurship skills among women. According to the World Development Report 2013, 9% of males and 11% females aged between 15 to 24 years are unemployed (Maps of India, 2013). These figures show the fear or lack of motivation of the majority of the population to reach and win the game of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial motivation means thinking of development or achieving more by their own action. In motivation development stage extension people and agencies may generally taught about the ocean of general opportunities for launching of an enterprise.8. Dr. R.K. Sethi, Ex-Director, Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hissar says that women are the main producers of the world’s staple foods: maize, wheat, rice and above all animal husbandry operations. Women are responsible for about 50 per cent of the world’s food production and, in some countries of sub-

Saharan Africa, women provide between 60 and 80 per cent of the food for household consumption, mainly as unpaid family labourers. Women’s contribution to agricultural production varies from country to country, crop to crop and task to task. A study in Himalayas has indicated that a pair of bullocks works for 1064 hrs, a man works for 1212 hrs while a woman works for 3485 hrs in a year on one hectare farm (Shiva, 1991 FAO). Women also play an important role in raising poultry and small livestock such as goats, rabbits and pigs. They also feed and milk larger livestock. Latin American women are less involved in crop production than in sub-Saharan Africa, but are largely responsible for livestock rearing. In Nepal, women have almost the sole responsibility for fodder collection for buffalo while in India and Pakistan; women provide the majority of the labour for cleaning, feeding and milking of their household cattle and buffaloes. Mechanization for enhanced production Efficiency to address the low productivity of milch animals, poor quality of raw milk and high cost of labour input and to make dairy farming sustainable and more productive will require improvement in technology and better management by adopting mechanization of dairy farm operations towards feeding, milking, data recording, cleaning and farm waste management. Feeding Automatic feeding parlors, total mixed ration wagons and / or feeding belt systems are some of the options to enhance the feed input to raise the productivity and profits from dairy farming Milking: Machine milking, milking parlors fitted with latest gadgets for clean milk production and to raise production records of each animal for introducing scientific selection decisions. These also facilitate precise milk collection, chilling, storage and processing. Farm Waste Management: Dairy farm produce large quantity of solid waste and its disposal is a big concern. Mechanization provides solution by establishing biogas plants of various sizes depending upon the herd size. The energy produced can be used for cooking, heating, electricity production. Dairy farm waste can also be used for production of bio-diesel as well.9. Dr. Jatinder Kishtwaria, Prof. & Head, Deptt. of FRM, College of Home Science, C.S.K. Himanchal Pradesh Agricultural University, H.P concluded that technological empowerment of farm women can be envisaged by properly planned and executed gender friendly technologies mission right from inception till adoption by involvement at all levels. i.e. farmers, researchers, field functionaries, NGOs and government support mechanisms and media.10. Dr. Joginder Singh Malik, Joint Director (Extension), C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar (Haryana) says that women’s discrimination is phenomenon in Indian society. In fact, still now they are ill treated by their family in terms of low intake of food, lack of educational attainments and exploitation both in public and private spheres. We know that despite the half of the population, their voice was not counted in various decisions making bodies. Democracy is based on the principle of equality. So, bringing Indian women in the mainstream is need of the hour. Provision of “quota” for single women in jobs and some other positive discrimination for women may create a gender-just society in near future. But there are other issues which should be considered which are making women aware of their rights. Awareness programmes should be started for women in rural areas so that women empowerment reaches the core of our society where it is needed the most.11. Dr. Nishi Sethi, Deptt. of Extension Education and Communication Management, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar (Haryana) says public private partnership is in infancy stage in agriculture sector, but it is emerging as a fruitful approach for agricultural development. From this study we can conclude that PPP of Punjab National Bank Farmers Welfare Trust, Sacha Kheda, had

contributed a lot for the gender mainstreaming by providing trainings on agricultural and allied activities and credit linkage facilities to women. PPP of Sanjeev Jangra Engineering Works and Department of Horticulture, Haryana, Panchkula had created availability of farm machinery and implements at subsidized rate which is very useful to the horticultural farmers to increase horticultural production, save time and energy and provide more output. Direct benefit to women was missing in this partnership but indirectly benefited the women because after harvesting of carrot, washing of carrot was performed mainly by the women. These two partnerships are working with quite good objectives but it also need inclusion of the gender mainstreaming aspect to be more effective.12. Dr. Rajendra Kumar, Director General, UPCAR, Lucknow told that the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Govt. of India is running a scheme for promoting Agricultural Mechanization through Outsourcing of training and demonstrations of newly developed equipments. The objective of the scheme is to create awareness about agricultural equipment and machinery among the end users and other stakeholders. Through this scheme, State Governments organize demonstration of improved/ newly developed agricultural / horticultural equipment as identified by them at farmers' fields so that the farmers get acquainted about their use and utility for production of different types of crops. The Farm Machinery Training & Testing Institutes (FMTTIs) located at Budhni (Madhya Pradesh), Hissar (Haryana), and Biswanath Chariali (Assam) have been imparting training to farmers, technicians, retired defense personnel etc., in the selection, operation, maintenance, energy conservation and management of agricultural equipments. These Institutes have also been conducting testing and performance evaluation of various agricultural implements and machines. Farm Mechanization Programmes under Macro Management of Agriculture schemes during XI five year plan were operated. Whereas, during XII Plan Farm Mechanization component of micro management in agriculture has been submerged into Sub-Mission of Agricultural Mechanization under national mission on Agriculture extension & technology. Under the Central Sector Scheme ‘Promotion and Strengthening of Agricultural Mechanization through Training, Testing, and Demonstration, during 2011-12, Under the scheme for Outsourcing of Training and Demonstration of Newly Developed Agricultural Equipment, including Horticultural Equipment at Farmers‟ Fields, separate physical targets have been fixed and 10 per cent of the funds have been allocated for women farmers.Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVKs) with relation to women empowerment. One KVK is being established in each district of the state which are having separate women / home scientist. The home scientists are totally devoted to impart training (on campus & off campus) on various women based objectives. KVKs are also organizing demonstrations and on farm testing regarding various women friendly tools and technologies to achieve the goal learning by doing and believing by seeing. Custom Hiring Training to rural women for skill up gradation. Agricultural Mechanization has been proposed for the XII Plan which includes custom-hiring facilities for agricultural machinery as one of its major components. Custom Hiring trainings are conducted by various institutes viz. Central Institute of Agriculture Engineering Bhopal, Central Farm Machinery Tractor and testing Institute, Budhni etc. In this training men and women both participate from various states. In these trainings demonstration for various agriculture equipments viz. paddle operated potato slicer, groundnut decorticator, paddy transplanter, maize Sheller, hand operated double screen grain cleaner and various other latest agriculture equipments. During these trainings the

lectures delivered by the scientists / specialists time to time as well as demonstrations are conducted related to agriculture equipments in the field.13. Dr. R.K. Behl, Director R & D, Universal Institute of Technology, Garhi, Hissar emphasized on the fact that our contribution is not a comparative analysis of the economic and social benefits of agricultural cooperatives to their members. Rather we seek to highlight how cooperative members recognize and appreciate social benefits as complementing economic goals. In other words, we do not see these two goals as mutually exclusive. To make our contribution, we use the case study of female members of the Manyakabi Area Cooperative Enterprise in south-western Uganda. It is often difficult for cooperative associations to successfully promote women’s participation in business, independently from men. Oberhauser and Pratt (2004) argue that this is largely because ‘women’s empowerment is oftentimes embedded in economic and social structures that have historically marginalized women from access to resources, employment opportunities, and decision-making positions.

11. Recommendations -1. The use of farm machinery is also dependent on the availability of other infrastructural services in the rural areas. There is need to spread the benefits of agricultural mechanization among all strata of farmers. The major challenge is the equitable distribution of farm power to all users for field operations and the post-harvest solutions. Much prudence is required in developing smaller and women friendly farm implements and their prototypes to facilitate the women farmers and workers in agricultural operations with ease of application and better efficiency. Special emphasis need to be given for hills, undulating topography and tribal areas which do not support the use of big machines requiring flat lands and high investment.2. Greater opportunities for self-employment and better job opportunities for rural women in agricultural and allied sector, including the secondary agriculture, are the key avenues to women’s empowerment. The empowerment is based on knowledge-both traditional i.e. indigenous technological knowledge (ITK) and the modern and both practical skills and schooling. The key word to this empowerment is Good-Governance, the effective and transparent implementation of schemes and delivery of services. The challenges for the gender equity and the road map remains with the following agenda: i) Ensuring economic empowerment ii) Engineering social empowerment iii) enabling political empowerment iv) effective implementation of women- related legislation v) creating institution mechanism for gender mainstreaming and strengthening delivery mechanism. To empower and strengthen the women in agriculture and allied sector during XII Five Year Plan would be to deliver the services, projects, programme in an effective way. The programme execution should be outcome driven. Following practices of good governance also need attention: i) Social Infrastructure needing citizens initiatives, role of media, social audit and use of RTI Act-2005.ii) Role of Government and organization would be to Identify and adopt E- solution, Develop basic practice manuals, develop basic guidelines, undertake sensitization and training programmes, develop user guide for the women beneficiaries, identify public authorities in all departments, assistance to access, if physically handicapped. ii) Streamline Linkages- such as improving decision making process, critically examine the existing operating procedures including channels of supervision and accountability, develop standards of performance/norms, review of operating manuals, set up documentation/learning

resources centres, computerization, etc. The Governance and implementation issues emerged first time at the fore front of development agenda in the approach paper to X Five Year Plan (2002-03 to 2006-07). The important dimensions of good governance are i) Theme of crisis-humanity-nature ii) Institutionalization–management of ecology by formal institutions iii) Sustainability– a new concept of development iv) Knowledge system- indigenous technological knowledge v/s imported (advanced technologies) i.e. go back to the roots of society and change it fundamentally, and quite rapidly.3. In the changing scenario, the participation of women workforce in agriculture is going to increase to 45% by 2020 i.e. out of the total estimated agricultural workforce of 230 million, about 110 million will be the women workers. This is expected to happen mainly because male workers will either get involved in other non-farm activities or migrate to towns and cities for other jobs. To meet this situation, it is necessary to take the following steps. Design the tools/equipment keeping in view the anthropometric data of women workers, Organize demonstrations and trainings to rural women on various modern tools/equipment in proper and safe operation. Encourage manufacturers/entrepreneurs to fabricate improved tools and equipment Make these tools and equipment available in rural areas for purchase by users assist farm women, after being duly trained to get loans from banks/ other organizations to procure various tools/equipment, building up of linkages with central/ state deptts., NGOs , banks, and other stakeholders to promote these improved tools and equipment. 4. Dairy perceived as secondary occupation for large majority of farmers in India has acquired independent status as main occupation as it is crucial in providing employment and supplementary income to the rural families. Milk production has increased and the scope of dairy as an enterprise based on processing and product manufacture has found scientific and economic base. There is a need to standardize and scale up processing mechanism and the transfer of technology for commercial production of these products. There is an urgent need to modernize this sector to produce high quality products with long shelf life. Hygienic and eco friendly packaging as a means of product protection will have immense contribution in making the Indian dairy industry. Training of women for the manufacturing of value added dairy products, their quality assurance and in marketing could be initiated through formation of Self-Help-Groups (SHG) by adopting cluster approach. 5. The extent of burden and sufferings of the rural women in India vary widely with the social and economic status, local customs, size of family and many other factors. Hence, an intensive study with close interaction with women can help to identify suitable solutions for their problems. Based on the needs, the drudgery reduction measures introduced for women include: Creation of safe drinking water sources closer to their houses, maternal and child health and family welfare strengthening of traditional health care practices, training of midwives and upgrading the skills of local healers, awareness on health, hygiene and sanitation, training of local youth as health guides for first-aid, establishment of community grain banks and promotion of nutrition gardens, promotion of energy conservation devices: improved woodstoves, biogas, solar devices and energy plantations, establishment of Anganwadis and awareness of girl’s education- these activities have been very well appreciated and are also being encouraged by the male members of the society (The NGO, WE). 6. Promotion of technology in gender perspective towards the challenges of farm women would help in reducing drudgery and occupational health problems of women workers in agriculture, thereby increase utilization efficiency of inputs, conserve

energy, improve quality of work. The innovative communication framework must take note of the gender mainstreaming in research and extension for empowerment of farm women and capacity building of scientific and policy makers to respond to the needs of farm women. This must also include a closer look in to the profile of the targeted women in small and marginal farms and response to the need of them. Emphasize needs to be given for reinforcing the S&T Communication perspectives on gender friendly tools on technology orientation and mechanization, their challenges in use of farm tools & technologies, constraints and technological problems vis-à-vis male farmers and women empowerment issues include health, livelihood. The spread and depth of existing knowledge networks, communication modules, training initiatives and strategies that orient women farmers to state of art tools and techniques, build leadership qualities by which women farmers can influence decision making & “Reach the unreached” in a timely manner to ensure adoption of tools and technologies and empowering women farm workers. 7. The education system present in India is creating the job seekers not the job creators. There is an urgent need to reform the education system in India with more emphasis on the women friendly vocational education for the creation of a Skill India. Family farming is an emerging area in agri-preneurship which need more educational support through introduction of new area of coverage especially for women because they are the backbone of family farming. Synergies between Education (including modern vocational education training/skill development), Innovation (converting ideas into wealth and employment) and Entrepreneurship should be encouraged. There is also an urgent need to establish single window delivery system, data bank for agribusiness in different area of potentiality and creating ‘one-stop shops’ to provide all relevant information to start an entrepreneurial activity. Starting up of an enterprise alone cannot able to produce the economic independence among the women, since it need proper marketing and getting better price also. In this price and quality conscious market, clearly, smart marketing coupled with quality is the key to success of an enterprise. Creation, documentation and replication of marketing innovation by extension agencies may help in agri-preneurship development. Finance, technology and infrastructure may facilitate the enterprise venture. However it is the motivation of the person to utilize the support system. If the person is not having the need for achievement either it will be underutilized or unutilized. Hence the key factor for the entrepreneurship is human himself/ herself. With this human resource development only one can able to convert liabilities in to assets. There is a pertinent need to change the focus of extension system from ‘Till Production’ to ‘Beyond Production’ by empowering potential entrepreneurs through human resources development. Since competitiveness of India depends on the capability of its entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship trough human resource development is important to increase the share of producers in consumer’s rupee. 8. Large cattle and buffalo population, Small herd size with individual farmers,65 – 70 % stock has low to medium genetic potential / per se productivity very low, large scale Natural Service from non-selected breeding bulls with unknown source/ Less availability of superior bulls / Frozen Semen doses, low to medium conception rate from AI, Limited / No performance recording in the field, data loss under field condition due to sale/ migration, scarcity of feed and Fodder Resources, poor Animal Husbandry Extension Network / Transfer of Technologies, labour intensive / Mechanization needs of farm operations, training needs of women farmers. 9. Linkages have to be built between Technology Generation (TG), Technology Dissemination (TD) and Technology Receiving (TR) systems otherwise women’s

problems will continue to grow and work efficiency of women will show a declining trend,. sensitive, dedicated local field functionaries need to be trained as motivators for constant promotion of technologies, monitoring adoption and feed back for further improvements in technology, area specific variations in tools may be taken care of, for making appropriate tools for effective adoption, feed back and up gradation of tools should be a continuous process carried out by the field functionaries/ motivators and promoters. It can be concluded that technological empowerment of farm women can be envisaged by properly planned and executed gender friendly technologies mission right from inception till adoption by involvement at all levels, i.e. farmers, researchers, field functionaries, NGO and government support mechanisms and media. 10. Creating greater ‘freedom’ and ‘choice’ for women by generating awareness and creating institutional mechanisms to help women question prevalent “patriarchal” beliefs that are detrimental to their empowerment, improving health and education indicators for women like maternal mortality, infant mortality, nutrition levels, enrolment and retention in primary, secondary and higher education, reducing the incidence of violence against women and providing quality care services to the victims, improving employability of women, work participation rates especially in the organized sector and increased ownership of assets and control over resources, Increasing women’s access to public services and programmes through establishing and strengthening convergence mechanisms at multiple levels, creation of physical infrastructure for women and improving the capacity of women’s organizations and collectives, Ensuring that the specific concerns of single and disadvantaged women are addressed. When we talk about women empowerment it is very clear that economically, women have been making progress, but still men enjoy a large share of the cake. Women are discriminated on numerous fronts including education and training that are essential useful weapons in the competitive world of knowledge for productivity, production, equity, sustainability and empowerment. 11. PPP in agriculture sector is in infancy stage, so this approach should be propagated. Very big and prominent State level/ National level PPP projects need to be developed and encouraged. Most of the projects lack gender aspect so gender mainstreaming aspect needs to include- record of beneficiaries was not clearly available therefore there is need to take feedback of ultimate users, the welfare trusts should ensure marketing, Punjab National Bank Farmers Welfare Trust is an excellent example of private initiative for total transformation of rural areas. PPP like this, need to be replicated for balanced growth in agricultural sector. 12. Women friendly tools and equipments already developed in the country need to be circulated among rural women. They should be validated through KVKs before extension. Tools developed in other countries must be standardized to make them more reliance to women of our country before their popularization. These tools should be subsidized for easy availability and adoption among the rural women. Huge training and demonstration programme should be organized through KVKs and line departments regarding efficiency of women friendly implements. In backward areas availability of these tools should be ensured through formation of self help groups and creation of culture of custom hiring. Wages for labourers should not be on gender basis. Repair, maintenance of these tools should be ensured on village level. Excursion visit for women farmers should be planned to various research institutes and progressive farmers having strength in women friendly instrumentation, Agricultural universities should be strengthened for research and developmental activities of women friendly instruments.

13. We would like to emphasize that our contribution is not a comparative analysis of the economic and social benefits of agricultural cooperatives to their members. Rather we seek to highlight how cooperative members recognize and appreciate social benefits as complementing economic goals. In other words, we do not see these two goals as mutually exclusive. To make our contribution, we use the case study of female members of the Manyakabi Area Cooperative Enterprise in south-western Uganda. It is often difficult for cooperative associations to successfully promote women’s participation in business, independently from men. Oberhauser and Pratt (2004) argue that this is largely because ‘women’s empowerment is oftentimes embedded in economic and social structures that have historically marginalized women from access to resources, employment opportunities, and decision-making positions’.12. List of Participants -Sl.No.

Name of Participants Designation Address

1. Dr. Jyoti P. Pandey Lecturer, H.Sc. I.I.H.Sc. Mahavidyalaya Raibareli (U.P.)2. Mr. Swati Singh Research Scholor Sai Nath University Ranchi3. Mr. Kirti Verma Ph.D Scholor C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur4. Mr. Archana Gupta Ph.D Scholor Gramodhaya Vishvidhyalaya Chitrakoot5. Mr. Pragati Saxena Research Scholor Gramodhaya Vishvidhyalaya Chitrakoot6. Mr. Dipalben SMS KVK Navsari Agri. Univ. Surat Gujrat7. Mr. Anchal Sharma Ph.D. Scholor FRM Deptt. H.Sc. C.S.A.U. Kanpur8. Mr. Richa Gupta M.Sc. Student FRM Deptt. H.Sc. C.S.A.U. Kanpur9. Dr. Alka Dwivedi Lecturer Pt. R K D Degree College, Gorakhpur.10. Mr. Priyanka Dubey Teacher Degree College Saurikh Kannauj11. Dr. Sarika Singh Lecturer Heera Lal Yadav G.P. College LKO.12. Dr. Neha Srivastava Lecturer Heera Lal Yadav G.P. College LKO.13. Dr. Spipra Srivastava Lecturer H.Sc. P.G. College Ghazipur14. Dr. Babita Singh Lecturer Beni Madhav Singh PG College, Allahabad15. Dr. Supriti Mishra Lecturer Beni Madhav Singh PG College, Allahabad.16. Dr. A. P. Singh Senior Scientist Jain Irrigation systems Ltd. Kanpur17. Dr. Akansha Chaudhary SMS H.Sc. KVK, Lakhimpur Khiri.18. Mr. Deepa Kumari Teacher KVK, H.Sc. NDRI, Karnal19. Dr. Subhash Chandra - RAU Pusa Bihar.20. Mr. Sadhana Baish SMS KVK, Fatehpur, C.S.A.U. Kanpur21. Dr. D. P. Singh Sr. Scientist Vegetable Section, C.S.A.U. Kanpur22. Dr. Rajeev Agronomist Vegetable Section, C.S.A.U. Kanpur23. Mr. M. J. Pervez Director & Head -24. Mr. Khushboo Student C.S.A.U. Kanpur25. Mr. Manisha Devi, Student C.S.A.U. Kanpur26. Dr. Kamlesh Rajpoot Asstt. Prof. B.N.P.G.College27. Mr. Disha Bajpai Student C.S.A.U. Kanpur28. Dr. H.G. Prakash Joint Director C.S.A.U. Kanpur29. Dr. R. K. Pandey Asstt. Prof. C.S.A.U. Kanpur30. Mr. Renu Verma Student C.S.A.U. Kanpur31. Mr. Harshita Chauhan Student C.S.A.U. Kanpur32. Dr. C. B. Singh Deptt. of Seed Tech., C.S.A.U. Kanpur33. Dr. Priya Vashishtha SMS KVK, Hardoi34. Dr. Nimisha Awasthi Programme Asstt. KVK, Daleepnagar.

35. Dr. Ashok Kumar PC C.S.A.U. Kanpur36. Dr. Seema Sonkar Asstt. Prof. H.Sc., C.S.A.U. Kanpur37. Mr. Anil Kumar Student C.S.A.U. Kanpur38. Dr. Jiju Vyas Assoc.Prof. Junagarh Agri. Univ. Gujrat.39. Mr. Shivani Gurjar Student C.S.A.U. Kanpur40. Dr. Nalini Tiwari Asstt. Prof. Oilseed Section, C.S.A.U. Kanpur41. Dr. Achila Singh Asstt. Prof. Oilseed SectionC.S.A.U. Kanpur42. Dr. Jyotsana Singh HoD. Moh. Hasan P.G. Colleg, Jaunpur43. Dr. Chandra K Yadav SMS KVK, Daleep Nagar.44. Dr. Kaushal Kumar Asstt. Prof. C.S.A.U. Kanpur.45. Dr. Swati D Dubey SMS Pratapgarh.46. Mr. Reema Research Scholor FRM, C.S.A.U. Kanpur47. Dr. Saba Kausar Asstt. Prof. H.Sc. Govt. P.G. College, Etawah48. Dr. Anupma Kumari Asstt. Prof. KVM, P.G. College, Kanpur49. Dr. Archana Chaudhari Asstt. Prof. JDVM, P.G. College Kanpur50. Dr. Nirmala Singh Asstt. Prof. JDVM, P.G. College Kanpur51. Dr. Poonam Sonkar Asstt. Prof. Govt. College, Balia Kheeri52. Dr. Archana Verma Asstt. Prof. -53. Mr. Dipti Mishra Research Scholor Dewaria54. Dr. Babita Deegwal Asstt. Prof. -55. Dr. S. R. Yadav Asstt. Prof. Deptt. of Agri. Extension, C.S.A.U. Kanpur56. Dr. Arvind K Singh Asstt. Prof. Deptt. of Agri. Extension, C.S.A.U. Kanpur57. Dr. RamJee Gupta Asstt. Prof. A.H.& Dairying, C.S.A.U. Kanpur58. Dr. P.K. Upadhyay Assoc. Prof. A.H.& Dairying, C.S.A.U. Kanpur59. Aradhana Kushwaha Res. Scholor H.Sc.,C.S.A.U.Kanpur60. Mr. Katayani Res. Scholor H.Sc.,C.S.A.U.Kanpur61. Mr. Kirtima Sachan Res. Scholor H.Sc.,C.S.A.U.Kanpur62. Mr. Azra Sultan Res. Scholor H.Sc.,C.S.A.U.Kanpur63. Mr. Rahul Singh Pannu Student H.Sc.,C.S.A.U.Kanpur64. Dr. S. B. Pal Asstt. Prof. Directorate of Extension, C.S.A.U. Kanpur65. Dr. Subhash Chandra Assoc. Director Directorate of Extension, C.S.A.U. Kanpur66. Mr. Divya Sachan Student H.Sc., C.S.A.U. Kanpur67. Mr. Alka Katiyar P.A. KVK, Farukhabad, C.S.A.U. Kanpur68. Dr. Archand K Anand Asstt. Prof. AND Mahavidyalay, Kanpur69. Dr. Jitendra Singh Asstt. Prof. Directorate of Extension, C.S.A.U. Kanpur70. Dr. Sarvesh Kumar Asstt. Prof. C.S.A.U. Kanpur.71. Dr. Upesh Kumar P.C. KVK Schare, M.P.72. Mr. Garima Singh Ph.D. Scholor. P.A.U. Ludhiyana, Punjob.73. Dr. Sweta Yadav Asstt. Prof. Plant Breeding, C.S.A.U. Kanpur74. Dr. A. K. Sachan Asstt. Prof. Directorate of Seed & Farm, C.S.A.U. Kanpur75. Mrs. Suman Verma Res. Scholor Ambedkar Nagar76. Dr. Neerja Agrawal HoD. Deptt. Entomology, C.S.A.U. Kanpur77. Dr. Smita Tripathi PDF College of Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur.78. Dr. Sheela PDF College of Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur.79. Dr. Anamika Srivastava HOD H.Sc. Heralal Post Graduate College, LKO80. Dr. Sangeeta Gupta Asstt. Prof. ECM Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur81. Dr. Mithilesh Verma SMS ECM Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur82. Mr. Manoj Gupta Ph.D Scholor Dairy Deptt. C.S.A.U. Kanpur83 Mr. Anoop Singh Ph.D Scholor Dairy Deptt. C.S.A.U. Kanpur

84 Mr. Amisha Kumari Ph.D Scholor ECM Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur85 Mr. Sarita Devi Ph.D Scholor ECM Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur86 Mr. Amrita Baranwal Ph.D Scholor ECM Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur87 Mr. Suchita Mishra Ph.D Scholor ECM Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur88 Dr. Vinita Singh Asstt. Prof. FSN Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur89 Mr. Shiv Saran Ph.D Scholor Dairy Deptt. C.S.A.U. Kanpur90 Mr. Shalini Gupta Ph.D Scholor ECM Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur91 Mr. Anamika Singh Ph.D Scholor ECM Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur92 Mr. Jyoti Gupta Ph.D Scholor ECM Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur93 Mr. Rachana Rawat Student H.Sc., C.S.A.U. Kanpur94 Mr. Soni Arti N SMS KVK H.Sc. Gujrat95 Mr. Pushpa Jatav Teacher B S Mahavidhyalay, Ambedkar nagar96 Mr. Asha Yadav SMS KVK, Ferojabad, C.S.A.U. Kanpur97 Mr. Shneh Lata Singh Ph.D Scholor FRM Deptt. H.Sc., C.S.A.U. Kanpur98 Dr. Shridha Saxena Asstt. Prof. Deptt. of Entomology, C.S.A.U. Kanpur99 Mr. Rashmi Yadav Ph.D Scholor ECM Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur100 Dr. Tej Prakash P.C. Assoc.Prof. KVK, Thariyawn, C.S.A.U. Kanpur101 Dr. Shashi Kant SMS KVK, Kannauj.102 Mr. Tushar Singh M.Sc. Student ECM Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur103 Mr. Jaya Singh Ph.D Scholor ECM Deptt. Home Science, C.S.A.U. Kanpur104 Dr. Poonam Singh SMS KVK, Kannauj, C.S.A.U. Kanpur105 Dr. Mukta Garga Asstt. Prof. HUD Deptt. H.Sc. C.S.A.U. Kanpur106 Mr. Renu Nishad Teacher HUD Deptt. H.Sc. C.S.A.U. Kanpur107 Mr. Sumayal Anjum Teacher TCL Deptt. H.Sc. C.S.A.U. Kanpur108 Mr. Stuti Ph.D. Scholor Crop Physiology, C.S.A.U. Kanpur109 Km. Reena Ph.D. Scholor C.S.A.U. Kanpur110 Dr. Yogesh Jha Ph.D Scholor Deptt. of Agri. Extension, C.S.A.U. Kanpur111 Dr. Babu Singh Asstt. Prof. Deptt. of Agri. Economic, C.S.A.U. Kanpur112 Dr. Archana Singh Asstt. Prof. TCL Deptt. H.Sc. C.S.A.U. Kanpur113 Dr. Rashmi Singh Asstt. Prof. FSN Deptt. H.Sc. C.S.A.U. Kanpur114 Dr. Ritu Pandey Asstt. Prof. TCL Deptt. H.Sc. C.S.A.U. Kanpur115 Mr. Swati Sachan Res. Scholor Bhopal M.P.116 Mr. Anupama Res. Scholor Barrakatullah Univ.117 Mrs. Rashmi Mishra Lecturer, H. Sc. Shri Bhagwan Singh Mirzapur118 Mrs. Amrita Trapathi Lecturer, H. Sc. H.Sc. M.M. Inter College, Kanpur119 Mrs. Yogita Mishra Lecturer, H. Sc. H.Sc. S.B.S. Degree college 120 Mr. Subham Mishra Principal, H. Sc. H.Sc. Madhu Tandon College, Kalpi, Kanpur 121 Mrs. Vimala Teacher, H. Sc. Takshila Degree College Lakhimpur122 Mrs Surbhi Katiyar Lecture, H. Sc. Pyaralal Mahavidhyalay 123 Mrs. Richa Saxena Lecture, H. Sc. Juhari Devi G.P.College Kanpur124 Mrs. Ruchi Katiyar Lecture, H. Sc. Juhari Devi G.P.College Kanpur125 Mrs. Poornima Tiwari Lecture, H. Sc. Tulsi Das P.G. College, Gazipur126 Mr. Pooja Gupta Res. Scholor Moradabad127 Mr. Prem Lata Ranjan Teacher, H.Sc. Ambedkar Nagar128 Mr. Arati Awasthi Res. Scholor Bhopal University129 Dr. Pratibha Arya Asstt. Prof. Bundel Khand Univ. Jhansi130 Dr. Uttara Singh Asstt. Prof. Bundel Khand Univ. Jhansi131 Dr. Amrita Singh Asstt. Prof. Bundel Khand Univ. Jhansi132 Mr. Meenaxi Tiwari Asstt. Prof. Bundel Khand Univ. Jhansi

133 Dr. Om Singh Asstt. Prof. College of Horticulture Mandsaur134 Mrs. Richa Singh Programme Asstt. KVK, Sitapur135 Dr. Anju Singh HoD, H. Sc. College H.Sc., Kadipur, Sultanpur136 Dr. Vinod Kumar SMS,(Agronomy) KVK, Kannauj137 Dr. Pragya Mishra Asstt. Prof. Gramodya Mahavidhyaal Chitrakoot138 Dr. Neha Lecturer Mahila P.G. College, Udhamsingh Nagar139 Mrs. Neetu Saxena Lecturer H.Sc. Gyanasthali P.G. College, Gaunda140 Mr. Neelam Parihar Res. Scholor Bundel Khand Univ. Jhansi141 Dr. Sushma Srivastava Lecturer H.Sc. Mahila P.G. College, Gorakhpur142 Dr. Sandhya Srivastava HoD Govt. Girls P.G. College, Gorakhpur143 Mr. Karle, Snehal M.Sc. FSN144 Ms. Shivani Singh Res. Scholor Lalit Narayan Mahila University, Darbhanga145 Ms. Akansha Srivastava Res. Scholor Lalit Narayan Mahila University, Darbhanga146 Ms. Suman Chaudey Res. Scholor Lalit Narayan Mahila University, Darbhanga147 Dr. Tabassum Lecturer Jawahar Lal Nehru P.G. College, Darbhanga148 Dr. Alpana Singh Lecturer Dina Nath Rajkiya P.G. College Devaria149 Mr. Devendra Pr Tiwari CMD Dhenu Agro Producer New Delhi 150 Dr. P. K. Rathi Assoc. Director Extension, C.S.A.U. Kanpur151 Dr. Pragati Singh Programme Asstt. KVK, Ambala152 Dr. Upashana Singh P.C. KVK, Ambala153 Dr. Neha Mishra Home Scientist -154 Mr. Varnika Mishra Res. Scholor Barrakatullah Univ. Bhopal155 Dr. Deepali Chauhan SMS, H. Sc. K.V.K. Raibareli156 Dr. Neha Rastogi Res. Scholar Sai Nath University, Ranchi13. Account of Expenditure

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