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How can hydrogen contribute to a zero waste society?
11th WIEF Masterclass on zero waste
Kuala Lumpur, November 3, 2015
Pieternel Claassen et al.
Food & Biobased Research
FBR’s 2 business units:
-Fresh Food Chains
-Biobased Products R&D for chemistry,
materials
energy
Mobilisation (Bio)Conversion
Applications
Zero waste, cradle to cradle, circular
economy
CO2 + H2O
CnHmOp + O2
Heat
Products
Why hydrogen?
Most widely-used chemical e.g. for fertiliser, food, oil refinery and electronics
: Fuel for fuel cells: H2 and O2 to electricity, heat and water
Fuel cell properties
Benefits of fuel cells:
● Superior efficiency (70%) as compared to combustion (35%)
● Low maintenance, no noise, robust
● Zero emission: no emission of NOx, SOx, CO or CO2 particulates, organic volatiles
● Reliable and can be used as stand alone
● Scalable to fit any power need
Challenges:
● Cost
● Durability
Examples of FC applications
Toyota PEM fuel cell vehicle
Sources: The Fuel Cell Industry Review 2013 and Fuel Cells 200www.fuelcelltoday.com,www.fuelcells.org,www.intelligent-energy.com
FC-CHP units in JA and GE outselling micro CHP’s
Hyster hydrogen forklift truck
Adobe’s gas to power FC’s to
supply 9.5 GWh per year
Upp rechargeable fuel cell charger
Fuel cell applications and supply
Portable Stationary Transport
Power range
5 W - 20 kW kW to MW 1kW - 100 kW
Examples Torches, cameras, battery chargers, mp3 players,communication/navigation, auxiliarypower units
Combined Heat and Power units (micro/large),uninterruptible power supplies (telecom, off-grid back up)
Cars, trucks and buses,materials handling trucks
Supply Trailer/pressure vessels
Pipeline for H2 or on-site production (SMR or electrolysis)
Pipeline, on-site, cryogenic tank trailer
Sources: The Fuel Cell Industry Review 2013www.fuelcelltoday.com and Mulder et al. IHJE 32, 2007
Filling stations world wide
Domestic FC CHP units in ENE-Farm
Number of FC CHP units sold in Japan
and subsidy per unit. Currently > 100 000
2 million Yen = MYR 64439
Source: www.fuelcelltoday.com Feb 2013
CHP: Combined Heat and Power or
electric and thermal energy in a single process
Distribution of fuel cell power
Source: The Fuel Cell Industry Review 2013www.fuelcelltoday.com
Largest application is in stationary fuel cell systems!
Fuel cell distribution world-wide
Asia is dominant in adopting FC technology
Source: The Fuel Cell Industry Review 2013www.fuelcelltoday.com
Overview on H2&FC Government Strategy
and Funding ([email protected])
o In Europe, Denmark, Germany, Norway, and the EU have 200 M€ cumulative spending for technology validation, pilot infrastructures for transport and stationary applications.
o The US programs are motivated by security of supply and Californian zero emission goals. Lately public spending to about 250 M$. Total budget is higher than in Europe.
o Canada has significant research and demonstration activities (e.g. H2 highway, H2 village) with annual budgets of tens of M$.
o In China electric vehicle fleets including FC vehicles are subsidized. The goals for 22 metropolitan regions are 60 000 electric vehicles by 2012 and subsidies of 11 B$.
o India has an H2&FC introduction program of 3.7 B€ through 2020.
o Japan and Korea have programs for market introduction of stationary FCs through 2012/15 and commercial FCVs by 2015. Japanese budgets are similar to US and EU.
Circular economy: Anaerobic digestion
Organic matter
Organic acidsH2 and CO2
CH4 and CO2
Acetogenesis
Methanogenesis
Circular economy: H2 and CH4 production
Organic matter
Organic acidsH2 and CO2
CH4 and CO2
Gas upgrading
H2
Acetogenesis
Methanogenesis
Examples of world wide biohydrogen pilots
Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, The Netherlands; straw, potato steam peels, vegetable residues, verge grass; integrated systems
Feng Chia University, Taiwan; wastewater beverage industry
UKM Bangi, Malaysia; oil palm residues
Nagarjuna Fertilizers & Chemicals, Hyderabad, India; Sorghum bagasse
Glamorgan University, UK; co-product flour milling
Petrobras Campinas, Brasil: brewery waste
HyTIME, an FCH JU project
In HyTIME:
• 9 partners
• 6 countries
• 2 universities, 1research organisations, 6 industries
• Start at Jan 1, 2012
• End at June 310, 2015
• Total budget MMYR 11.7
• FCH-JU grant MMYR 5.3
www.hy-time.eu
Increase of productivity by cell retention
SEM of Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis on zeolite
Packed bed reactor with
C. saccharolyticus and
C. owensensis on HDPE carriers
225 L reactor: >100 g hydrogen/day
Gas upgrading for low P and T
• Pressure Swing Adsorption• Membrane contacter
Biohydrogen at Feng-Chia University in
Taichung
500 L reactor for biohydrogen production
H2 storage
Source: www.fcu.edu.tw
UKM-YSD Chair on Sustainable
Development:
Zero Waste Technology
Inspiring Futures, Nurturing Possibilities
RM15 Million Endowment by Sime Darby Foundation since February 2011
Forging Mutually Beneficial Partnerships between UKM- Sime Darby
No pollutants to the air
No pollutants to the ground
No pollutants to the water
-But yet; Increase of revenue long term productivity and sustainability of the oil palm industry
ensured
To turn palm oil mills into green
factories-targeting for carbon neutral
THRUST AREAS
1 H2 for Power and Steam Generation
2 In-line composting for organic fertilizer
3 H2 production from POME and biomass
4 Pretreatment of biomass for H2 production
5 Algae production to sink CO2
6 Water recycle and reuse
UKM-YSD Chair on Sustainable Development
Key Messages from Tun ChairmanIntegrate projects within Sime Darby with UKM-YSD
Key Messages from EVP Plantation & AgribusinessShort term: Focus on Quick Gain ProjectsLong term: DO NOT reinvent the wheel
