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Use of Human Models andAugmented Reality forControl Room Design
Prof. Dr. Hein Daanen
2005TNO Defence, Security and Safety2
Outline
• Control Room (re)design process
• Anthropometric tools for design• Mock-Up construction• Augmented reality• Virtual Environments• Human models
• Comparison of the tools
• Example of control room design
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Control room examples
Boom operator
Traffic control
Ship bridges
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Organisation
Team work
Design
Structure:Task organisationTask attributionTask demandsWork flowTechnical meansCompentences
Processes:Information transferCommunicationWork load distributionCommand structuresFlexibilityTeam processes
Work Environment:Uniformity of work placesEfficient use of spaceAnthropometry
OSI-method ®
Task Performance Concept - TUC ®
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Work place design tools
• Mock Ups
• Augmented reality
• Virtual Environments
• CAD designs with human models
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Fit evaluation in mock-ups
Stepwise approach:
• Determine user population with its dimensions (WEAR)• Determine the essential body dimension for the design• Extrapolate the body dimensions to the end of the product life cycle• Perform multiple regression analysis and recruit subjects• Bring subjects in the environment to be tested• Evaluate performance & comfort systematically during tasks• Change design when necessary
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Augmented reality
Subjects perform tasks in a mockup,but wear goggles in which visualsare superimposed on mockup
• Tool used mainly to evaluate displays of consoles• Flexible redesign of displays possible• Difficult to make good matching between mockup and displays• Prone to simulation sickness
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Virtual Environments
Stepwise approach:
• Get a CAD model of the design• Determine user population with its dimensions (WEAR)• Pick subjects (design extremes) from the 3D database (WEAR)• Rescale the subjects dimensions when necessary• Perform tasks in VE and evaluate systematically performance &
comfort• Redesign the environment when necessary
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Virtual Environments
Opportunities in VE:
• Using movement trackers, you can evaluate the design with a highdegree of immersion
• You can change your body dimensions with respect to the design soyou can feel what it is to be small or tall
• You can see yourself in VE and walk around your copy• You can take a body part of a subject in VE and move it around to
evaluate the work space limitations• You can change the design (e.g. change the color of the carpet) and
evaluate immediately
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Man models
Stepwise approach:
• Get a CAD model of the design• Determine user population with its dimensions (WEAR)• Determine the essential body dimensions for the design• Extrapolate the body dimensions to the end of the product life cycle• Perform multiple regression analysis• Determine the body dimensions for the man models to be tested• Feed the necessary body dimensions in the man models• Evaluate the design using the human models for the tasks• Change design when necessary
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Summary of benefits and disadvantages ofanthropometric workplace design tools
MU AR VE Models
Costs +/- - - +/-Comfort assessment + + +/- -Quick redesign - +/- + +Accuracy anthrop. + + +/- -
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Example of work place design
Joint Operations Room LPD-2
• “Situation & team awareness”
• Optimal information presentation• Individual• As a team
• Communication & coordination• Vision lines• Supervision• Optimal communication
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Layeredinformationpresentation
Support for optimal team performance
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Check with man models
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Check with mock up
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Task performance in mock up
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Hein Daanen and Harry LammeretzTNO Defence, Security and SafetyBU Human FactorsPO Box 233769 ZG Soesterberg The Netherlands
Tel. +31 346 356 402Fax. +31 346 353 977E-mail [email protected]
Acknowledgements to Patrick Punte and Jouke Rypkema
Further information
