PROCEEDINGS - Willkommen — Verbundzentrale des … · PROCEEDINGS "Coal - Energy and the Environment" Eighth Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference October 14-18, 1991

PROCEEDINGS

"Coal - Energy and the Environment"

Eighth Annual InternationalPittsburgh

Coal Conference

October 14-18, 1991

Hosted by:

The University of PittsburghSchool of Engineering

Center for Energy Research

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SERIES I: FUNDAMENTALS

SESSION 1

SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORY

Mineral Matter Transformations

Cochairmen:

L. Baxter, Sandia National Laboratoryi. J. Helble, PSI Technology Company

The Relative Fouling Tendencies of Parent and Blended Coals:Modeling and ExperimentE. L. Barta, M. A. Toqan, J. M. Beer, A. F. Sarofim, The Energy Laboratoryand Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology . .

The Effect of Coal Cleaning on the Partitioning of Trace Elements DuringPulverized Coal CombustionJ. J. Helble, S. Srinivasachar, PSI Technology Company; F. E. Huggins, N. Shah,G. P. Huffman, University of Kentucky

Predicting the Effects of Ash Deposits on Boiler Performance:Where Do We Stand?R . W . B o r i o , A . A . L e v a s s e u r , Asea B r o w n B o v e r i - Combustion E n g i n e e r i n g . . . . 5

Assessment of Ash Sintering Potential by Conductance and DilatometryG. K. Lee, K. V. Thambimuthu, J. M. Hill, Department of Energy, Mines andResources, Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology 6

Practical Application of Advanced Coal Analysis to Coal BlendingD. W. Brekke, C. J. Zygarlicke, B. S. Folkedahl, E. N. Steadman, Energy &Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota 12

Char Fragmentation and Fly Ash Formation During Coal CombustionL. L. Baxter, Sandia National Laboratories 19

SESSION 2

BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

Combustion Modeling

Chairman:

S. C. Hill, Brigham Young University

A Validation Study of the Moving-Bed Coal Gasification Model, MGAST. J. O'Brien, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center; M. Syamlal,EG&G Washington Analytical Services Center, Morgantown Operations 27

Simulation of Mineral Matter Behavior During CombustionJ. Harb, G. H. Richards, Advanced Combustion Engineering Research Center,Brigham Young University

Numerical Models as Combustion System Design ToolsC. E. Latham, W. A. Fiveland, A. D. LaRue, The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Full-Scale Combustion SystemsS. C. Hill, J. D. Cannon, L. D. Smoot, Advanced Combustion EngineeringResearch Center, Brigham Young University

Mathematical Modelling of Some Semi-Industrial Pulverised Coal FlamesF. C. Lockwood, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine;T. Mahmud, Leeds University; M. A. Yehia, Imperial College of Science,Technology and Medicine, UNITED KINGDOM

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Combustion and Flow Processes in aCoal Fired CombustorA. U. Chatwani, A. Turan, D. B. Stickler, Textron Defense Systems . .

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SESSION A

Fundamentals

Cochairmen:

B. I. Morsi, University of PittsburghM. Wu, Consolidation Coal Company

Drop Size Comparisons for Flue Gas DesulfurizationW. Bartell, J. Ferrazza, R. Schick, Spraying Systems Co

Coal Denitrification in Mild PyrolysisP. T. Yeh, T. C. Keener, Department of Civil & EnvironmentalEngineering, University of Cincinnati

Determination of "Organic" Sulfur Species in Coal by SupercriticalFluid ExtractionR. C. Timpe, P. K. K. Louie, D. J. Miller, S. B. Hawthorne, Energy andEnvironmental Research Center, University of North Dakota

Sulfur Capture by Flame Processed SorbentsH. S. Hura, J. Woodroffe, D. Stickler, Textron Defense Systems

Effect of Pyrolysis Conditions on Gasification Reactivity of CharsR. K. Agrawal, M. W. Kellogg Co

Modeling IGCC System Performance, Emissions and Cost Using ProbabilisticEngineering ModelsH. C. Frey, E. S. Rubin, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies,Carnegie Mellon University

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The Sulphur Dioxide Reduction by Limestone During Staged CombustionW. U. Z. Khan, B. M. Gibbs, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM

Transport Equation in the Flue Gas DesulphurisationA. P. Bhattacharya, S. Chaudhuri, National Metallurgical Lab, INDIA

Aerosolized Feeding System for Dry ScrubbingM. K. Alam, N. Nahar, M. Prudich, College of Engineering and Technology,Ohio University

Enhancing the Extractability of Coal Under Atmospheric Pressure Conditions.Mechanism of Successive Solvent Attack on Coal StructureD. K. Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology, INDIA

SESSION 3

OHIO COAL RESEARCH CONSORTIUM

Dry Scrubbing

Cochairmen:

M. E. Prudich, Ohio UniversityS.-J. Khang, University of Cincinnati

Modeling and Evaluation of Granular Limestone, Dry Scrubbing ProcessesS. Chattopadhyay, K. J. Sampson, M. E. Prudich, N. S. Reddy, Department ofChemical Engineering, Ohio University

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Powder Agglomeration Effects in the Dispersion and Transport ofCalcium-Based SorbentsR. J. Eubanks, K. Raghunathan, L.-S. Fan, Department of Chemical Engineering,The Ohio State University

The Effects of Carbonation Reaction on the Utilization of CalciumHydroxide SorbentX. Zhang, A. Wang, S. J. Khang, T. C. Keener, Department of Civil &Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati

Rapid, High-Temperature Sulfur Capture with Calcium-Based SorbentsR. J. Anderson, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center;S. P. Venkatesan, Oak Ridge Associate Universities; M. S. Tucker, U.S. DOE,Morgantown Energy Technology Center

Effect of Chloride on Spray Dryer Flue Gas Desulfurization PerformanceT. A. Burnett, Tennessee Valley Authority; R. A. Barton, C. W. Dawson,Ontario Hydro, CANADA; R. G. Rhudy, Electric Power Research Institute;G. Blythe, K. L. Heineken, Radian; M. Durham, ADA Technologies, Inc. . .

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SESSION 4

U.S. DOE, MORGANTOWN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER

Analytical Techniques for Trace Elements

Chairman:

Rod Anderson, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center

Analytical Instrumentation for Monitoring Process StreamsR. Romanosky, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center

In Situ Particle Size Distribution Measurements in Coal-Fired CombustionD. Holve, Insitec

Monitoring Methods for Selected Air ToxicsR. Mann, A. G. Eklund, C. M. Thompson, Radian Corp.; W. Chow, B. Nott,Electric Power Research Institute

Capacitance Imaging System for Use in Monitoring Solids/Gas FlowsD. E. Paton, G. E. Fasching, N. S. Smith, U.S. DOE, Morgantown EnergyTechnology Center

The Development of a Portable Device for the Monitoring of Coal StockpileTemperature and Gas CompositionS. Grossman, National Coal Supply Corporation; S. Davidi, Ben Gurion University;H. Cohen, NRCN Chemistry Department, ISRAEL

Trace Element and S Isotopic Microanalysis of Coal - A Combined PIXE andSIMS ApproachD. D. Hickmott, W. S. Baldridge, Los Alamos National Laboratory

SESSION 5


Fundamental Studies of Pyrolysis Processes inMild Gasification of Coal

Cochairmen;

M. A. Serio, Advanced Fuel ResearchD. Maloney, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center

Mild Gasification - The U.S. Department of Energy Program to ProduceHigh-Value Products from Pyrolysis of CoalJ. Longanbach, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center

Chemical Nature of Liquids from Coal PyrolysisW. Wanzl, DMT-Gesellschaftf. Forschung u. Prufung GmbH, GERMANY

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The Development of Correlations Between Chemical Composition and SomeProperties of Coal Liquids and Shale OilsL. J. Shadle, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center;K. Seshadri, EG&G WASC/METC 162

NMR Characterization of Pyrolysis and Activation of Illinois CoalsM. A. Petrich, A. Merchant, Department of Chemical Engineering,Northwestern University 171

Approaches for Improving Coal Pyrolysis PerformanceC. W. Kruse, A. D. Williams, Illinois State Geological Survey 177

Modeling of Mild Gasification ProcessesM . A . S e r i o , P . R . S o l o m o n , Z . - Z . Y u , S . C h a r p e n a y , Advanced Fuel R e s e a r c h . . . 1 8 3

SERIES II: COAL CLEANING

SESSION 6

IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY - AMES LABORATORY

Coal Cleaning I

Cochairmen:

R. Markuszewski, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State UniversityA. Deurbrouck, Consultant

Coal Oxidation and Its Effect on Oil AgglomerationX. Qiu, T. D. Wheelock, Ames Lab, Iowa State University 191

Characterization of Chemical and Energetic Compositions of Fine Coal Surfaces:Advances and ProblemsX.-H. Wang, B.K. Parekh, Center for Applied Energy Research, Universityof Kentucky 197

Washability Characterization of Fine CoalG.T. Adel, D. Wang, R.-H. Yoon, Virginia Center for Coals & Minerals Processing,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 204

The Effect of Sonic Energy on the Flotation Response of Oxidized Coaland PyriteW. H. Buttermore, B. J. Slomka, M.R. Dawson, Ames Lab, Iowa State University . 210

Recent Developments in Coal PreparationJ. Balzarini, R. Hucko, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center 218

SESSION 7

U.S. DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER

Coal Cleaning II

Cochairmen:

R. Killmeyer, Jr., U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology CenterA. Deurbrouck, Consultant

Middlings Grinding and Novel Fine-Coal Cleaning Produces Feedstock forSelf-Scrubbing CoalJ. K. Kindig, Customs Coals Int'l 231

Applicability of Upgraded U.S. Low-Rank Coals to Power Plants ofPacific Rim CountriesY. K. Ahn, T. L. Buchanan, R. Zaharchuk, Gilbert/Commonwealth 237

Development of the Microcel™ TechnologyG. H. Luttrell, M. J. Mankosa, R. H. Yoon, Virginia Center for Coal and MineralsProcessing, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 247

An Economic Evaluation of Microbial Desulfurization of CoalM. S. McCaughey, D. L. Rosholt, MSE, Inc.; G. Andrews,M. Mcllwain, EG&G, Inc 254

The Enhancement of the Selectivity of Oil Agglomeration for the Eliminationof Iron Pyrite from CoalR. J. Good, Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY-Buffalo; M. N. Badgujar,G.K. Carbonate Co.; H. T.-L. Huang, Department of Chemical Engineering,Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; S. N. Handur-Kulkarni, C. S. Kimeric Co.;D. V. Keller, Ostica Ind., Ltd 260

Dry Cleaning of Coarse Coal with an Air Dense Medium Fluidized at10 Tons Per HourQ. Chen, Y. Yi, Z. Yu, T. Wang, China University of Mining &Technology, PRC 266

SESSION B

Coal Cleaning

Cochairmen:


The Behavior of Trace Elements During Fine Coal Cleaning by Froth FlotationA. B. Garcia, M. R. Martinez-Tarazona, Instituto Nacional del Carbon,CSIC, SPAIN 275

Flotation Behavior of Mineral and Coal PyriteT. Zhong, Q. Huang, W. B. Hu, M. E. Wadsworth, D. M. Bodily,College of Mines, University of Utah 282

Desulfurization of Sulcis Coal by Low Temperature Pyrolysis andSelective AgglomerationG. Passoni, L. Pellegrini, A. Vettor, Eniricerche SpA, ITALY 287

Optimization of an Agglomeration Process Using n-Heptane as AgglomerantS. Kim, M. V. Ciocco, B. I. Morsi, S.-H. Chiang, G. Araujo, Chemical andPetroleum Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh 293

Morphology of Coal Agglomerates from a Selective Agglomeration ProcessH. A. Bi, J. R. Blachere, Material Science and Engineering, B. I. Morsi,S.-H. Chiang, G. Araujo, S. Kim, M. V. Ciocco, Chemical and PetroleumEngineering, University of Pittsburgh 299

Improved Molten Caustic Cleaning of Coal by Two-Stage LeachingC. D. Chriswell, R. Markuszewski, Ames Lab, Iowa State University 305

Estimation of Critical Particle Size in Float Sink SeparationsD. Birlingmair, W. Buttermore, B. V. Eniistiin, James Pollard, Ames Lab,Iowa State University 312

Thermoanalytical Study of the Combustibility of a Coal Cleaned withMolten CausticG. Norton, R. Markuszewski, C. D. Chriswell, Ames Lab, Iowa State University . . 316

Vitrinite Enrichment of Coal Slurries by Selective Flocculation and ElutriationJ. J. Prinsloo, University of the North, Sovenga; J. H. P. van Heerden, SOMCHEM,Somerset-West, SOUTH AFRICA 323

Coal Refining by Maceral Liberation and SeparationK. E. Tempelmeyer, J. Crelling, E. Hippo, B. Paul, M. Yen, Southern IllinoisUniversity at Carbondale 329

SERIES III: ENEGY/ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

SESSION C

Open Forum - Energy Issues

Cochairman:


Market-Based Approach to Acid Rain ControlC. S. Pavetto, Attorney 337

Environmental Impacts Due to Surface Mining of Coal in Southern BrazilG. M. Rohde, Fundacao de Ciencia e Tecnologia, BRAZIL 338

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Materials Engineering Challenges in Clean Coal TechnologiesG. Sorell, G. Sorell Consulting Services 342

China's Coal Industry: Its Present Situation and ProspectsJ. Dong, Research Institute of Energy Economics, PRC 351

The International Trade of Coal in the People's Republic of ChinaX. Gia, Company of Transport & Sale of Coal ofXinzhou Region, PRC 355

A Rational Coal Based Fuel Policy for the U.S.A.

M. Deul, University of Pittsburgh 356

SESSION 8

SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY

Utility Compliance Strategies

Chairman:

J. Mead, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale

Phase I and Phase II Acid Rain Compliance ApproachesL. Metzroff, K. S. Knutson, Resource Data International, Inc 363State Policy in Relation to Emission Allowance Creation and TradingB. Lieberman, Illinois Department of Energy & Natural Resources 390

Role of Emission Allowances in Utility Compliance DecisionsD. South, Argonne National Laboratory; K. McDermott, Center forRegulatory Studies 391

SO2 Emission Allowances: Yours, Mine, Ours, and TheirsT. Huettemann, Energy Management Associates, Inc 392

Modeling Coal Market Responses to Acid Rain LegislationG. Parker, J. Crenshaw, Department of Mathematics, D. Arey, Coal Research Center,Southern Illinois University at Carbondale 396

SESSION 9

CONFERENCE SYMPOSIUM

Global Climate Change:Scientific, Economic and Policy Perspectives

Cochairmen:

Robert Kane, U.S. Department of Energy, HeadquartersDonald Kratz, AMAX Coal Company

The Uncertainties of Global Temperatures in the Global Warming ContextJ. Christy, University of Alabama in Huntsville 405

Global Climate Change - International PerspectivesS. Kinney, Office of Global Change, Department of State 411

An Electric Utility PerspectiveW. Fang, Edison Electric Institute 412

What is the Global Climate Change Issue Really All About?T. Altmeyer, National Coal Association 413

Macroeconomic Impacts of Emission Reduction StrategiesD. South, Argonne National Laboratory 415

CO, Removal, Recovery & Disposal: Options and CostsC. Drummond, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center 416

SESSION 10


RCRA Reauthorization - What's in Store for the Coal Industry

Cochairmen:

R. Fenton, American Mining CongressW. B. Middendorf, Benatec Associates

Proposed Amendments to RCRA - The Potential Impact on MiningB. Little, Esq., Jackson & Kelley 419

New NPDES Stormwater Discharge Permitting RequirementsT. McCrum, Esq., Crowell & Moring 420

Environmental Auditing - Protecting Yourself from Potential LiabilityW. B. Middendorf, Benatec Associates 424

SERIES IV: ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES

SESSION 11


Effects of Environmental Legislation on Utility Planning

Cochairmen:

G. Hollinden, Radian CorporationR. H. Rainey, U.S. Department of Energy, Headquarters

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Overview and Implementation StatusB. Brownell, Hunton & Williams 431

SO2 Allocation Trading System - Allowing it to WorkD. Dudek, A. LeBlanc, Environmental Defense Fund 431

The Market Potential for Gas Cleaning Systems Adopted to Powerplants inEurope and the Associated PoliciesH. A. Masson, ECOTEC, BELGIUM 431

Complying with the Entire Clean Air Act - A National PerspectiveB. Beck, Edison Electric Institute 431

Global Climate Change: Economic, Scientific and International PerspectivesP. Bailey, Department of Energy, Headquarters 431

Evaluating Options for Acid Rain Compliance - A Utility's PerspectiveD. Heydlauff, American Electric Power Service Corporation 433

SESSION 12


SO2 Control from Utility Perspective

Chairman:

N. Sekhar, Stone & Webster

Development of a Streamline Flue Gas Desulphurisation Plant for Retrofitto a 2000 MW U.K. Power StationI. Gower, JBE&C, Ltd.; J. Evans, S. Reynolds, Powergen, United Kingdom 441

The Evolution of FGD System Design, Operation and Maintenance atTampa Electric CompanyJ. Smolenski, R. Laws, K. Sheffield, G. Grotecloss, Tampa Electric Co 443

The Utility Perspective of the Limb Project at Ohio Edison's Edgewater StationJ, Hoffmann, Ohio Edison Co.; T. R. Goots, Babcock & Wilcox 444

Acid Rain Compliance Strategy Approach for Utility IndustryN. Sekhar, C. Wedig, Stone & Webster 450

Integrated Systems for NO, and SO, Removal in the Healy Clean Coal ProjectR. A. York, Stone & Webster; S. Heintz, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh EnergyTechnology Center; F. Abegg, Golden Valley Electric Assoc.;S. Denton, Usibelli Coal Mine 451

The Use of Cerium Oxide in Flue Gases as a Regenerable Sorbent for SO2

and the Use of Cerium Sulfate as a Catalyst for NOX RemovalW. G. Wilson, Gas Desulfurization Corp.; J. T. Cobb, Chemical and PetroleumEngineering, University of Pittsburgh; D. A. K. Roy, Department of MaterialScience and Engineering, McMaster University, CANADA; V. Jalan, M. Desai,Electrochem, Inc 457

The Cansolv™ System Process - Economical High Efficiency FGD for HighSulfur CoalR. W. Birnbaum, L. E. Hakka, Union Carbide, CANADA 464

SESSION D

Environmental Technologies

Cochairmen:


Control of Denitrification Unit at Coal Firing Thermal Power PlantT. Oiwa, Yonden Engineering Co., Ltd., JAPAN

The Current Status of the NOXSO Flue Gas Treatment ProcessJ. L. Haslbeck, M. C. Woods, NOXSO Corp.; R. L. Gilbert, MK-Ferguson Co.;C. P. Brundrett, W. R. Grace & Co.; R. E. Bolli, Ohio Edison

Unique Features of Urea-Based NO,OUT™ Process for Reducing NO, EmissionsM. L. Lin, D. V. Diep, L. Dubin, Nalco Fuel Tech

Evaluation of Sulfite- and Citrate-Based Facilitated-Transport LiquidMembranes for Flue Gas DesulfurizationN. R. Pakala, S. E. LeBlanc, D. S. Varanasi, Department of ChemicalEngineering, The University of Toledo

Recycle of Wastes in Pubai Power PlantJ. Li, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh;L. Bo, CCMRI, PRC

Alternative Perspectives for Carbon Dioxide StabilizationM. S. Iyengar, V.A. Iyengar, M. S. Iyengar & Assoc, INDIA

The Use of Coal Combustion Solid By-Product in Coal Mines as Binding MaterialP. Krzystolik, K. Lebecki, Experimental Mine "Barbara"; J. Hycnar, State CoalAgency; B. Mikolajczyk, Energopomiar, POLAND

SESSION 13


NO, Control from Utility Perspective

Cochairmen:

D. Shore, Radian CorporationD. Eskinazi, Electric Power Research Institute

Learning from the School of Hard NO,V. J. Brisini, Pennsylvania Electric Company

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Advanced Tangentiaily Fired Combustion Techniques for the Reduction ofNitrogen Oxide (NO,) Emissions from Coal-Fired BoilersS. M. Wilson, R. R. Hardman, Southern Company Services

Advanced Wall Fired Combustion Techniques for the Reduction of NitrogenOxide (NO,) Emissions from Coal-Fired BoilersS. M. Wilson, J. N. Sorge, Southern Company Services

Demonstration of Low-NO, Cell-Burner on the 330 MW N.4 Coal Unit atVado Ligure Power StationA. Benanti, G. DeMichele, R. Tarli, ENEL, ITALY

Retrofit NOX Control Strategies for Coal-Fired Utility BoilersD. Eskinazi, Electric Power Research Institute

Implementation of Combustion Modifications to Reduce NO,D. C. Baublis, R. J. Dube, Stone & Webster

SESSION 14

RADIAN CORPORATION

Utility Executive Forum

Chairman:

D. Carl ton, Radian Corporation

Panel DiscussionG. Hidy, Vice President, Electric Power Research Institute; J. J. Markowsky,Senior Vice President, American Electric Power Service Corporation; E. Nye,President, Texas Utility Electric Company

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Question and Answer Period

Presentation of Papers:

Flue Gas Desulfurization Costs TodayR. J. Keeth, P. A. Ireland, United Engineers & Constructors; P. T. Radcliffe,Electric Power Research Institute

SESSION 15

SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY

Toxics and Combustion Waste Disposal

Chairman:

S. Rajan, Southern Illinois University

Chemisorptive Liners for Isolation/ Containment of Spray Dryer and AFBCBy-ProductsW. A. Weigand, A. G. Eklund, Radian Corp.; M. McLean, Electric PowerResearch Institute

Ettringite Formation in Coal Ash as a Mechanism for Stabilization ofHazardous Trace ElementsD. J. Hassett, D. F. Pflughoeft-Hassett, Energy & Environmental Research Center,University of North Dakota; G. J. McCarthy, Departments of Chemistry andGeology, North Dakota State University

557

Effects of Process Variables on Atmospheric Fluidized Bed CombustionSolid By-Product CharacteristicsA. G. Eklund, Radian Corp.; D. M. Golden, Electric Power Research Institute

Autoclaved Cellular Concrete: A Unique Fly Ash Based Building MaterialE. C. Pytlik, J. Saxena, Department of Technology Education WestVirginia University

High-Volume Fly Ash Utilization and the Hydrogeologic Effects at aNorth Dakota Power Generation FacilityD. F. Pflughoeft-Hassett, Energy & Environmental Research Center,University of North Dakota; A. Stewart, Cooperative Power; C. J. Moretti,Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota;T. Johnson, Delta Environmental; D. J. Hassett, B. A. Dockter, Energy& Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota

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Characterization of Mutagenic Compounds in Coal Tar from LurgiGasification ProcessX.-B. Xu, X.-K. Wang, Z.-L. Jin, Academia Sinica, PRC; Y.-Y. Wang,California Health Department

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SERIES V: NOVEL CONVERSION STRATEGIES

SESSION 16

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH

Applied C, Chemistry

Cochairmen:

I. Wender, University of PittsburghJ. G. Goodwin, Jr., University of Pittsburgh

"C Tracer Studies in Elucidating Mechanisms in the Fischer-Tropsch SynthesisB. H. Davis, Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky 597

The Effect of CO2 and H2O and Their Interaction in a Novel SlurryPhase Synthesis of MethanolV. Palekar, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh;Z. Liu, Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University;Y. T. Shah, School of Engineering, Drexel University; J. W. Tierney,I. Wender, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh 603

Thermodynamic Analysis of Dual Catalytic Synthesis of Dimethyl Etherfrom SyngasM. R. Gogate, P. Vijayragnavan, K. L. Fullerton, S. Lee, Department ofChemical Engineering, University of Akron 609

Parametric Comparison of Two-Phase Fixed Bed and Three-Phase BubbleColumn ReactorsS. L. Shannon, A. M. Kazi, J. G. Goodwin, Jr., Chemical and PetroleumEngineering, University of Pittsburgh 615

Modeling of Slurry Reactor for Fischer-Tropsch SynthesisA. Prakash, P. Bendale, Viking Systems Intl 621

Perspective of C, Chemistry in ChinaH.-C. Bao, Chinese Academy of Science, PRC; W.-Z. Li, D.-B. Liang, Dalian

Institute of Chemical Physics, PRC 630

SESSION 17


Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Processes

Cochairmen:

R. Bajura, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology CenterM. J. Mayfield, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center

Coal Gasification for Power GenerationM. R. Gogineni, H. E. Andrus, Combustion Engineering; L. A. Frasco, Springfield, ILOffice of Public Utilities 633

Shell Coal Gasification Process: Recent Results on Low Ash Feedstocks,Including Petroleum CokeJ. N. Phillips, U. Mahagaokar, Shell Development Co

The Application of Underground Coal Gasification to the PennsylvaniaAnthracite ResourceA. H. Singleton, G. S. Malasky, B. E. Davis, Energy International Corporation . .

The Behavior of Sulfur Sorbents Containing Dispersed NickelJ. H. Swisher, Mechanical Engineering & Energy Processes, Southern IllinoisUniversity; K. Schwerdtfeger, Technische Universitat Clausthal, GERMANY . . . .

Update on DOE's IGCC ProgramsR. A. Bajura, R. C. Bedick, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center .

Selecting Coal Gasification Processes in Relation to Feedstock Characteristicsand End User NeedsW. H. Tuppeny, Jr., Tuppeny & McGowan Assoc; A. Flowers, Consultant;H. Brown, IMS Pty Ltd., SOUTH AFRICA; G. Quesnel, Stein Industrie, FRANCE .

SESSION E

Novel Conversion Strategies

Cochairmen:


Kinetics of Sulfur Compounds Release and Evolution in the Liquefactionof CoalF. Gioia, University of Naples; G. Brescia, ENIRICERCHE; F. Murena,FISIA, ITALY

Economical Clean Carbon Fuel and Coproduct Gaseous and Liquid Fuelfrom CoalM. Steinberg, E. W. Grohse, Brookhaven National Laboratory

R&D on the Slurry Fischer-Tropsch/ZSM-5 Process for the Synthesis ofHydrocarbonsY.-L Zhao, T.-G. Song, P.-G. Liu, B.-J. Zhang, Institute of Coal Chemistry, PRC .

Western Energy Company Advanced Coal Conversion ProcessJ. Kelly, R. W. Sheldon, Western Energy Co.; D. L. Rosholt, S. T. Kujawa,MSE, Inc

The Use of Anthracite in Ferrous and Nonferrous Metal SmeltersP. L. Rozelle, The Anthracite Institute, A. W. Scaroni, The Combustion Laboratory,Pennsylvania State University

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SESSION 18


Iron-Based Catalysts in Liquefaction

Cochairmen:

M. Farcasiu, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology CenterL. Anderson, University of Utah

Formation and Characterization of Highly-Dispersed Iron CatalystsJ. Wilcoxon, A. Sylwester, P. Nigrey, A. Martino, C. Quintana, R. J. Baughman,Sandia National Laboratory

Novel Technologies for the Production of Ultrafine CoalLiquefaction CatalystsD. W. Matson, J. J. Fulton, J. C. Linehan, R. M. Bean, PacificNorthwest Laboratory

Structure and Dispersion of Iron-Based Catalysts of Interest in theConsortium for Fossil Fuel Liquefaction Science ProgramG. P. Huffman, F. E. Huggins, University of Kentucky; M. S. Seehra,R. T. K. Baker, Chemical Engineering Department, Auburn University;E. M. Eyring, Chemistry Department, University of Utah; P.J. Reucroft,University of Kentucky

Iron-Sulfur Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Recent Progress atNEDO-JAPANH. Narita, New Energy and Industrial Technology DevelopmentOrganization, JAPAN

Novel Modifications of Fe (III) Oxides for Catalysis in Coal LiquefactionV. R. Pradham, J. W. Tierney, I. Wender, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,University of Pittsburgh

The Use of Hydrated Iron Oxide Catalysts in Coal LiquefactionA. V. Cugini, D. Krastman, R. F. Hickey, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh EnergyTechnology Center; V. Balsone, Gilbert/Commonwealth

SESSION 19


Applied Liquefaction

Cochairmen:

H. D. Schindler, Burns & Roe Industrial Services Co.F. Burke, Consolidation Coal Company

Direct Coal Liquefaction - Status and DirectionR. E. Lumpkin, Amoco Corporation

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British Coal's Liquefaction ProjectG. M. Kimber, S. A. Moore, M. D. Gray, British Coal LiquefactionProject, UNITED KINGDOM 747

Overview of NEDO Coal Liquefaction ProgramH. Narita, New Energy and Industrial Technology DevelopmentOrganization, JAPAN 753

Two-Stage Liquefaction at Wilsonville: Recent Progress and Future DirectionsS. V. Gollakota, P. Vimalchand, Southern Electric International 759

A Baseline Design Study of Two Stage Direct Coal LiquefactionS. K. Poddar, Bechtel Corp.; A. Basu, S. J. Kramer, Amoco Oil Company 765

Coal Liquefaction Program OverviewG. V. McGurl, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center; R. D. Srivastava,Burns & Roe Service Corp 774

SESSION 20

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH

Non-Fuel Coal Applications

Cochairmen:

A. Stokes, Stokes Consulting GroupJ. T. Cobb, Jr., University of Pittsburgh

The Significance of Electric Furnace Steel in ReplacingTraditional TechnologiesR. M. Smailer, D. F. Pekor, Davy McKee Corp 783

Coal-Based Ironmaking with the FASTMET" ProcessJ. A. Lepinski, D. C. Meissner, Midrex Corp 790

Combining Coal Gasification and Hot Metal Production - The COREX" ProcessW. Schiffer, Voest-Alpine Industrie-anlagenbau GmbH, AUSTRIA; H. Heckman,Deutsch Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagnebau GmbH, GERMANY 796

Coke in Balance? Never!N. Anderson, Jr., Industrial Historian 802

The Sun Non-Byproduct Heat Recovery Coke Oven as a Component ofClean Steel ProcessesJ- Knoerzer, Sun Coal Co 808

Sources and Industrial Uses of Coal Tar Productsc - L. Irwin, A. H. Stiller, J. W. Zondlo, West Virginia University; C. F. Chang,wCUJ Carbon Co., Inc.; K. C. Krupinski, Aristech Chemical Corp.;E- R. McHenry, Koppers Industries, Inc 809

741

xxi n l

SERIES VI: COMBUSTION SYSTEMS

SESSION 21

AMERICAN COAL ASH ASSOCIATION

Coal Ash Quality Control/Quality Assurance

Cochairmen:

E. Borissoff, American Coal Ash AssociationR. A. Ophaug, Lansing Board of Water and Light

Utility Operating Conditions Relative to Coal AshL. A. Sonz, Public Service Electric & Gas

The Influence of Coal Properties, Boiler and Combustion Conditions onFly Ash Properties That Relate to its UtilizationA. Cerkanowicz, J. Liskowitz, M. Wecharatana, Advanced Technology Center,New Jersey Institute of Technology

Potential Model of the Energy Manufacturing Process to PredictProperties of Fly Ash as it Relates to UtilizationA. Cerkanowicz, J. Liskowitz, M. Wecharatana, Advanced Technology Center,New Jersey Institute of Technology

Optimization of Coal Fly Ash Properties and its Utilization in The NetherlandsH.A. van der Sloot, ECN, Netherlands Energy Research Foundation,THE NETHERLANDS

Utilization of Carbon in Fly AshP. Cheremisinoff, Department of Chemical Engineering, New Jersey Instituteof Technology

SESSION 22


Coal Waste Combustion

Chairman:

William Kolosi, Ohio Edison

Coal and Waste Fuel Cofiring in Industrial and Utility ApplicationsC. R. McGowin, E. E. Hughes, Electric Power Research Institute . . .

815

818

839

843

850

Ohio Edison Tire Burning ProjectJ . E . G i l l e n , Ohio E d i s o n Co. . . .

8 5 3 I

859

Testing of Tire-Derived Fuel at Baldwin Unit 1 and 2; 560 MW CycloneBoiler by Illinois Power Co.D. J. Stopek, A. K. Millis, P. L. Licklider, Illinois Power Co 865

Burning Wood in Pulverized Coal BoilersB. McCall, Jr., Santee Cooper 871

City of Lakeland - Mclntosh 3 - Nine Years Experience Co-firing RDF and CoalS. A. Bryk, Babcock & Wilcox 872

SESSION F

Combustion Systems

Cochairmen:


A Small-Scale Combustor Emission Control SystemR. W. Breault, J. C. Balsavich, Jr., Tecogen, Inc 875

An Advanced CWS-Fired Commercial-Scale Combustor SystemR. W. Breault, A. F. Litka, Tecogen, Inc 881

Development of the Wide Range Burner to Reduce the Minimum Load ofPulverized Coal Fired BoilersK. Koyata, Y. Oki, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Institute;T. Kiga, T. Abe, Ishikawajima-Harima Hvy Ind. Co., Ltd., JAPAN 887

Pulverized Coal Combustion in O2/CO2 AtmosphereK. Koyata, T. Tanaka, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Institute;T. Kiga, K. Suzuki, Ishikawajima-Harima Hvy Ind. Co., Ltd., JAPAN 893

PRENFLO - The Ideal Process for Use in Combined Cycle PlantsW. Schellberg, GKT (Krupp Koppers) GERMANY 899

Co-Firing Coal and Gas in an Elliptical BurnerW. Palmer, Consultant 900

Combustion of Coal Gas in Advanced Gas Turbine CombustorsR. A. Battista, General Electric Co 902

Cold Flow Modeling of a Slagging Cyclone for Particulate Removal inDirect Coal-Fired Gas TurbinesH. S. Hura, Textron Defense Systems; P. J. Loftus, Arthur D. Little;R- C. Diehl, Textron Defense Systems 909

Demonstration of an Advanced High Efficiency Coal Combustion System in anOil-Designed Industrial BoilerM. J. Rini, P. L. Jennings, ABB Combustion Engineering 918

The Economics of Coal-Fired MagnetohydrodynamicsJ. Lohrasbi, G. Ashby, MSE, Inc.; F. Walter, Montana Power Co.

Heat Transfer Analysis of Advanced Concepts of Pulverized Coal CombustorsM. A. Rizk, Burns & Roe Service Co

Impact of Variation of Wall-Cooling Systems on Heat Transfer inPulverized Coal Boiler FurnacesM. A. Rizk, Burns & Roe Services Corp.; W. Richter, Consultant .

Radiological Aspects of Utilization of Solid Waste Materials fromExtraction and Combustion of CoalJ. Lebecka, Central Mining Inst.; B. Tenerowicz, Power Research &Testing Est.; J. Hycnar, State Coal Agency; M. Wysocka, Central MiningInstitute, POLAND

Application of Coal Gasification on Fuel Replacement In Power PlantsR. Guzman, Consultant, COLOMBIA

Characterisation of Calcareous Sorbents for Desulphurisation inFluidized CombustionJ. G. Petrie, University of Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA

Removal of NO, from Flue Gas Using Ammonia Radicals from Plasma JetsD. Q. Zhou, NOXSO Corp.; S. C. Yao, Department of Mechanical Engineering,Carnegie Mellon University

Combustion Performance of Blends of Low-Grade Anthracite andBituminous Coal in a Bench-Scale Stoker SimulatorS. Pisupati, B. G. Miller, J. P. Myers, A. W. Scaroni, The Combustion Laboratory,Penn State University

A Special Multistage Slagging Combustor for Direct Coal-FiredGas Turbine and Production of Fused Ca Mg P FertilizerZ.-H. Wang, Nanjing Gas Turbine Research Institute, PRC

SESSION 23

ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Coal Quality Effects on Combustion

Cochairmen:

A. Mehta, Electric Power Research InstituteS. Harding, Reaction Engineering International

Developing A Coal Quality Expert: The Prediction of Ash Deposit Effects onBoiler PerformanceD. E. Thornock, R. W. Borio, J. F. Durant, ABB Combustion Engineering

920

921

932

943

944

945

952

958

964

973

Utility Experience Blending Oklahoma and Wyoming CoalsD. Lehman, Public Service Co. of Oklahoma 974

The Impact of Ash Quantity and Quality on Boiler Performance and Power CostN. J. Deluliis, C. E. Fink, M. F. Abbott, Consolidation Coal Company 975

Cleaning of Croweburg Seam Coal to Improve Boiler PerformanceR. L. Dospoy, CQInc 981

The Combustion Evaluation of Washed and Unwashed Products from anEastern Canadian Bituminous Coal for PC and FBC Boiler ApplicationsH. Whaley, E. J. Anthony, J. K. Wong, D. L. Desai, Canada Centre forMineral and Energy Technology, CANADA 992

SESSION 24

PENNSYLVANIA ELECTRIC RESEARCH COUNCIL

Applied Combustion Research

Cochairmen:

R. P. Johnson, Pennsylvania Power & Light CompanyJ. Koepfinger, Duquesne Light Company

Coal Ash Analysis by Optical TechniquesS. Munukutla, S. Mahajan, Center for Electric Power, Tennessee TechnologicalUniversity 997

Life Extension of Power Plant Boiler Tubes by Protective CoatingsA. R. Marder, S. T. Bluni, B. J. Smith, Energy Research Center,Lehigh University 1003

Installation, Operation, and Testing of a Variable Pressure OperationRetrofit on a Boiler of Duquesne Light's Cheswick StationJ. Bartz, Electric Power Research Institute; L. N. Rubow, Gilbert/Commonwealth;E. Klatt, Duquesne Light; E. Kimel, J. Logomarsino, Burns & RoeEnterprises, Inc 1009

Vitrifying Combustion Process for Enhancement of Flyash ProductsJ. G. Hnat, W. F. Talley, L. M. Bartone, Vortec Corp 1015

Integrated SO, Control Using the Fluidized Bed Dry Coal PurifierE. K. Levy, E. Basesme, M. D'Agostini, B. Kozanoglu, D. Latkovic,Energy Research Center, Lehigh University 1021

Improved Slag and Sulfur Capture in a Gas Turbine Coal CombustorP. J. Loftus, Arthur D. Link; R. C. Diehl, H. M. Eppich, TextronDefense Systems; R. L. Bannister, P. W. Pillsbury, Westinghouse Electric 1027

X X V 1 1

SESSION 25


Fluidized Bed Combustion

Cochairmen:

D. Bonk, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology CenterF. L. Farina, Pennsylvania Electric Company

Coal Refuse Testing Program for the Design and Development of anAtmospheric Circulating Fluidized Bed Combuster and MaterialsHandling EquipmentC. R. Gagliardi, K. L. Sommerhalter, W. R. Welliver,Air Products & Chemicals, Inc 1035

Second-Generation PFBC Pilot Plant Start-UpA. Robertson, F. Burkhard, M. Torpey, J. Van Hook, F. Zoldak,Foster Wheeler Development Corp 1036

Initial Operating Experience of the Tidd PFBC Demonstration PlantJ. E. Hollback, D. A. Bauer, American Electric Power Service Corp 1046

Effect of Operating Parameters on N2O Emissions in a 1 MW-CFBCM. Mann, M. Collings, Energy & Environmental Research Center, Universityof North Dakota; P. Botros, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center . . . 1047

SESSION G

On-Line Coal Monitoring Instrumentation for Quality Control

Cochairmen:


On-Stream Coal Ash Analysers Based on Natural Gamma-Ray ActivityP. J. Mathew, CSIRO, AUSTRALIA 1059

On-line Quantitative Analysis of Coal by Transient Infrared EmissionSpectroscopyS. Luo, J. McClelland, R. W. Jones, Ames Lab, Iowa State University 1065

What's New in On-Line Coal Analysis?R. C. Woodward, R. A. Khan, R. Reeves, Gamma-Metrics 1072

An FT-IR Based Monitoring Device for NO,, SO, and ParticulatesM. A. Serio, R. M. Carangelo, P. R. Solomon, J. R. Markham,Advanced Fuel Research 1073

An On-Line Monitor for Unburned Carbon in Flue GasJ. Dykstra, R. C. Brown, Department of Mechanical Engineering,Iowa State University

SESSION H

Special Topics

Cochairmen:


Novel Catalysts for the Synthesis of Higher Alcohols from SyngasF.-Y. Wang, Academia Sinica; S.-H. Wu, W.-P. Huang, Nankai University, D.-S. Lu,Academia Sinica, PRC

Study of Novel Heterogeneous Rhodium Catalyst for the Synthesis ofAcetic Acid from MethanolG. Yuan, M. Huang, Y. Wei, Academia Sinica, PRC

Upgrading of a Highvale Coal-Derived LiquidB. Nizinska-Bazaniak, Warsaw Univ. of Tech., POLAND; I. G. Dalla Lana, Universityof Alberta, CANADA

Emission of Low Molecular Weight Olefins and Hydrocarbons During LowTemperature Oxidation of Bituminous CoalsS. L. Grossman, National Coal Supply Corp.; S. Davidi, Ben Gurion University,H. Cohen, NRCN Chem. Dept., ISRAEL

Production of Molecular Hydrogen: A Process Correlated to the AtmosphericOxidation of Stored Bituminous CoalsS. L. Grossman, National Coal Supply Corp.; S. Davidi, Ben Gurion University;H. Cohen, NRCN Chem. Dept., ISRAEL

Catalytic Pressurized Steam Gasification of High-Ash Coals byIndustrial WastesK-C. Xie, S.-J. Zhang, Y.-F. Zhang, D.-Q. Ling, Taiyuan Universityof Technology, PRC

The Micropore Properties of the Maceral Groups and Their CharsY . - F . Z h a n g , K . - C . X i e , D . - Q . L i n g , Taiyuan University of Technology, PRC . . . .

Improvement of Permeability of Coal for Underground Coal Conversionby Application of SolventsH. J. Schloemer, M. Speicher, University of Saarland, GERMANY

Exploitation and Characterization of Coal Cores Unrelieved byOverburden PressureH. J. Schloemer, C. Wettmann, University of Saarland, GERMANY

1079

1087

1088

1094

1100

1105

1109

1110

1111

1117

XXIX

Improved Seed Germination and Plant Growth on Gold Mine Slimes Dam Production of Blast Furnace Coke by Travelling GrateMaterial Effected by Treatment with a Coal-Derived Soil Improver ; M c ultrasystems Engineers and Constructors 1186H. A. Ranwell, L. J. van der Nest, Potschefstroom University forChristian Higher Education; J. Dekker, I. J. Cronje, H. Swart,H. B. Louwrens, CSIR, SOUTH AFRICA 1123

Parametric Testing of the Electrocatalytically Induced Liberation Process AUTHORS' INDEXA. D. Paul, £ 0 5 Technologies, Inc.; C. I. Basilio, J. W. Choung. R.-H. Yoon,Virginia Center for Coal & Minerals Processing 1129

Determination of Distortional Stress-Strain Equations for Crushed CoalS. Levorson, R. Lohnes, Department of Civil & Construction Engineering andAmes Laboratory, Iowa State University 1135

Calcium Oxide Catalysis of Char OxidationC. H. Bartholomew, R. Gopalakrishnan, M. Fullwood, BYU Catalysis Laboratory,Advanced Combustion Engineering R e s e a r c h Center, B r i g h a m Young University . . . 1 1 4 0

Heterogeneous Catalysis of or-Octene Hydroformylation - Part II CatalyticBehaviors of RU. RU-CO on Zeolite CatalystsC.-Y. Wang, W. Huang, Taiyuan University of Technology, PRC 1146

Effect of Preparation Parameters on the Catalytic Properties of MO-NI-ZeoliteCarbon Dioxide Hydrogenation CatalystsC. Wang, X. Yin, A. Li, Taiyuan University of Technology, PRC 1147

Synthesis of Alcohols by Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon DioxideC. Wang, Y. Ji, Taiyuan University of Technology, PRC 1153

The Catalytic Synthesis of Dimethyl OxalateB. Zhang, C. Huang, T. Guo, J. Wang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PRC 1159

Experiments with Use of Flying Ashes as Antiexplosion Protection inUnderground Coal MinesK. Lebecki, P. Krzystolik, Experimental Mine "Barbara"; J. Hycnar,State Coal Agency, POLAND 1164

The Possibility of Use of Cenospheres as Protection Mean AgainstHazards in MinesK. Lebecki, P. Krzystolik, J. Sliz, Experimental Mine "Barbara"; J. Hycnar,State Coal Agency; POLAND 1168

Clean Technology of Purification of Radium-Bearing Mine Waters byMeans of Waste Products from Fertilizer IndustryJ. Lebecka, Central Mining Institute; B. Lukasik, State Coal Agency;S. Chalupnik, Central Mining Institute, POLAND 1174

Characterization of Oxidized Coal Surfaces Using Mass SpectrometryY. Kim, A. G. Sharkey, D. M. Hercules, Department of Chemistry,University of Pittsburgh 1175

Determination of Sulfur Forms on Coal Surfaces by ESCAL. Hittle, A. G. Sharkey, M. Houalla, D. Hercules, Department of Chemistry,B. I. Morsi, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh 1181

Documents

PROCEEDINGS - Willkommen — Verbundzentrale des … · PROCEEDINGS "Coal - Energy and the Environment" Eighth Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference October 14-18, 1991