Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Vol. 22

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PROCEEDINGS
OF
THK
ARISTOTELIAN
SOCIETY.
B
M
PRINTED
IN
GREAT
BRITAIN,
CONTENTS.
PAGE
1
NOVELTY.
PAPERS
READ
BEFORE
THE
SOCIETY.
iesi
less.
Meeting
at
21,
Gower
Street,
W.G.
1,
on
October
2
F.
C.
S.
SCHILLER.
them
to
analyse
why
they
hate
it
and
won't,
structed
as
to
experience
it,
and
the
world
is
continually
generating
it,
it
may
be
more
reasonable,
or
try
to
ignore
it.
For
the
benefit
of
these
few,
let
me
outline
the
scheme
of
this
NOVELTY.
3
experience,
differences
may
always
be
detected,
if
we
choose
to
attend
to
them.
Even
if
there
were
no
others,
the
mere
fact
anticipate
it
with
pleasure
or
repugnance,
hope
or
apprehension,
with
interest,
4
F.
C.
S.
SCHILLER.
too
seriously
our
definitions
of
the
latter,
and
the
inferences
drawn
from
it.
that
this
clumsy
phrase
embodied
a
truth
that
was
lacking
to
their
NOVELTY.
5
6
F.
C.
S.
SCHILLER.
too
cannot
help
being
conservative
cm
fond,
simply
because
they
too
have
habits.
Fundamentally
then
human
nature
is
conservative
for
good
and
evil.
It
engenders
a
conservative
bias,
which
pervades
all
social
structures
and
all
human
institutions,
and
tips
the
balance
against
novelties
of
(almost)
every
kind.
Novelty
is
normally
painful
psychologically
painful
NOVELTY.
7
the
8
F.
out.
Philosophy
has
no
such
motives
to
welcome
novelty.
Accordingly
it
NOVELTY.
9
had
been,
vainly,
urged
by
Aristarchus
of
Samos.
Darwinism
was
nothing
new,
because
it
was
anticipated
by
Anaximander.
Kelativity
is
nothing
new,
because
10
NOVELTY.
11
try
another
formula,
until
disturber
of
the
cosmic
order,
though
hardly
a
justification
of
to
the
12
F.
C.
NOVELTY.
1
3
consequences
14
F.
novelty
NOVELTY.
15
16
F.
NOVELTY.
17
prejudices
of
its
18
NOVELTY.
19
Metaphysics
should
may
be
such
seems
to
be
morally
NOVELTY.
21
distinction,
validity
of
Novelty
seems
of
plurality
of
souls,
which
are
all
omnipresent
and
everlasting,
a
24
F.
W.
THOMAS.
explanation
PERCEPTION
AND
ERROR.
25
explained
that
inference,
analogy
and
communication
are
excluded
as
being
instrumented
by
cognitions
of
subsumption,
similarity
and
meaning
respectively.
If
we
inquire
why
a
definition
based
upon
an
enumeration
26
F.
W.
THOMAS.
PERCEPTION
AND
ERROR.
27
least
28
F.
W.
THOMAS.
thing,
and
owing
to
PEKCEPTION
AND
30
F.
W.
THOMAS.
conjoined
with
the
sense-organ
is
smoke,
aiul
with
that
for
object
the
cognition
'smoko'
has
come
to
pass,
in
that
PERCEPTION
AND
ERROR.
31
doctrine
which
is
32
F.
W.
THOMAS.
34
F.
W.
THOMAS.
so,
PERCEPTION
AND
ERHOR.
35
so
36
F.
W.
THOMAS.
seen,
apprehend
PERCEPTION
AND
ERROR.
37
38
PERCEPTION
AND
40
F.
W.
THOMAS.
silver,
whereas
PERCEPTION
AND
ERROR.
41
42
PERCEPTION
AND
ERROR.
perceptual
judgment
(by
aid
of
a
proportion)
to
all
percipients,
then
Meeting
of
the
Aristotelian
Society
at
21,
Gower
Street,
W.C.
1,
on
December
5th,
1921,
at
8
P.M.
III.
ON
THE
LIMITATIONS
OF
A
KNOWLEDGE
OF
NATUKE.
By
JAMES
JOHNSTON
E.
SOMETIME
about
the
beginning
44
JAMES
JOHNSTONE.
THK
LIMITATIONS
OF
KNOWLEDGE.
45
finality
ami
46
I
mean
by
the
fundamental
concept
of
physical
energetics
the
universal
augmentation
of
entropy
TIIK
LIMITATIONS
OF
KNOWLEDGE.
47
physico-chemical
systems
that
we
call
organisms
to
resist
the
increase
of
entropy.
There
is,
therefore,
a
passage
of
nature
which
is
not
that
tending
to
inert-materiality
(that
is,
to
statistical
inertia)
but
speculative
physio-
logy
space-time
cannot
be
48
JAMES
JOtfNSTONE.
compared
functioning,
acting,
response
and
mentality,
perceiving
no
essential
differ-
ences
between
these
organic
activities.
The
organic
THE
LIMITATIONS
50
JAMES
JOHNSTONE.
acquirements,
THE
LIMITATIONS
OF
52
JAMES
JOHNSTONE.
change
in
the
environment
does
THE
LIMITATIONS
OF
discovered
54
THE
LIMITATIONS
OF
KNOWLEDGE.
after
the
other
in
is
very
plain
for
PHYSICAL
SPACE
AND
HYPERSPACKS.
57
58
F.
TAVANI.
above;
to
it
belong
PHYSICAL
SPACE
AND
60
F.
TAVANI.
correspond
also
to
It
is
to
this
analysis
of
motion
within
infinitesimal
of
infinitesimal
an
expression
of
the
same
by
means
of
hyperdirnensions.
This
relation
throws,
62
F.
TAVANI.
world
and
the
hyperspaces
the
bridge
which
was
needed.
Moreover
64
F.
TAVANI.
sufficient
condition
that
the
space
in
which
such
motion
happens
should
possess
n
dimensions,
PHYSICAL
SPACE
AND
HYPERSPACES.
65
belong
to
spaces
66
F.
TAVANI.
my
68
PHYSICAL
SPACE
Meeting
of
the
Aristotelian
Society
at
21,
Gower
Street,
W.C.
1,
on
January
70
H.
J.
PATON.
It
is
strange
that
in
a
place
marked
by
the
suppressed
but
tense
PLATO'S
THEORY
OF
EIKASIA.
71
and
the
fallible
doubt
72
of
these
proportions
PLATO'S
74
76
H.
J.
PATON.
We
pass
then
PLATO'S
78
H.
J.
PATON.
PLATO'S
THEORY
OF
EIKASIA.
79
reflexions,
the
dreams
of
the
sleeper,
and
the
dreams
of
the
artist.
Let
us
turn
to
the
Theaetetus
to
perceive
the
common
character
of
all
this.
Here
80
H.
stages
below
Sidvoia
in
much
the
same
language.
What
more
probable
than
that
especially
if
PLATO'S
THEORY
OF
can
only
find
knowledge
when
we
come
82
H.
J.
PATON.
things,
the
things
of
our
ordinary
world.
We
prefer
to
call
this
the
actual
world,
rather
than
object.
Every
judgment
is
an
existential
judgment.
By
thinking
alone
we
are
able
to
distinguish
between
PLATO'S
THEORY
OF
EIKASIA.
85
judgment
86
H.
J.
PATON.
sense,
and
not
the
actual
bed,
which
PLATO'S
THEORY
OF
come
88
PLATO'S
90
92
H.
,T.
PATON.
non
-spatial
reality
PLATO'S
THEORY
OF
EIKASIA.
93
back
upon
el/cao-ia,
94
H.
J.
PATON.
alike
are
occupied
chiefly
96
H.
PLATO
S
THEORY
OF
EIKA2IA.
97
object,
not
98
H.
J.
PATON.
unique
and
and
then
to
complain
living
reality
whether
100
PLATO'S
THEORY
OF
EIKASH.
101
talk
about
the
102
H.
J.
PATON.
PLATO'S
THEORY
OF
EIKASIA.
103
art
as
true.
We
104
PLATO'S
THEORY
OF
EIKASJA.
remaining
both
as
regards
our
attempts
to
explain
Plato's
meaning
and
as
regards
our
attempts
to
defend
Meeting
of
the
Aristotelian
Society
at
21,
Grower
Street,
London,
W.C.
1,
on
February
6th,
1922,
at
8
p.m.
VI
STANDARDS
AND
PRINCIPLES
IN
ART.
By
A.
H.
HANNAY.
I.
IN
his
Romanes
106
A.
H.
HAN
NAY.
taste
and
caprice.
Neither
alternative
is
Germans. In
of
108
A.
H.
HANNAY.
usually
eyed
askance
as
adding
to
the
difficulties
of
life,
is
here
invoked
in
order
to
simplify
and
make
easier.
meant
that
the
original
work
has
absolutely
no
link
with
the
past
112
A.
H.
HANNAY.
with
the
uncertain
struggling
and
experiment
STANDARDS
AND
PRINCIPLES
IN
ART.
113
of
sifting
of
good
from
system,
a
paradise
of
114
STANDARDS
AND
PRINCIPLES
IN
ART.
115
and
again.
116
STANDARDS
AND
PRINCIPLES
IN
ART.
117
character
of
the
poet's
genius
attractively
neat
STANDARDS
the
poet
writes
a
poem
he
120
A.
H.
H
ANN
AY.
encourage
conscious-
ness
and
in
fact
encircling
our
taste
there
will
be
STANDARDS
AND
PRINCIPLES
IN
ART.
121
qualitatively
distinct
activities,
of
which
the
one,
that
of
taste,
is
122
merit
of
the
essay
Meeting
of
the
Aristotelian
Society
at
21,
Gower
Street,
W.C.
1,
on
February
20th,
1922,
124
H.
WILDON
CARR.
knowledge
requires
us
to
presuppose
existence,
and
that
in
some
sense
a
universe
exists
in
space
and
time,
the
entities
within
which
idealism of the
EINSTEIN'S
THEORY.
125
experience.
Ultimately
and
fundamentally
the
qualities
of
physical
objects
are
sensations.
126
H.
WILDON
CARR.
which
presupposes
pure
reason,
enlightenment,
discernment,
as
the
transcendent
subjective
cause
of
experience.
That
is
to
say,
it
rejects
the
view
that
in
mathematics
the
mind,
endowed
with
reason,
contemplates
eternal
truth.
EINSTEIN'S
THEORY.
127
In
this
argument
I
set
aside
the
empirical
reason
for
rejecting
absolute
space-time-matter,
viz.,
the
negative
results
of
the
experiments.
128
T.
P.
NUNN.

seeks
to
convey
by
his
explanation
that
what
makes
an
object
KINSTEIN'S
THEORY.
131
Yet
we
know
that
some
132
A.
EINSTEIN'S
THEORY.
133
The
a
ments
of
the
analysis
are
more
abstract
than
the
experience.
134
DOROTHY
WlilNCH.
all
too
narrow.
Against
the
background
of
the
becomiugness
of
136
DOROTHY
WRINCH.
resulting
propositions
which
is
places
but
on
the
contrary,
each
point
of
space
time
has
its
own
gauge
system.
138
Meeting
of
140
THE
LOGIC
142
S.
N.
DASGUPTA.
THE
LOGIC
OF
THE
VEDANTA.
143
from
144
S.
N.
DASGUPTA.
important
categories
that
THE
LOGIC
at
all,
for
if
146
S.
N.
DASGUPTA.
THE
LOGIC
OF
THE
VEDANTA.
147
spite
of
their
idealism,
the
148
S.
N.
DASGUPTA.
that
in
every
phenomenon
THE
LOGIC
OF
THE
VEDANTA.
149
Brahman alone
found
in
its
own
nature
as
unreal
150
THE
LOGIC
OF
THE
VEDANTA.
151
tical
perception,
152
S.
N.
DASGUPTA.
is
entirely
different
from
the
perception
of
different from
the notions
excluded
middle
is
not
fundamental.
The
logic
of
change
and
of
illusion,
of
relativity
and
movement,
seems
to
support
the
Vedanta
view,
THE
LOGIC
OF
THE
VEDANTA.
153
that
side
by
side
with
positivity
and
negativity,
the
indefinite
154
S.
N.
DASGUPTA.
testimony
of
the
reality
all. It
THE
156
THE
LOGIC
OF
THE
VEDANTA.
Meeting
of
the
Aristotelian
Society,
at
21,
Gower
Street,
W.C.
1,
on
March
2Qth,
1922,
158
R.
THEORY
OF
KNOWLEDGE.
Ia9
symbols
and
consisting
in
the
apprehension
of
what
1-60
THEORY
OF
KNOWLEDdK.
161
when
he
contrasts
the
162
E.
F.
ALFRED
HOERNLE\
that
the
investigator
who
observes
and
in
love
who
did
not
know. *
THEORY
164
E.
F.
ALFKED
HOERNLE .
forms
of
religious
experience
much
the
more
poorly
qualified
for
thinking
justly
and
truly
on
religion
166
R.
F.
ALFRED
HOERNLE*.
advanced
THEORY
168
us
with
ideas
170
R.
F.
ALFRED
HOERNLE\
contemplated
172
THEORY
OF
KNOWLEDGE.
expressing
more
truly
the
nature
of
things
as
he
sees
them,
he
cannot
sets of
Meeting
of
the
Aristotelian
Society
at
21,
Gower
Street,
W.C.
1,
on
May
1st,
1922,
at
8
P.M.
1Y4
MARGARET
MACFARLANE.
In
the
simplest
accounts
REALISM
176
MARGARET
MACFARLANE.
pendent
of
knowing
minds
as
are
secondary
qualities
REALISM
AND
VALUES.
177
world,
some
ways
of
feeling
by
178
MARGARET
MACFARLANE.
There
is
no
quality
the
fulfil-
ment
of
desire,
but
a
quality
of
the
object
as
Mr.
Moore
regards
REALISM
AND
VALUES.
179
Monna
Lisa,
liking
which
is
the
central
fact
of
a
value
experience
180
MARGARET
MACFARLANE.
restricted
REALISM
AND
VALUES.
181
III.
In
his
account
an
environment
is
good
for
such
a
type,
and,
vice
versd,
the
type
is
182
MARGARET
MACFARLANE.
the
tendency
in
each
case
is
coherence
REALISM
AND
184
MARGARET
MACFARLANE.
conscious
among
individuals,
evil
is
the
counterpart
of
error.
f
In
REALISM
AND
VALUES.
185
the
figures
in
Botticelli's
REALISM
AND
VALUES.
187
thus
follows
reality
and
is
determined
by
it
what
is
gained
by
denying
coherence
to
reality
itself
place
of
observation.
If,
in
pursuance
of
our
habit
of
thought,
we
now
supplement
the
propositions
of
Euclidian
GEOMETRY
AND
REALITY.
I'.M
contention
of
physicists
that
no
system
of
geometry
can
be
taken
more
complex
character
192
THOMAS
GREENWOOD.
simple
propositions
or
axioms,
or
postulates,
which,
in
virtue
of
these
ideas,
we
are
inclined
to
accept
as
respecting
GEOMETRY
AND
REALITY.
193
suppose
between
the
observed
facts
some
possible
relations
we
observe
and
what
we
experience
because
194
THOMAS
GREENWOOD.
theory
of
hyperpolyhedra,
but
there
is
GEOMETRY
AND
REALITY.
195
GEOMETRY
AND
REALITY.
197
straight
line
path
between
these
very
stars
and
the
point
198
GEOMETKY
AND
REALITY.
199
differential
calculus
of
200
THOMAS
GREENWOOD.
him
more
than
anything
else,
for
they
enlarge
the
ready-
reckoner
of
mathematical
regard
to
similar
observations.
If
202
THOMAS
GKEENWOOP.
is
impossible
for
(;KOMKTRY
AND
REALITY.
203
we
make
a
new
conquest
over
the
unknown,
which
remains
for
us
a
definite
acquisition.
Although
scientific
theories
cannot
be
looked
upon
as
an
adequate
knowledge
of
Nature,
because
Eeality
is
necessarily
refracted
by
204
GEOMETRY
AND
REALITY.
we
do
not
Meeting
of
the
Aristotelian
Society
at
21,
Gower
Street,
W.G.
1,
on
July
History
is
equal
to
Philosophy
and
206
DOUGLAS
AINSLIE.
itself
every
fact,
BENEDETTO
CKOCE'S
208
DOUGLAS
A1NSLIE
distinctions
in
the
development
of
the
concept
of
art
as
described
by
BENEDETTO
CROCE'S
HISTORIOGRAPHY.
209
Buckle
and
the
Positivists,
BENEDETTO
CROCE'S
HISTORIOGRAPHY.
211
foreheads
212
such
thought
consists
are
not
two
discreet
realities
214
BENEDETTO
CROCE'S
Read
PHILOSOPHICAL
ASPECTS
218
A.
PHILOSOPHICAL
ASPECTS
OF
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
RELATIVITY.
219
that
our
partial
knowledge
PHILOSOPHICAL
ASPECTS
OF
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
RELATIVITY.
221
the
first
place,
it
is
quite
easy
to
imagine
an
infinite
observer,
such
as
God,
whom
in
this
connexion
I
call
infinite
as
being
impartially
aware
of
all
relationships
of
items
within
nature.
Each
one
222
PHILOSOPHICAL
ASPECTS
OF
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
RELATIVITY.
I'L
of
space
is
a
well
established
principle,
224
IN
MEMOKIAM :
MISS
K.
E.
CONSTANCE
JONES.
225
Congress
of
Philosophy
at
Bologna,
and
shortly
afterwards
published
the
little
book
with
that
title.
226
ABSTRACT
227
January
16th,
1922.
228
May
16th,
1922.
229
R.
Rivers,
whose
participation
in
the
present
Congress
had
been
part
of
the
original
arrangements.
The
meeting
rose
in
230
silent
expression
of
sympathy.
A
Symposium
on
Is
the
Unconscious
a
Conception
of
Value
in
Psychology
231
THE
SPECIAL
SESSION
OF
THE
SOCIfiTfi
FRANgAlsi
DE
PHILOSOPHIE,
HELD
AT
THE
SORBONNE,
PAKI>.
2731
DECEMBER,
1921.
The
following
members
accepted
232
V
The
second
general
Session,
233
234
LIST
OF
OFFICERS
AND
MEMBERS
235
HONORARY
MEMBERS.
F.
H.
BRADLEY,
21)6
Elected.
1914.
237
Elected.
1910.
Miss
BEATRICE
EDGELL,
M.A.,
Ph.D.,
15,
Lyon
Road,
Harrow.
1917.
Rev.
238
Erected.
1921.
239
Elected.
1911.
Prof.
WM.
MACDOUGALL,
M.A.,
D.Sc.,
F.R.S.,
Harvard
University,
Cambridge,
Mass.
240
Elected.
1918.
GEOBGE
PITT-RIVERS,
241
Elected.
1917.
Miss
MAY
242
Elected.
1896.
Prof.
King's
Road,
Chelsea,

Documents

Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Vol. 22