EC Contract No: ENV/2006/130-531

Promoting the Conservation and Sustainable Management of the Lowland

Forests of south Central Kalimantan

Supported by: European Union, Orangutan Foundation & Australian Orangutan Project

This project is a collaboration between Orangutan Foundation (UK) and Yayorin (Yayasan Orangutan

Indonesia) which is supported by the Natural Resources Conservation Bureau of Central Kalimantan for

the conservation and sustainable management of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem

Pangkalan Bun, 2012

Project Evaluation Report Main Achievements during 2007-2011 and Lessons Learned for the

Future Management of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem

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PROJECT EVALUATION REPORT

Main Achievements during 2007-2011 and Lessons Learned for the

Future Management of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem

This document has been produced with the financial assistance of

the European Union and the Orangutan Foundation (UK)

Under EC Contract Number ENV/2006/130-351

The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the

authors and can under no circumstances be regarded as

Reflecting the views of the European Union

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Table of contents

Page

TABLE OF CONTENT............................................................................................ 3

BACKGROUND AND HISTORY OF PROJECT......................................................... 9

LAMANDAU RIVER WILDLIFE RESERVE DESCRIPTION........................................ 12

MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS OF PROJECT.................................................................... 21

Activity 1........................................................................................................... 21

Activity 2........................................................................................................... 42

Activity 3........................................................................................................... 58

Activity 4........................................................................................................... 65

Activity 5........................................................................................................... 81

VIEWS OF PARTIES.............................................................................................. 84

LEARNING ‘LESSONS LEARNED’.......................................................................... 87

Learning from Activity of Protection of the Lamandau Reserve........................ 88

Learning from Activity of Capacity building activities within local government

and rural communities.......................................................................................

96

Learning from Activity of Rehabilitating degraded forest land.......................... 107

Learning from Activity of Community-based education & awareness raising... 113

Learning from Activity of Effective project management.................................. 123

RECOMMENDATION........................................................................................... 125

CONCLUSION...................................................................................................... 128

ANNEX................................................................................................................ 129

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FOREWORD by the MINISTER OF FORESTRY, REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

Peace be unto you and God’s mercy and blessings as well. Thanks to Almighty God, Creator of the whole universe with all its resources within, who has blessed us to keep on working to preserve the biodiversity of Indonesia. We welcome the publishing of this booklet that describes in detail the activities for the management and conservation of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem, which were implemented by Orangutan Foundation and Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia as partners of the Agency for Conservation of Natural Resources for Central Kalimantan, supported with funds from the European Union for the period 2007-2011. The existence of this booklet is expected to enrich the discussions and thoughts of various parties regarding the management and preservation of conservation areas in Indonesia along with the biodiversity they contain, especially for the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve. Drawing on a variety of experiences and lessons from project activities over the period from 2007-2011, activities for the management of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem in the coming years can become more focused and optimal, which in the end will not only be able to preserve its flora and fauna, but also be of real benefit to the communities. To manage conservation areas in the future, including wildlife reserves, bearing in mind that the concern of stakeholders has been increasing, there is a growing demand to develop management collaborations. Collaborative management is one of the requirements in the framework for reducing or eliminating conflicts, along with accommodating the aspirations or wishes of various parties to actively participate in and share the benefits and responsibilities of managing wildlife reserves. The success of carrying out collaborative management is largely determined

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by the commitment and agreement of all parties having an interest to realise the conservation of natural resources and their ecosystems for the welfare of the communities. We hope the collaboration and support of various parties for the management of the Reserve will continue to be carried on, in the efforts to maintain and improve the integrity of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem, and in order to support sustainable regional development and improve the living standards of people in the surrounding area. And peace be with you and God’s mercy and blessings.

Jakarta, October 2011

Minister of Forestry

Zulkifli Hasan S.E, MM

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PREFACE

First of all we would like to thank all those who have been supporting the implementation of the EU project activities with the official name of 'Promoting the Conservation and Sustainable Management of the Lowland Forests of south Central Kalimantan’ by EC Contract Number: ENV/2006/130-531. The achievements of this project are therefore not just due to the efforts of the Project Management Team and the main project implementing partners – Yayorin, OF-UK and BKSDA-Kalteng – but are the result of the combined efforts, collaboration, and support of all stakeholders: from the local communities, village structures and farmers’ groups, to the related local government agencies, and Heads of each District Government, as well as local NGO’s, plantation companies PT Sungai Rangit and PT BGA, the provincial-level BKSDA, and also to the support from the EU Delegation and the Ministry of Forestry. We would also like to thank our financial donors who have made this project possible: the European Union (who provide 80% of the funds), Orangutan Foundation-UK (16%) and the Australian Orangutan Project (4%). The EU has also funded and launched two monitoring missions (in 2008 and 2009) by an independent consultant, Mr Edgar Topper who strongly supports the development of the project. All matters relating to this project, we are very proud of achievements, as a result from the collaboration of the parties. In short we want to highlight some of the outstanding achievements:

This project has been a model for stakeholder participation in an integrated conservation and development project, and through the approval of the 10-year management plan for the Reserve, that appears to be the first of its kind prepared in a truly collaborative process with stakeholders, has resulted in a formal mechanism for continuing this collaboration in the future.

The project has helped to facilitate the reduction in illegal activities within the Reserve from the 2005 levels, with the virtual elimination of

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illegal logging, so that BKSDA will now be able to continue their efforts to protect the Reserve effectively within the level of their own budgets; whilst simultaneously providing, through practical demonstration projects involving organic composting with agro-forestry, alternative means of livelihoods for local communities that are sustainable and do not rely on slash and burn or unsustainable exploitation of the Reserve.

The project has helped to initiate the restoration of the Reserve through reforestation, activities to facilitate natural regeneration, and controlling the damage from forest fires spreading into the Reserve, to the extent that the Reserve has now become a model for how Indonesia can help conserve the largest proportion of its endangered orangutan population that is also found in former logging concessions.

The project implementation period finishes on 31 December 2011. This is not the end of the continuing involvement and support for the conservation of the Lamandau River Reserve from OF-UK. We will continue to support activities, although this will not be at the same level as the EU project, but each in accordance with our means and capabilities. On behalf of the Project Management Team and partners, I would like to thank everyone for all their support and efforts throughout the 5-year period of implementation of the project that has led to the success and achievements that we report in this booklet. May this also mark the start of the next phase of continuing integration and coordination among the main stakeholders to support the sustainable development of the surrounding area based on the conservation of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve.

Pangkalan Bun, October 2011

Director Orangutan Foundation

Ashley Leiman OBE

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PREFACE

Greeting, Thanks to the Almighty God, the Creator of universe and everything in it which is useful for His living creatures, especially those inside and around the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve. Related to the collaboration program of Orangutan Foundation and Yayorin (Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia) with Natural Resources Conservation Bureau of Central Kalimantan by the funding support from European Union for period 2007-2011 for the conservation of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and its surrounding, on behalf of Yayorin as the foundation that participates in implementation of the program, I thank for the trust given to us. This program gives valuable lessons for Yayorin and our staff in learning how to do the process of collaborative and integrated conservation. From the experiences of implementing this program, I believe that all parties involved in this program have learned from their experiences as the greatest teacher that can be applied in the future. I and the staff of Yayorin give thanks for all that have been trusted to us to be implemented and to give us responsibilities in activity of the Enhancement of Knowledge and Awareness of Communities in supporting the conservation of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem and also in activity of Empowerment of Communities in supporting the escalation of alternative economic income. We hope that this activity will become spirit that brings to each commitment made to support the sustainability of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem management which is in line with the preserved and sustainable regional development.

Pangkalan Bun, October 2011

Director of Yayorin

Eddy Santoso, S.Si., MA

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Background History of Project

Implementation of Project ‘Promoting the Conservation and Sustainable Management of the Lowland Forests of south Central Kalimantan’, collaboration between Orangutan Foundation (OF) and Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia (Yayorin), as partners of Natural Resources Conservation Bureau of Central Kalimantan (BKSDA Central Kalimantan) has been completed. According to the European Commission Contract Number: ENV/2006/130-531 that was signed on November 28, 2006, the European Union-funded Project (80% funded), Orangutan Foundation (16.1% funded) and Australian Orangutan Project (3.9% funded), has been run for five years, started from January 1, 2007 until December 31, 2011. The Project area is the Ecosystem of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve (LRWR) that covers the LRWR site and the 12 buffer villages in its surrounding that are located in Kotawaringin Barat (Kobar) regency and Sukamara regency, where includes Tempayung village, Babual Baboti, Terantang, Tanjung Putri, Mendawai, Mendawai Seberang, Kotawaringin Hilir, Natai Sedawak, Kartamulya, Pudu and Sungai Pasir. The overall objectives of this project are maintenance of functioning tropical forest ecosystems in the context of a protected area network that supports sustainable rural development. The specific objectives are: (1) Strengthen the protected area network of Central Kalimantan; (2) Improve the capacity of stakeholders to sustainably manage and mutually benefit from the protected area network; (3) Establish income-generating mechanisms that support forest conservation. In order to achieve the objectives mentioned, the Project has implemented five Activities, which are:

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Activity 1: Protection of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Reserve, which is aimed to improved protection of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve. The implemented work categories are: (1) Construct guard posts, (2) Operate and equip guard posts, (3) Conduct regular patrolling, (4) Conduct aerial surveys, (5) Facilitate local community involvement, (6) Support forest fire prevention measures, (7) Maintain boundary markers, (8) Facilitate coordination with related local government agencies, (9) Mitigate human-wildlife conflicts with surrounding communities, (10) Support networking and information exchange visits between protected area staff in Central Kalimantan, (11) Support coordination meetings between the Lamandau partnership staff and provincial agencies, and (12) Ensure

the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve is properly integrated into the district and provincial spatial and development plans as part of the protected area network. Activity 2: Capacity building activities within local government and rural communities, which is aimed to increased cooperation of rural people for forest

conservation. The implemented work categories are: (1) Facilitate meetings of local communities, (2) Facilitate multi-stakeholder meeting, and (3) Establish and

promote sustainable livelihood demonstration projects Activity 3: Rehabilitating degraded forest land, which is aimed to rehabilitation of up to 150 ha of degraded forest land. The implemented work category is initiate ecosystem restoration processes through rehabilitation of degraded forest land.

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Activity 4: Community-based education and awareness raising, which is aimed to Greater local awareness of conservation issues. The implemented work categories are: (1) Raise awareness of conservation issues, sustainable land management, and sustainable livelihoods through community-based education programmes, and (2) Raise

awareness of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve. Activity 5: Effective Project Management, which is aimed to manage the project effectively. The implemented work categories of this activity are: (1) Conduct the effective project administration, and (2) Conduct financial control and audit. Through all activities already done during five years, a document of report and lessons learned during the Project running is required, that also contains information about the progress and achievement of Project, background and history of Project, brief information about LRWR, viewpoints of stakeholders, and recommendation as well as expectations in the future.

Description of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve

Before being determined as Wildlife Reserve, the site of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve (LRWR) was previously production forest owned by three forest production concession companies, which are: PT. Rimba Karya Kalimantan (SK HPH No. 329/Kpts/Um/6/76); PT. Sehati Barito (SK HPH No. 667/Kpts/Um/10/1976 and No. 522/Kpts/Um/6/1981); and PT. Daya Sakti Timber Corp (SK HPH No. 422/Menhut-IV/93 dated 27/2/93).

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Map of Forest Production Concession Area in LRWR

After the closing of orangutan reintroduction activities in Tanjung Puting National Park, Dr. Birute (President of Orangutan Foundation International) initiated the designation of new conservation site in Pangkalan Bun as the orangutan reintroduction location, until then in 1998, the ex-forest production concession area was determined as the wildlife reserve site stipulated (Decree) in number: 162/Kpts-II/1998 dated February 26, 1998 for the area ± 76,110 hectares. After the Forest Site Stabilization Bureau Section V Banjar Baru conducted definitive border structuring in 2005, the area of LRWR became changed to ± 56,584 hectares. The reducing area was caused by: (1) Digital difference, the re-measure result as attached in the Stipulation letter of LRWR shows the area less than 76,110 hectares; (2) when marking the borders in the field, there had been oil palm plantation, especially in western site, also settlement and office buildings of Sukamara regency, that finally the area was removed from the site area. According to government administration, the area of LRWR is located in two regency regions which are regency of Kotawaringin Barat and regency of Sukamara, in Central Kalimantan province. Geographically, LRWR is located between 02°41’42” until 03°13’48” South Latitude and between 111°00’36” until 111°30’00” East Longitude.

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LRWR in the eastern side is adjacent to production forest site, Lamandau River and Arut River. In the southern side, it is adjacent to Sungai Pasir village, in the western side it is adjacent to office buildings of Sukamara regency government, Kartamulya village, and in the northern side it is adjacent to PT Sungai Rangit Sampoerna Agro and Babual Baboti village. Beside those administrative borders, there are 12 buffering villages, eight villages in Kotawaringin Barat regency area (Tempayung, Babual Baboti, Tanjung Putri, Terantang, Kumpai Batu, Kelurahan Mendawai, Kelurahan Mendawai Seberang, Kelurahan Kotawaringin Hilir) and four villages in Sukamara regency area (Sungai Pasir, Pudu Rundun, Kartamulya, Natai Sedawak). According to classification climate theory of Schmidt and Ferguson, the LRWR area has climate type A. The average highest rainfall in April is 347.9 mm3. The average of dry month (rainfall<60 mm3) is 1.09 month, while the average of wet month (rainfall>100 mm3) is 10.36 month, and the average rain intensity is 13.52 mm3/day. According to the Topography Map of Central Kalimantan Province, the topography condition in LRWR forest site is commonly flat and swampy (swamp

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forest) with area tilt level is between 0-15% and the height is around 0-10 meters from the sea. Based on Geological Map of Central Kalimantan, the geological formation in LRWR forest site consists of parent material of igneous with flatland and intrusion physiographic. The type of soil in location inside the border according to the soil map of Central Kalimantan province in scale 1:500,000 is yellow red podzolic and latosol with sandy alluvial with flatland physiographic. Part of inventoried ground is always stagnant because of sea tides. The ground tends to form acid sulphate soil with organic sediment in the upper layer as thick as 0-50 cm. The site ground is composed of sediment of parent alluvial type and coral reef. The alluvial soil is relatively more fertile compared with developing soil and this soil is still very young or is only in the beginning of growth.

LRWR is adjacent to Arut River and Lamandau River which are the main transportation channel connecting Pangkalan Bun and Sukamara or other areas. The other rivers are also flowing to LRWR site and out flowing to eastern side, southern and western side. The rivers have been utilized by the surrounding communities to do fishing. Besides big rivers, there are also several small rivers flowing in and along the site border, which are Takirau river, Hulu Rasak Babual river, Pancung river, Rasak Babuti river, Mangkung river, Rasau Lamandau river. Other rivers flowing inside the site are Buluh river, Seberang Gajah river and Teringin river. The infrastructures and facilities for management of LRWR are adequate. For the activity of protection and securing of the site, there are already eight guardposts which are Teringin post, Rasau post, Buluh post, Mangkung post, Seberang Gajah post, Perapat post, Danau Burung post, and Sungai Pasir post.

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In addition, BKSDA Central Kalimantan built one unit of resort office. For the location of orangutan release, LRWR also has six orang-utan release camps, which are Camp Siswoyo, Camp Gemini, Camp JL, Camp Rasak, Camp Buluh, dan Camp Mangkung. For the operational needs of LRWR site management, there have been three units of speedboat, eight units of boat/kelotok and also several other equipments to support the operation of resort office, guard posts and camps.

Map of Locations of Guard Posts and Orangutan Reintroduction Camps in LRWR

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LRWR can be reached from Pangkalan Bun to resort office in Teringin Lama river for about 30 minutes using speedboat. To reach this location, speedboat can be rented from the river port in Pangkalan Bun or by using speedboat taxi with route Pangkalan Bun – Sungai Pasir (Sukamara) for about one hour.

Other alternative to go to LRWR is from Pangkalan Bun heading to Kotawaringin, through Lamandau river, to guard post of Rasau river or Sungai Mangkung post, vice versa. It can take about 60 minutes driving by speedboat from Pangkalan Bun to guard post in Rasau river, and to guard post in Mangkung river can be reached for 90 minutes. The forest area in LRWR is forest ecosystem affected by the sea tides and submerged periodically, inhabited by swampy forest vegetations which are resistant to pretty high acid level. Being submerged frequently, the vegetations live in that kind of forest adapt by growing their roots of breath to get enough oxygen while high tide. Commonly, the vegetations can produce propagules (fruits/seeds/saplings) that can float even though only for certain time. Condition of forest in LRWR covers young forest, rare forest, shrubs, traces of logs and burns, with various trees such as Perapat (Cambretocarpus rotundatum

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dans), Belangeran/Bangkirai (Shorea belangeran burck), Meranti Putih (Shorea sp), Meranti Merah (Shorea sp), and Ramin (Gonystyllus sp). Other vegetations dominate in LRWR are Meranti Merah (Shorea sp), Bintan (Polyanlthia sp), Ketiau (Ganua motleyana Pierre), Pantung (Dyera sp.), Geronggang (Crataxylon sp), Ramin (Gonystyllus bancanus), Rengas (Melanorhoea sp), Terantang (Compnospermum auriculata), Bekunyit (Shorea acuminata dyer), Bintangur (Callophyllum sp), Acrosthicum aureum, Acanthus ilifolius, and Baringtonia asiatica. In LRWR there are also species of forest orchid, nepenthes, various herbal plants, and various plants as food for orangutan. The wildlife living in LRWR are orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wormbii), proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus), monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus), forest bears (Sus barbatus), gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis), sun bears (Helarctos malayanus), forest cats (Felis bengalensis), deers (Cervus unicolor), antelopes (Muntiacus muntjak) and various kinds of bird.

Before being determined as conservation site, the forest area inside and around LRWR had been utilized by the surrounding communities to tap jelutung-rubber. After stipulation on LRWR as conservation site in 1998, activity of rubber tapping was still going on inside the site. It was because the communities could not find alternative income source that finally BKSDA Section II Central Kalimantan realized that

rubber tapping activity is one of direct benefit that the communities can get from the site. During 2009-2010 there were 66 people doing rubber tapping inside and in site buffer zone. They built huts inside the site located in four river areas, which are Buluh river, Teringin river, Rasak river and Mangkung river. The rubber tappers were commonly from Kumai sub-district and Mendawai village. They used to live inside the site for about two weeks until one month, and then came out to Pangkalan bun bringing out the rubber jelutung saps for sale. Based on data from BKSDA II Central Kalimantan, the product of rubber tapping can be income source

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for the surrounding communities. For example, within two weeks in Buluh river, 21 rubber tappers can earn approximately 420-710 kg rubber saps. If estimated price of 1 kg rubber sap is Rp. 5,000, the people can earn Rp. 2,350,000-3,500,000 per two weeks or Rp. 4,350,000-7,000,000 per month. The income from rubber tapping seems not so big and is not fixed, because it depends on the season. In rainy season, they only earn so little. Other data of SKW II-BKSDA Central Kalimantan tells that the rubber saps that might be collected in the whole LRWR site within two weeks can reach 1,127-1,605 kg. If one kg costs Rp. 5,000, the people can earn Rp. 5,635,000-8,025,000 or about Rp. 11,270,000-16,050,000 per month or Rp. 135,240,000-192,600,000 per year. Although the amount earned from this activity is not big enough, this activity is the only option when there is no other alternative income source.

Besides rubber tapping, communities also work as river fishermen inside and around the site. In 2010, there were 36 river fishermen doing fishing inside the site. They commonly did not stay long time like rubber tapping. The fishermen cast their nets or fish traps in the morning and the next day they take the fishes. However, some fishermen also built huts inside the site.

Based on research done by Yayorin, along the river around LRWR site, there are about 50 species of fish. From that amount, there are 28 species which can give economic value and can be eaten. Commonly, these species of fish can be found in almost all rives. The fishermen use fishing equipments such as fishing rod, nets, etc. Yet, there is still not complete data about this river fishing activity. Based on data of BKSDA II Central Kalimantan, in Buluh river in December 2010, there were three fishermen. They could earn approximately 24-30 kg a month. The amount is enough to meet the needs of protein for their families. In the beginning of 2009, there were identified eight species of migrant birds and water birds in Danau Burung area, in western side of LRWR. The eight migrant birds species and the water birds are Gray Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), Cangak Merah (Ardea purpurea), Big egret (Egretta alba), Silver egret (Egretta Intermedia), Chinese egret (Egretta eulophotes), Small egret (Egretta garzetta), Bull egret (Bubulcus ibis) and Grouse (Dendrocyna sp).

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LRWR also has beautiful natural panorama. The rivers flowing in this site and in buffer zone in the afternoon looks very natural and beautiful. The wildlife species such as birds are singing beautifully, the proboscis monkeys and other primates are noisy fulfilling the river. Inside the site, the rivers are flowing with typical colour like ‘cokes’. It happened because of immersion of roots and leaves indicating that it is typical of peat moss land with typical taste of river water. For the villagers in Tanjung Putri village, the river water flowing inside LRWR site is the water source for drinking and daily needs when dry season or when high tides, because on those times the ground water around their settlement becomes salty.

In 2009 Danau Burung was identified as the resting place and laying eggs for the migrant birds that this place is worth to be developed as the location of limited ecotourism, such as limited ecotourism for the special purposes or for researches. Danau Burung area is included in the territory of Sukamara regency. The development of limited ecotourism in Danau Burung will be integrated with other tourism destinations in Sukamara.

The LRWR Ecosystem has been identified as the area which has ability to save carbon, whether in upper ground or underground (by vegetations and peat moss). This potential can be developed inside and in buffer zone of LRWR as one of environmental business mechanism of REDD/Carbon Offset. Therefore, preparation to propose the site for carbon trade is required, so that the existence

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of the site can be more beneficial for communities, so that the communities become more active to participate directly in safekeeping and improving the quality of the site.

Main Achievements in the Protection of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem

The protection of LRWR Ecosystem activities are: (1) Construct guard posts, (2) Operate and equip guard posts, (3) Conduct regular patrolling, (4) Conduct aerial surveys, (5) Facilitate local community involvement, (6) Support forest fire prevention measures, (7) Maintain boundary markers, (8) Facilitate coordination with related local government agencies, (9) Mitigate human-wildlife conflicts with surrounding communities, (10) Support networking and information exchange visits between protected area staff in Central Kalimantan, (11) Support coordination meetings between the Lamandau partnership staff and provincial agencies, and (12) Ensure the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve is properly integrated into the district and provincial spatial and development plans as part of the protected area network.

Construct guard posts

Project has built four guard posts which are Mangkung post, Seberang Gajah post, Danau Burung post, and Sungai Pasir post. It also have done major renovation on Teringin post, including painting, fixing water tower, dining room and toilet, and changing the ceiling and floor. Mangkung post was built in 2007, Seberang Gajah post in 2008, Danau Burung post in 2009, and Sungai Pasir post in 2011. Major renovation on Teringin post was done in 2008. Teringin post, Rasau post, Buluh post and Perapat post were built by Orangutan Foundation in 2005-2006 before the Project was started.

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The main function of post is to prevent the illegal loggers entering LRWR site. The post also has function to be the base of regular patrol. Within 24 hours, the post is guarded by the patrol staff. The staffs must not leave the guard post empty. The posts were built uniformly with wooden materials painted green. The floor is made of wood. The size of posts is about 6 x 8 meters. The posts are completed with bedrooms, kitchen, toilet and meeting room. Each guard post is equipped with radio VHF and solar panel set. The fire extinguisher equipment is provided in four villages in more fire sensitive areas which are Buluh post, Mangkung post, Danau Burung post and Perapat post.

Each post was constructed based on survey result conducted by the Project together with BKSDA Central Kalimantan. The location of post was determined based on the capacity of accessibility into LRWR site. Besides, the location is determined because it has high intensity of threat on the site with all its biodiversity.

Five guard posts were built nearby the rivers inside LRWR, which are Teringin Lama post, Mangkung post, Rasau post, Seberang Gajah post and Buluh post. The five posts were built five meters above the surface of river. While Perapat post, Danau Burung post, and Sungai Pasir post were built on the mainland inside the site. Mangkung post was built higher than other posts because the location of this post tends to become flood when rainy season. The post could be flood with level 0.5-1 meter for three months. Thus, the post staff built a platform inside the post. The post staffs do their activities on that platform. In 2007, three portal gates were built in front of three guard posts nearby three big rivers that can be access to LRWR site which are in front of Rasau post, Buluh post, and Teringin post. After the portal gates were built, the Project put the

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signboard in each post about the ban to do illegal logging inside LRWR site and its surrounding. The people who do activities in that river are commonly rubber tappers and river fishermen. The post staff will always check the visitors’ equipments and stuff they bring into the site. The fishermen put fish traps in the river banks nearby guard post. Just like rubber tappers, the river fishermen enter the site after receiving permit from BKSDA. They use to do fishing at night. Sometimes the guard post staff found them breaking the rule by bringing accumulator to discharge electricity to river water. Thus, sometimes the post staffs disallow the fishermen entering the site. One location where the fishermen cast their fish nets is in canal between Mangkung post and Rasau post. In February 19, 2010, the post staff identified that there were eleven canals allocated along the river stream between Mangkung post and Rasau post. These canals can be access into the site when the river water was high. Since July 22, 2010, BKSDA II Central Kalimantan built resort office of LRWR right beside Teringin post. The purpose is to make the management of LRWR site become more effective. This resort becomes the operational unit in the field which has function to coordinate all activities in posts. Besides, the resort office also has function to monitor the activities in orang-utan release camps, to coordinate the site patrol and to monitor all activities inside the site.

Operate and equip guard posts

In period of 2007-2011, the Project operated seven guard posts. The Project did not have a chance to operate Sungai Pasir post because the process of construction just finished in the beginning of 2012. In the eastern side of LRWR site there are Teringin post, Mangkung post, and Rasau post. In the western side there are Danau Burung post. In the southern side

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there are Seberang Gajah post and Buluh post. In the northern side there is Perapat camp as guard post too. The Patrol team consisted of 16 personnel which are Patrol Manager, 12 post staff, two personnel of section leader and one speedboat driver. Each section leader coordinate guard posts in area of Kotawaringin Barat and area of Sukamara. Two sections leaders, which are Gapuri and Dadi coordinated the routine activities in posts. The section leaders report daily activities in the field to the Patrol Manager, Jakirudin. Each post was guarded by two post staff employed by the Project and one staff of BKSDA II Central Kalimantan. Each guardpost reports its patrol activity and staff attendance to the Patrol Manager or Section Leader in Pangkalan Bun office every day at 10.00 and 15.00 Indonesian western time.

The Project staffs stay in the post for 26 days each month. They get work off for four days at a time for each month. The staff does not always stay in the same post. Every three months, the staff is rotated to different post so that he does not get bored. While the staff of BKSDA II Central Kalimantan (ranger or Manggala Agni staff) stays in the post for 10 days each month. When conducting mobile patrol the staff was equipped with GPS unit and digital camera. The staff received logistics every week and other additional equipments as needed to do the operation properly and to do maintenance of guard posts. The

distribution of logistics for the posts was usually done every Thursday. The logistics for the patrol staff were rice, cooking oil, vegetables, eggs, etc. The replacement and addition of equipments in each post were done periodically. One unit speedboat, three boats/kelotok, solar-panels and communication radios were in routine service every three months. The routine service was required to maintain the good quality of equipments, because those were used every day as the main supporting stuff for activities in the fields.

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Conduct regular patrolling

The team carrying out patrols regularly every week in the area around with a distance of five miles from the guard posts. Special patrols were also conducted to follow up reports or observations are suspicious. To guard post located in the waters, patrol carried out using a speedboat and the kelotok-boat, and for the land area patrolling by car, bike or on foot.

By mid-2007 two speedboats at high speed and roar had approached the staffs that were on patrol. The speedboats rounded the patrol staffs that were pulling the logs on the way to Rasau post. It was in the dusk that the staff could not see clearly who were on the speedboats. The speedboats might have ten people, five people each speedboat. Those people on the speedboats were yelling to ask the logs being pulled off. The unknown group also hurled coarse insults to the patrol staff. The patrol staff ignored the group of people yelling at them. Half an hour had passed, and then the group of people left the patrol staff. On that day at dusk about 17.00, the patrol team found about 500 m3 ironwood (ulin logs) as the result of illegal logging. The logs were tied neatly and floated at the border between Rasau river and Mangkung river. It was started when a fisherman reported to the patrol staff in Rasau post at noon. The patrol staff then reported to Patrol Manager who immediately coordinated with the head of BKSDA II Central Kalimantan and with the rangers. Police team of Kotawaringin Barat also joined in the action of securing the logs of 30-50 cm in diameter and about 4 meters in length. BKSDA team and Police team decided to confiscate and destroy the logs in Rasau post. The patrol team including Project staff, BKSDA staff and police team moved the logs to Rasau post to be cut in pieces by pulling the logs with the speedboat. The

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logs were tied neatly so it was easier to be pulled. The process of moving the logs were done until at 02.00 o’clock.

The discovery of illegal logs told above was one of the biggest illegal logging cases from the 12 cases identified in the year 2007. Along the year 2007 until the mid of 2011, Patrol Team found 20 cases of illegal logging. Five cases were found in year 2008 and three cases

were found in 2009. The team did not find any cases in 2010 and 2011. One case in year 2009 which was occurred in Sukamara area was processed until to the court and the perpetrator was put in jail. The Patrol Team conducted control and safekeeping of LRWR Ecosystem in routine. As one of administratively determined as orangutan release site and as orangutan habitat, the LRWR Ecosystem are very important to be protected. The routine patrol was conducted at least once in a week in each post. The patrol team conducted

patrol every day in different post. The distance of patrol could reach about five kilometres from post location. For the post nearby the coastal areas, the patrol was conducted using speedboat and kelotok boat. In the mainland areas the patrol was conducted by car, motorbike or by foot.

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Conduct aerial surveys

Aerial Survey was conducted to monitor the wholeness of LRWR; to identify the illegal activities; to find out the quality of habitat, forest regeneration level, and forest threat such as forest fires. The air survey was first conducted by Project and BKSDA II Central Kalimantan in collaboration with Regional Police of Central Kalimantan for two days in the end of July 2007. The collaboration with the Regional Police in this air survey activity was a result of meeting between Liaison Officer, Astri Siregar with Head of Police Central Kalimantan, Kombes Pol Dinar SH, MBA on June 11, 2007 in Regional Police office of Central Kalimantan in Palangkaraya. That first air survey resulted in finding two hot spots, one location of illegal logging, and trace line of illegal logging activity in the northern and western of LRWR site. The patrol team followed up the result of this air survey by conducting land patrol.

The second air survey was conducted in August 2009 by appointing one contractor which was PT. Forest Carbon Consultant Indonesia. From the analysis of land cover and land utilization it was noticed that various areas inside LRWR site were still in good condition and were

appropriate for conservation efforts in perspective of climate change for conservation of rare habitat (kerangas and peat moss) and of species which are commonly living in that habitat. In addition, it was also noticed that more than half of LRWR site area are peat swamp and have adequate carbon supply especially underground.

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Facilitate local community involvement

In the effort of facilitating the involvement of local communities in conservation of LRWR Ecosystem, the Project has facilitated six villages around the site to become the members of Fire Care Community Group of BKSDA Central Kalimantan. The six villages are Tempayung village, Babual Baboti village,

Kartamulya village, Pudu village, Natai Sedawak village, and Sungai Pasir village. In order to inform the villagers around the site about the border between their villages and the LRWR site, Patrol Team always involved them in the surveys on border issues, for example the border survey together

with villagers of Kartamulya village on April 9-12, 2011, and the activity of putting border markers conducted on April 18-22, 2011. Since May 2006, BKSDA II Central Kalimantan issued policy on giving limited business license for communities around the site to do rubber tapping and river fishing. The Project supported this policy and facilitated the rubber tappers and river fishermen to work inside the site who will also assist in protecting the site including the work prevention from forest fires. So far, the rubber tappers and fishermen were helping BKSDA II Central Kalimantan in the protection of LRWR site, such as helping in fire fighting and reporting when there was suspected illegal forestry activity.

Support forest fire prevention measures

Central Kalimantan areas were frequently attacked by fires in dry season. Several ways had been conduted by the Project to fight the fires such as a program of local community awareness in preventing the fires. The Project staff intensified the patrol activities in dry season to check the hot spots.

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The Patrol team frequently tracked footpathes to find hot spots. The staff used GPS available in each guard post. When hot spot was found, the team covered it with soil.

The result of patrol was distributed as early detection data. Project also imposed procedure of early report to get assistance from radio available in each guard post. One thing that is not less important is raising partnership network to get emergency assistance when necessary. There were 12 hotspots which were successfully extinguished. There were four guard posts located in the fire sensitive areas which are Danau Burung post, Sungai Buluh post, Mangkung post, and Perapat post. The three events of fire occurred in Sungai Buluh area, in Perapat area and Teringin Lama area and one event of fire

in the western/Sukamara were successfully extinguished. The fires sometimes occurred because of human-made. The Project provided an appeal not to burn forest land area through banners put in front of all guard posts inside LRWR. The Project also facilitated BKSDA II Central Kalimantan to form a group of Fire Care Community (MPA) in six villages nearby LRWR site. The main purpose of this group formation is to support the Brigade of Manggala Agni BKSDA II in controlling forest and land fires, especially inside and around LRWR. Several trainings of fire prevention were conducted with the support from collaboration between BKSDA II Central Kalimantan and PT. Sungai Rangit (Sampoerna Agro) in the beginning of 2011. The training activity such as Training of Land and Forest Fire Prevention involved 34 participants from six villages around the site. Those

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34 participants were involved in turns in the activity of site protection organized by BKSDA II Central Kalimantan in accordance with available situation and condition.

In addition, in 2009 there had been two trainings which were Training of Capacity Building of Guard Post Staff in Handling Forestry Criminal and Training of Fire Fighting Technique as well as Training of GPS Usage and Monitoring Hot Spots. The Project also supported BKSDA II

Central Kalimantan in conducting social communication as well as Land and Forest Fire Muster in Kobar regency and Sukamara regency.

Maintain boundary markers

Patrol team had conducted several times the data collection and repair of LRWR border markers. The process of data collection and the field check always involved local communities and government. The involvement of communities was the way to inform the communities about LRWR border markers.

The team conducted field check on site border by involving villagers in different places. One field check event was conducted with villagers of Sungai Pasir in Sukamara on May 19-20, 2010. During the field check on border in Sungai Pasir, the Patrol Team also identified the rivers as access to enter LRWR site. The team had data of eight rivers which are Ramis river, Lunci, Haruan, Bantu, Syahrip, Kapat, Ajimaun and Pasir river. Bantu river and Pasir river are usually used as

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transportation route. Other six rivers are used to irrigate ponds and agricultural farms.

Meanwhile, the border survey involving villagers of Babual Baboti was conducted in 2009. The border survey was continued with mapping the village area according to the natural border which was determined by head of the customary and village government officials. After data collection

from field check, the team found some damaged or even lost border markers. The activity of data collection on border markers in the northern of LRWR site on May 17-18, 2010 resulted in finding some damaged and lost border markers. The lost markers were usually located in the border of village and the site.

Patrol team also conducted data collection on border markers in the western and northern adjacent to oil palm plantation on July 14-19, 2010. Most of border markers had been damaged and lost especially along the tracks between Perapat post and Babual Baboti

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village. The team found several markers which had been replaced by wood milestone, but most of wood milestones had been obsolescent.

The Project had facilitated BKSDA II Central Kalimantan in putting 30 new border markers made of zinc sheets painted with red and yellow colour, to replace the damaged or lost ones on the site border. The Project also put signboards of burn ban in the site border area. Since the beginning of 2007, Project through Reforestation Team had planted 22,801 trees along the site border, to become the living border of LRWR site, which consisted of areca nut trees, banana trees, coconut trees and apple-rose fruit trees.

Facilitate coordination with

related local government

agencies

In conducting activity the Project always coordinated with the related government institutions. During 2011, the Project had conducted series of meetings with the related government institutions in region of Kobar and Sukamara regency, especially with the Regents, Vice Regents, Regional Secretaries, Head of Law Department, Head of Regional Development Department, Forestry Department officials, and Public Works Department officials.

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Mitigate human-wildlife conflicts with surrounding communities

In the effort of reducing the conflict between human and wildlife, during five years of program implementation, the Project had supported BKSDA II Central Kalimantan to do translocation of a tail of Loris (Nycticebus sp) to Teringin area in LRWR site on January 26, 2010, translocation of 219 tails of Kacer bird (Copsychus sp) to Rasak area in LRWR site, and translocation of a crocodile (Crocodilus phorosus) on July 16, 2009 to Selapat Timbul river in LRWR site. Conflict between wildlife and human inside LRWR site might still happen because of interaction between human and the site. The potential conflict occurred between orangutan with the rubber tappers and

river fishermen working in Sungai Buluh and Sungai Rasau areas and with the encroachers who opened the plantation in Sungai Rasak area. In order to reduce the conflict, Project conducted several social meetings to enhance the awareness of communities in protecting the preservation of LRWR Ecosystem. Meetings with

rubber tappers and fishermen were conducted by Mobile Education and Library Unit (MELU) to build awareness of communities. During May-July 2010, the Patrol Team identified the existence of migrant birds in Danau Burung in LRWR. At that time, hundreds of birds of various colours inhabited Danau Burung area. There were eight species of bird identified which were night gray-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), cangak merah (Ardea purpurea), big egret (Egretta alba), silver egret (Egretta intermedia), Chinese egret (Egretta eulophotes), small egret (Egretta garzetta), bull egret (Bubulcus ibis) and

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sometimes there were also species of grouse (Dendrocyna sp.). When monitoring, it was noticed that the most species seen were egret and cangak merah. The arrival of migrant birds to Danau Burung area was the sign that the site has been safe as the place to reproduce. This event was never happened during the previous three years. Whereas, Danau Burung was believed to be the favourite place for migrant birds to lay their eggs and to hatch. The birds stopped making nests in Danau Burung since people took their eggs and babies. The forest fires had also caused the birds found other safer places. Since the existence of spawning migrant birds was known, the patrol to Danau Burung was intensified. Besides observing Danau Burung, the post staff also observed other wildlife such as proboscis monkeys in Teringin Lama river and Rasau-Mangkung river in 2007.

Support networking and information exchange visits between

protected area staff in Central Kalimantan

During five years of Project implementation, the Project had been 13 times facilitating the visits of Head/Staff of BKSDA II Central Kalimantan to the other protected sites, and to participate in the Seminar/Trainings in the effort of building collaboration network and information exchange. The visits, seminars and

trainings were to Tanjung Putting National Park (May 2007); Conservation Education Training (June 2007); Training of Case Tracking Database in Jambi (July 2007); Training of Strategic Fire Fighting using Fire Hotspot Data (December 2007); Seminar of Orangutan Habitat Conservation in Sebangau National Park (June 2008); and visit to reforestation location of CIMPTROP in Sebangau National Park (November 2008).

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Patrol Team also facilitated visit of BKSDA Central Kalimantan staff together with film crew in producing the film about LRWR on August 11-12, 2011. The locations of shooting were in Danau Burung, Rasak camp, and Gemini camp.

Support coordination meetings between the Lamandau partnership

staff and provincial agencies

There were at least 28 coordination meetings with the Head of BKSDA Central Kalimantan conducted. The routine meeting was conducted in every early year to report the previous activities and to present the draft of Annual Work Plan to get input and approval. The Project Management Team always presented

drafts of Annual Work Plan to BKSDA Central Kalimantan to get approval before implementation. In 2007, 2008, and 2009, there had been at least four meetings for each year, in 2010 there were at least five meetings, and in 2011 there were 11 meetings. In 2009, four meetings were aimed to present and to get approval on work plan, to consult about the agreement plan on buffer zone with oil palm plantation company, multistakeholders meeting, and field visit to LRWR. In 2011, the coordination meeting with the Head of BKSDA Central Kalimantan

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was very intensive especially regarding the arrangement process of the Long-Term Management Plan of LRWR. there were at least nine meetings for the purposes of signing the Annual Work Plan year 2011, the process needs of stipulation with the arrangement team of management plan, public consultation in regency and province levels, meetings and presentation with PHKA

department, guard posts hand over, and two multi stakeholders meetings. Besides coordination meeting with BKSDA Central Kalimantan, the meeting with other institutions in province level was also held. In the beginning of implementation, on March 16, 2007, the Project also conducted audience with the Governor of Central Kalimantan, Agustin Teras Narang.

Ensure the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve is properly integrated

into the district and provincial spatial and development plans as

part of the protected area network

Since 2007, Project had given input continuously to the related institutions in order to ensure LRWR accurately integrated into Spatial Plan. Liaison Officer together with the Head of BKSDA Section II Central Kalimantan frequently attended several meetings and gave additional information to the consultants arranging the Spatial Plan. The Project

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attempted to follow the process of revision of Province Spatial Plan (RTRWP) and Regency Spatial Plan (RTRWK) and to provide relevant information to the related government institutions; and to integrate LRWR site and its ecologic function into the spatial plan and development plan. In December 2008, Project submitted written proposal to the Evaluation Team of Spatial Plan Revision of Central Kalimantan Province to add the area of LRWR in the eastern side. The argument in the proposal is because the area of LRWR is decreased after definitive border structuring that replacement of the removed area is required as the site area is still dominated with peat swamp and forested. After submitting the proposal, Project held meeting with Forestry Minister, MS Kaban, on April 28, 2009. In that meeting, Project as represented by Astri Rozanah Siregar together with Director Yayorin, Togu Simorangkir expressed the hope that if the area of LRWR is changed as determined in new Spatial Plan of Central Kalimantan, the Forestry Ministry will issue new Decree about area of LRWR including the status change from Forest Production Concession land to become LRWR site.

The Project hopes that the addition of LRWR area can be realized and ratified in the script of Spatial Plan of Central Kalimantan. When writing this report, the Spatial Plan of Central Kalimantan, Spatial Plan of Kotawaringin Barat regency and

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Sukamara was not accomplished and was still in ratification process. Whereas, this is an important issue for the Project as the base of perception on LRWR site border. The addition of LRWR area can be seen in Decree of forestry minister number: SK.292/Menhut-II/2011 about the Status Change of Forest Area to become Non-Forest Area, etc. In ensuring LRWR becomes integrated into Spatial Plan of Regency and Province and integrated into Development Plan as part of Protected Area Network, Project always worked with related government institutions. One result of collaboration with the related government institutions is in the year 2007, one proposal of oil palm plantation building in SMS buffer zone was terminated by government of Kotawaringin Barat regency. Other Project achievement is the accomplished Declaration of Support for the LRWR Ecosystem Conversation on November 8, 2010. This Declaration was signed by Kobar regency government, Sukamara regency government and community representatives. After signing the Declaration, Kobar regency government and Sukamara regency government agreed to collaborate in arranging the document of the long-term management plan of LRWR for period 2011-2020.

Project facilitated the arrangement and ratification of the Long-Term Management Plan of LRWR document. The Management Plan was arranged collaboratively by the Work Team formed in accordance with Agreement Letter of Kobar Regent, Sukamara Regent, Head of BKSDA Central Kalimantan, Director of OF and Director of

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Yayorin. The process of arrangement covered three meetings and public consultation of regency level and province level. In December 22, 2011, the Management Plan was officially signed by General Director of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation in Forestry Ministry through Decree No: 259/IV-Set/2011 about the Long-Term Management Plan of LRWR for period 2011-2020 in Kotawaringin Barat regency and Sukamara regency in Central Kalimantan province. The Management Plan will be guidance for BKSDA Central Kalimantan in managing LRWR and in building coordination and collaboration with other stakeholders for the next 10 years.

Other achievement of Project in building the site network is collaboration with two oil palm plantation companies, which are PT. Sungai Rangit and PT. Bumitama Gunajaya Abadi, that have plantation location adjacent to LRWR. Project was successful in facilitating the signing of Memorandum of

Understanding about the LRWR Ecosystem Conservation and Memorandum of Agreement about LRWR buffer zone. The two oil palm companies agreed that the location of buffer zone is 500 meters from the outmost of site. Both companies committed not to do oil palm plantation on buffer zone even though the land status has become their production concession. In addition, the case of construction of scout fence around Danau Burung post inside SMS site was also resolved. The Education, Youth and Sport Department of Sukamara regency, in a meeting on April 2009, agreed to release 18 hectare area of scout fence inside the site. The cost of scout fence movement would be paid by the annual budget year 2009 of Education, Youth and Sport Department of Sukamara.

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Main Achievement of Capacity building activities within local government and rural communities

One of important efforts in conservation of SMSL Ecosystem is the successful collaboration and support from villagers living around SMSL site. The achieved collaboration and support was worked through community meetings organized by Community Organizer and through multi-stakeholders meetings organized by Liaison Officer. Besides facilitating those meetings, the Project also developed Demonstration Plots in the way to support communities to get sustainable alternative income sources without disrupting SMSL Ecosystem.

Facilitate meetings of local communities

During five years of implementation, the project has conducted 247 meetings, in the ten villages around LRWR, consisting of 26 meetings, in 2007, 34 meetings, in 2008, 59 meetings, in 2009, 60 meetings, in the year 2010, and 68 meetings, in the year 2011. The meeting includes farmers' groups meeting and 11 in socialization that is the socialization of the Enforcement of Environmental Law in the Terantang Village (December 11, 2007); Socialization of Compliance & Enforcement in the Sungai Pasir Village (May 14, 2009); Socialization of Participatory Boundary in the Sungai Pasir Village (May 3, 2010); five times Socialization on the Rules on the Protection of Animals Rare and Endangered Species in the Babual Baboti Village (June 19, 2011), Terantang Village (July 15, 2011), Tanjung Putri Village (July 18, 2011), in Mendawai Seberang Village (July 21, 2011), and in the Natai Sedawak Village (July 29, 2011);

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as well three times Socialization on the Rules of Forest Fire and Land in Mendawai Seberang (21 September 2011) , in the Tanjung Putri Village (24 September 2011), and in the Bappeda Sukamara Hall which includes four villages, the Pudu Village, Kartamulya, Natai Sedawak, and the Sungai Pasir (October 1, 2011).

On Sunday June 19, 2011 Babual Baboti village hall in Kotawaringin Barat was unusually crowded. There were 123 villagers attended the social meeting about the Regulation of Protection of Endangered and Rare Wildlife. Tens of villagers had to stand up in following the meeting as the chairs were not adequate. Although they were standing, they did not leave the hall until the meeting was ended. Besides villagers of Babual Baboti, there were also 25 villagers of Tempayung attended including head of Tempayung village, Eson. Village Tempayung is the neighbour of Babual Baboti village. Project was worried in the beginning if the villagers were not interested to come to the meeting, moreover because the meeting was about the ban of disrupting wildlife. However, almost all villagers came to the meeting including women, adolescent, and children. Together with BKSDA Kalteng, Project facilitated the meeting to inform the Regulation about protection of endangered wildlife. The target of this meeting was to influence the villagers, government and non-government organizations to protect together the wildlife from extinction. The meeting in Babual Baboti village was one of meetings organized by Project. During five years of Project implementation, there were 247 meetings held in ten

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villages around the site, consisting of 26 meetings in 2007; 34 meetings in 2008; 59 meetings in 2009; 60 meetings in 2010; and 68 meetings in 2011.

The community meetings were organized by Community Organizer, Akhmad Fauzi and M. Rozi who worked in different Project targeted villages in Kobar and Sukamara regency. During his work, Rozi stayed in Project office in Sukamara regency. The office in Sukamara was used for routine meetings with stakeholders in Sukamara. The office was also used for meetings of conservation cadres in a group of Green Organization. In office, there was small library which could be useful for the children around. The books in the library were derived from contributions from the

stakeholders, and some were purchased by Project. 628 books have been delivered to Department of Education, Youth and Sport in Sukamara regency to complete the collection in their two units of Mobil Pintar (Smart Car). The procurement of two units of Smart Car was the result of multi stakeholders meeting held in 2008. Ahmad Fauzi together with Agricultural Facilitator, Edi Sumanto, worked in targeted villages in Kotawaringin Barat regency and lived in Tempayung village. From 2007 until the end of Project, Tempayung village lent village clinic building where they stayed.

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Facilitate multi-stakeholder meetings

As the follow-up of community meetings with villagers, Project also held multi-stakeholders meeting organized by Liaison Officer, Astri Rozanah Siregar together with other Project Management Team staff. Multi-stakeholders meetings were scheduled twice each year located in Kotawaringin Barat and Sukamara regency areas. Project already held 10 meetings for the main agenda are information and Project Activities Report (scope of Kobar on June 30, 2007 and scope of Sukamara on August 20, 2007); Synchronization of the Roles of Stakeholders in Management of SMSL Ecosystem (scope of Sukamara on November 15, 2008); Arrangement and Signing of Memorandum of Understanding about the SMSL Ecosystem Conservation and Memorandum of Agreement about SMSL Buffer Zone (Scope of Kobar and Sukamara on July 13, 2009); Information and

Synchronization of the Roles of Stakeholders in Processing Organic Waste to Become Compost (Scope of Sukamara on November 25, 2009); Toward Collaborative Management of SMSL Ecosystem (Scope of Kobar and Sukamara, on November 8-9, 2010); Study on Limited Ecotourism in Wildlife Reserve Site (Scope of Sukamara on December 2, 2010); Report of Activities and Handover of Compost Process Demonstration Plot to Sukamara regency government (Scope of Sukamara on November 23, 2011), Expose of the Long-Term Management Plan of SMSL (Scope of Kobar and Sukamara, December 12, 2011) and Ceremony of Project Closing (Scope of Kobar and Sukamara on December 13, 2011).

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This multi-stakeholders meeting is the meeting point of stakeholders of SMSL site conservation, especially communities living around the site and the related government institutions.

Establish and promote sustainable livelihood demonstration projects During implementation the project has been build and operate two Demonstration Project on Sustainable Livelihoods, namely Demonstration Plot of Settled Mixed Garden Without Burn (Tempayung Village, Kobar District) and the Demonstration Plot of Organic Waste Management into Compost (Pudu Village, Sukamara District). The project is also carrying out assistance activities in agriculture for farmers and 13 farmers group in eight villages (Tempayung, Babual Baboti, Terantang, Tanjung Putri, Sungai Pasir, Kartamulya, Natai Sedawak, and Pudu), as well as facilitating the five activities of Comparative studies for target-farmers. Comparative studies include Comparative Study of Citrus Cultivation to Farmers Group of Beringin Jaya, Comparative Study of Rubber Cultivation to PTPN XIII and to the Farmers Group of Rubber in the Sido Mulyo village, Comparative Study of Pantung cultivation to Hampangen village and to Kalampangan village in Tangkiling, Palangkaraya, Comparative Study of Mixed Garden to Sungai Sintuk Village in Kumai, and Comparative Study of making compost from Husk Charcoal to Pontianak.

Demonstration Plot of Organic Waste Management into Compost

Two senior high school students of SMKN 1 picked cucumber in project demonstration plot of compost processing. Both were visiting demonstration plot when school holiday. They were students of Rozi in the learning of agricultural farming as part of local capacity learning / Mulok, cooperation between Project and school. Rozi is Project Community Organizer. During activities of Mulok, demonstration plot of compost processing became the place of field practise. Demonstration Plot of Compost Processing operated based on Agreement Letter between Project and Sukamara regency government which was signed on August 19, 2009. In the beginning, Project was difficult to find the suitable land to be used as demonstration plot. Fortunately, a villager of Pudu village, Ahmad Gajali who cares for environment gave one hectare of his land for this activity. After the

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Project ends, demonstration plot will be managed wholly by Sukamara regency government.

The compost fertilizer is required, as if chemical fertilizer could not be found, the farmers could not cultivate their farms. Compost fertilizer was made from organic waste such as waste of agricultural farm, leaves, protein chemical elements and bacterial addition of IM4. The process of compost production takes 2-3 days. Through cooperation with Environment Office of Sukamara, demonstration plot gets supply of organic waste as the raw materials of compost production.

Routine activities in demonstration plot of compost production covers compost processing, application of compost to demonstration plot, planting vegetable and fruit plants, facilitating the learning practice of SMKN 1 Sukamara students, facilitating meetings of farmer groups and visits of public communities. The students of Mulok from SMKN 1 Sukamara (major in Agricultural Farm) every week conducted field practice (processing compost, planting vegetables and fruits) in demonstration plot of compost production. Facilities in demonstration plot of compost production covers compost production house, demonstration land, learning hall, nursery building, home stay, toilet, chopper machine, and other agricultural equipments needed.

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Demonstration Plot of Settled Mixed Garden without Burn

Latief never thought before that he finally became able to cultivate the plants. He never disseminated the seeds and harvested the products before. However, things got changed when he joined in the Project to cultivate demonstration plot of mixed garden in Tempayun village. That Babual Baboti villager now could harvest everyday from the garden he cultivated. He has made to harvest chilli, tomatoes, bitter melon, eggplants, and other vegetables, almost every day. He made rotated farming system to maintain continuity of crop harvest by scheduling the planting of various plants. With his land area which is about half hectare, Latied could get monthly income about Rp. 2-3 million. His activities could give benefit not only for himself; his neighbours also could get the benefit. His neighbours asked the crops harvest and consulted with him how to do farming well. Latief who was a trader joined to become an assistant in demonstration plot. Since 2010, he helped cleaning and taking care of the garden. Besides Latief, there was also Jured. He was a driver who never knew how to use hoe.

Latief and Jured were employed in demonstration plot to help cleaning, planting, and nursing the garden. Both were villagers from Babual Baboti village. They helped Edi’s job, the Agricultural Facilitator who were responsible to manage demonstration plot. Edi joined the Project since 2008. According to Education Manager, Riyandoko, the concept of demonstration plot was decided in the meeting with villagers. Routine activities in demonstration plot of mixed garden covered cultivating land, planting rubber trees, fruit trees and vegetable trees, facilitating

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meetings with farmers and visits of public community. Demonstration plot of mixed garden was much related to rehabilitation of degraded land in the form of agro-forestry or social-forestry in the purpose of increasing income sources and reaching the purpose of researches. Demonstration project was designated for activities that support land rehabilitation such as cultivation of intercropping seasonal vegetables with rubber plants. Activities of agro-forestry and social-forestry have potential of generating stable and sustainable income sources and also contributing in agricultural development and preservation. Many species of trees can meet the needs of environment and be useful for human. For example, rubber tree can provide forest structure (it is high, shady and propagation for the vines), can produce valuable commodity for local market, can be interspersed with other local fruits which are not susceptible to pests or other plant vermin. Demonstration plot of mixed garden was aimed as a media or learning sample for community. The Project hopes that demonstration plot may change the moved farming system becomes settled mixed garden system. In the beginning Project introduced mixed garden system in household which was cultivating garden in the house yard. This effort was not really successful because the plants were eaten by pigs and cows where the people raised pigs and cows not in cages. Then, Tempayung village government lent three hectare land in 2008. The land give looked like forest where trees grow. The land was cleared and built with learning hall in 2009. It was started in clearing the land. The planting process was started in 2010 with 18 species of plants. Some species planted were rubber,

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durian, kerantungan (kind of durian), pampaan, cempedak (kind of jackfruit), jackfruit, rambutan, kelambayau and lanseh. The seeds were obtained from villagers and Forestry Department of Kotawaringin Barat regency also gave 400 seeds of rubber plants. Vegetable plants in demonstration plot has been harvested routinely that community can consume. Some plants were watercress, tomato, chilli, cucumber, and bitter melon that could be harvested every month.

Facilities in demonstration plot of mixed garden covered sample land, nursery building, learning hall, fishpond, coop, toilet, generator set, and agricultural equipments needed. Promoting the demonstration plot was conducted through publication, visit to villages, community meeting or meeting with farmer groups.

Agricultural mentoring in Sukamara

With the sound of cricket and night bird, Rozi and Tumiran were in conversation in terrace of Project office in Sukamara, last July 2011. Tumiran, one of farmer in Pudu Rundun village came that night to discuss with Rozi. This was not the first time of their meeting there. According to Rozi, in a month he came several times to discuss when there was a problem in his agricultural land or just wanted to

talk. Rozi, 50 years old, and Tumiran, 41 years old, were friends since the meetings of farmer groups were held. Tumiran joined the farmer group of Berkat Betuah. As community organizer, Rozi held meeting each month with villagers to discuss about agricultural issues. Formerly, Tumiran worked moonlight as a farmer with main job as construction labourer. He has lent land for one hectare cultivated before his work as construction labourer. After being assisted by Rozi, in the end of 2009 Tumiran started to plant Tomato. With 10 grams of seeds of Tomato plant, Tumiran raise seedling of 1,200-1,300

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plants. In four months, Tumiran earned Rp. 14,000,000. He sold the tomato crops with price Rp. 12,000 per kilogram. The success of crop pepped up Tumiran. With bigger earning than being as construction labourer, Tumiran was serious to continue being farmer as his main job. The success of Tumiran was continued. He planted tomato again in July 2010. After gaining harvest, he bought a second hand motorbike Honda Supra Z 125 2006 with cost Rp. 8,500,000.

Rozi facilitated four villages in Sukamara which were Kartamulya, Pudu, Natai Sedawak and Sungai Pasir. These villages have various characteristics. There were farmer groups which were Sumber Makmur farmer group and Rundun Karya farmer group in Pudu village, Berkat Betuah farmer group from Pudu village, Natai Sedawak and Mendawai village.

Besides, there were also farmer groups of Berkat Bersama in Terantang sub-village, Natai Sedawak village, Mekar Sari farmer group in Natai Sedawak village, Kartamulya farmer group in Kartamulya village and Karet 123 farmer group in Natai Panjang village and PKK farmer group in Sungai Pasir village. In these villages, Rozi facilitated three farmer groups which were Sumber Makmur, Rundun Karya and Berkat Betuah. Berkat Betuah farmer group in Pudu village has 17 active farmers, Rundun Karya has 13 active farmers and Sumber Makmur has 19 active farmers. Usually, the meeting of farmer groups was held once in a month. According to Tumiran, the agricultural mentoring from Project has given a lot of benefits. He gained knowledge of how to cultivate farming land and nurse the plants of vegetables such as long beans, green beans and broccoli. Farming was very profitable because there were still few people doing farming in Sukamara that the earnings were still a lot. The number of farmers following Tumiran career was getting increased. According to Rozi, from the survey result in

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targeted villages, in 2007-2008 the number of farmers here became 100 people, and in 2011, the number jumped to three times.

Agricultural mentoring in Kotawaringin Barat

Thousand of catfishes invaded food disseminated by Madjid in fishpond sized 6 x 8 meter in the back of his house in Tanjung Putri village, in Kotawaringin Barat regency. Madjid, 56 year old, had been a year raising fishes with Serumpun farmer group. About 22 fishponds were arranged orderly where 1,200 catfishes and carp fishes in separated fishpond. The farmers in Serumpun farmer

group raised fishes besides cultivating garden. This farmer group had been a year not cultivating rice plants because the frequent flood occurred in their villages. In a year, flood could come to their rice fields for three months. According to Madjid, no one knew exactly what caused the flood. The farmers owned approximately 60 hectare land in total. The cultivated land covered 15 hectares with the crop harvest in May 2011 as much as 2 tons for each hectare land. The land productivity was decreased compared with crop

harvest in 2006 and 2007 which could harvest three tons per hectare land. The decrease of harvest was caused by flood that made the soil acidity level increased and the soil fertility degraded. Because of the failure of rice harvest, the farmers chose to cultivate garden. It was estimated that the soil would be fertile again in the coming 2-3 years. According to Madjid, he was lucky to get knowledge and advisory service from the Project. He learnt how to do planting.

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Serumpun farmer group in Tanjung Putri village in Kotawaringin Barat regency was one of farmer groups that got advisory from Project. Agricultural facilitator and community organizer kept on holding meeting to discuss about agricultural issues in the village. Serumpun farmer group was the group of villagers who ever worked as illegal loggers. Madjid formed the farmer group in 2006 with other 11 farmers who are his relatives. Madjid owned six hectare land planted by rice crops and vegetable plants. Actually, agricultural farm was not new for him. In his young age, he worked helping his father to cultivate his rice field and garden. In 2007, Yayorin came visiting them. Since then, Yayorin interacted with the farmer group advising them some materials about agricultural farming such as using compost fertilizer, fighting pests, using organic plant medicines, how to use liquid fertilizer, or skill to plant rice sustainably. According to Madjid, a lot of knowledge had been given although not all got a chance to be applied. Number of Serumpun group members fluctuated. After several months established in 2006, the number of farmer group member increased to 39 people. In 2009, it increased again to 50 people. But in 2011, it decreased to 30 people with only 15 active members. Through agricultural mentoring from Project, Serumpun farmer group held meeting on the date 12 of each month. Facilitator Agriculture personnel from Project often attended the meetings to give material and to lead discussion with the farmers. Usually there were 15 people attended the meeting. In Tanjung Putri village, there was not yet grid (state electricity company/PLN). The villagers used generator set with solar fuel 2 litres per day. The generator set could provide lighting for four hours started from 18.00 until 22.00. Through Project’s assistance, the farmer groups were facilitated until they got contribution of rice milling machine from Agricultural Department in 2009. This assistance was really helpful for the rice farmers. Before receiving the machine, they spent the cost Rp. 400,000 per ton to grind grains. With the milling machine in the village, the farmers could sell the rice to markets. Madjid uses to sell to market in Pangkalan Bun with price Rp. 6,600 per kilogram. He used to bring sacks of rice by motorbike. The rice was wrapped 25 kg in each sack. Project

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also facilitated the formation of new farmer group named ‘Berkat Mufakat’ with 21 members. Besides, there was planting activity 120 Jelutung trees with plant spacing 7x3 meters in Tanjung Putri village, in April 2009. Harvest time of this jelutung trees was about five years. Number of villagers in Tanjung Putri was about 1,300 people with the largest livelihood as fishermen, 80 percent of the total number. Most of villagers, about 70 percent, were immigrants from ethnic Malay. Before their arrival, most of villagers worked in warehouse of wood as loggers. Almost all living in the coastal area lived in the wooden made houses. Infrastructures of village such as road, houses, and school buildings were constructed of wood. In good weather, a fisherman could catch about 50 kg fishes or Rp. 350,000 in value. However, in bad weather, his could only earn about 10 kg or Rp. 70,000 in value. According to the Head of village, Joko Susanto, the majority of villagers chose to work as fishermen because the work was easy and quick to get caught fishes. While cultivating garden and agricultural farm could take more time and higher cost. According to Joko, the living pattern of villagers was still instant-oriented and so they were not interested in cultivating farms. However, Joke saw that after Project activities, there was behaviour change of the villagers, for example, they became good in communication. Agricultural mentoring for the farmers and 13 farmer groups were conducted in eight villages in Sukamara and Kobar regency through class meetings and field practises. The agricultural mentoring covered technical activities in cultivation of horticulture, poultry, compost production, and strengthening the organization of farmer groups. Agricultural mentoring in Kobar regency area covered to farmers of mixed garden in Tempayung village and Babual Baboti village, rice farmers joined in the group of Serumpun in Tanjung Putri village, vegetable farmers and rice farmers joined in the group of Tunas Mekar and group of Gelugur Jaya in Tanjung Terantang. Agricultural mentoring in Sukamara regency area covered rice farmers joined in the group of Berkat Petuah (its members were villagers of Pudu village, Natai Sedawak village and Mendawai village), rubber farmers joined in the group of Natai Panjang and group of PKK in Sungai Pasir village, vegetable farmers and rice farmers joined in the group of Sumber makmur in Pudu village.

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Over the past five years of implementation, Project had facilitated five Comparative Study for the targeted farmers covering Comparative Study of Oranges Cultivation to Beringin Jaya farmer group, Comparative Study of Rubber Cultivation to PTPN XIII and Karet Desa Sido Mulyo farmer group, Comparative Study of Pantung (kind of rubber) Cultivation to Hampangen village and Kalampangan village in Tangkiling, Palangkaraya, Comparative Study of Mixed Garden in Sungai Sintuk village in Kumai, and Comparative Study of Compost Production made of husk charcoal to Pontianak.

Main Achievement of Rehabilitating degraded forest land Activity

Isam, 26 years old, Land Manager, was checking the seeds in the seedbed. Each seed should always be fresh and healthy to maintain its survival. Each seed was treated routinely for a year before being planted on some critical points. The treatment of seeds was such as watering the seeds every day, replacing dead seeds and cleared the weeds. The planting was done when the seed had reached 30-50 cm tall. Nursery seedbed was built in appropriate location to treat and to raise seeds. Besides in front of Danau

Burung post, nursery seedbed was also built beside Perapat post. Activities in the seedbed covered treatment of seeds, maintenance of seedbed, and replacement of damaged poly bags. Some of seeds were gathered by the surrounding villagers from such as Natai Sedawak village, Pudu village, Sungai Pasir village and Kartamulya village. The

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farmers nearby each post gathered the seeds to be raised. Most of seeds gathered by villagers were seeds of fruit trees. Some species of tree gathered by villagers were Halaban (Vitex vubecens), Ubar samak (Euginia sp.), Areca nut (Areca cathecu), Belangeran (Shorea blangeran),

Perapat (Combretocarpus rotudatus), Rose-apple, Durian (Durio carinatus), Sundi, Semono (Elaeocarpus valetonii), Medang (Litsea sp), Idur (Nevileum sp), Sintuk lawang (Litsea sp), Getah merah (Palagium sp), Nilam (Chionanthus rupicatus), Pelawan, Betapai, Idat, Rambutan (Nephelium sp), Ubar salim (Euginia sp), Ubar putih (Euginia sp), Bintangur (Colypylum sp.) and Ubar jambu (Euginia sp.). Before seedbed was built, the villagers gathered the seeds and raised the seeds in their own village land. However, this way was not efficient as it was difficult to take the seeds for being planted.

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The planting activity was started with areca-nut trees in the border of Lamandau river wildlife reserve site in Perapat area. In 2008, seedbed was built nearby Perapat post and Danau Burung post. The seedbed beside Perapat post was built in size 10x10 meters and Project recruited one local staff to treat the seeds. Another seedbed was also built in front of Danau Burung post in November 2008 in size 25x25 meters.

At an initial stage, the seedbed accommodated up to 21 thousand of seeds gathered from villages. The process of raising seeds was started in June 2009 where 35 seeds were gathered from buffer villages and involved nine villagers. The seeds were treated intensively in the seedbed. The watering of seeds was conducted in the morning

and in the afternoon and each damaged poly bag was replaced. The healthy seed was taken out from the seedbed when it was time to be planted. While unhealthy seeds remained in the seedbed to be treated. Routine treatment was continued for the seeds already planted in Lamandau river wildlife reserve site, in buffer zone, or in site border. The treatment of seeds were included tiling the soil, putting grasses around the seeds so that the ground would remain moist in dry season. Project planted averagely 400 seeds per hectare land with plant spacing 5 x 5 meters. In order to support forest

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rehabilitation process naturally, Project also put milestones or bamboo rods in the open areas. Until now, 80 bamboo rods had been put in the open areas in Danau Burung location to support natural regeneration process. 40 bamboo rods were installed in September 2010, and 40 bamboo rods were installed in August 2011. Those bamboo rods were expected to be the place where the birds could perch. The birds were usually casted their dirt containing seeds that were meant to grow trees.

Since the beginning, the first thing done by Project was to approach the communities in order to support the Project activities. The local communities welcomed the joint activities in gathering seeds. This showed a support to the Project purpose, which was the beginning of

community involvement in forest conservation. Besides their involvement in seed gathering, the communities also participated in nursery activities and in planting activities. It was expected that communities would have high self-belonging to the site. The communities got paid Rp. 1000 for each tree planted, and got paid Rp. 300 for each seed gathered. Tumiran was one of farmers from Pudu village, in Sukamara, who liked this job. It was not only local communities, the youth joined in conservation cadre community of Green Organization also involved in the planting activity of 270 Papung trees in Lamandau river wildlife reserve buffer zone on April 22, 2010. The planting activity was conducted in Danau Burung area in commemoration of Earth Day. Besides routine treatment and planting, the success of this activity was challenged with how to handle the forest fires around reforestation area. The reforestation team had to cooperate with patrol team to prevent and to protect the site from fires. When dry season came in early June 2011, there was fire scorched 800 seeds of coconut trees and 20 seeds of areca nut trees planted in site border area (Danau

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Burung area) occured in January 2011. The wind blowed hardly and the water was so little that hardened the patrol staff and reforestation staff to put out the fire.

Besides inside Lamandau river wildlife reserve site, the Reforestation team also planted seeds in buffer zone, and also in village forest land which had been degraded. On May 29-31, 2011, the Team and 50 villagers of Tempayung village planted 4,000 seeds of fruit trees on 10

hectare land with plant spacing 5 x 5 meters. The species of tree planted were local plants, such as Lanseh, Dukuh, Cempedak, Durian, Rambutan, Keranji, Gaharu, Belangeran, Idat, and Penaga.

In the end of 2010, rehabilitation activity on degraded land inside Lamandau river wildlife reserve site had reached beyond the determined target which was on 179.5 hectare area. The project targeted the rehabilitation of Lamandau river wildlife reserve site on degraded land as wide as 150 hectares. In total, within five years of Project implementation, the Project has planted 71,817 trees from 32 species inside the reserve of 179,54 hectares, planted 21,113 trees from 18 species in the buffer zone area of 52,78 hectares, and has planted

24,861 trees from four species in the border area. Four species of trees planted in the border of the reserve also serves as a 'living fence' which includes 16,744 areca-nut trees, 5,800 coconut trees, 2,000 banana trees, and 317 cashew trees (spacing 3x3 meters and 5x5 meters).

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In 2007, the planting activity was conducted in the site border in Perapat area as many as 400 trees. In 2008, the planting activity was conducted in the site border in Danau Burung area as many as 500 trees and also planted in site border in Perapat area as many as 326 trees. In 2009, the planting activity was conducted inside the reserve in Danau Burung area as many as 37,567 trees, and planted inside the reserve in Perapat area as many as 17,926 trees. The Project also planted in site border in Danau Burung as many as 13,539 trees, in buffer zone in Danau Burung area as many as 2,232 trees and in buffer zone in Perapat area as many as 87 trees. In 2010, the planting activity was conducted inside the reserve in Danau Burung area as many as 8,204 trees and inside the reserve in Perapat area as many as 8,120 trees. Project also planted in site border in Danau Burung area as many as 1,659 trees and in site border in Perapat area as many as 317 trees. Project planted in buffer zone in Danau Burung area as many as 3,077 trees and in buffer zone in Perapat area as many as 1,970 trees.

In 2011, the planting activity was conducted in site border in Danau Burung area as many as 4,260 trees and in site border in Perapat area as many as 1,800 trees, in buffer zone in Danau Burung area as many as 6,950 and in buffer zone in Perapat area as many as 6,330 trees. The seed treatment, nursery care and compost

production were conducted in two locations of planting, which were in Danau Burung area and Perapat area. The nursery care was included clearing the planting area, soil tilling, and soil fertilization. Compost fertilizer was made of chicken and cow manure as raw materials. Compost fertilizer was disseminated around the planted seeds, then, the compost fertilizer was covered with soil so as not to dry and not washed away by rain water.

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Activities such as clearing planting lines, digging planting holes, gathering seeds, transporting seeds, planting, fertilizing, and treating (tiling and weed clearing) always involved villagers. The beginning of reforestation activities covered Survey for Identification Critical and Damaged Land in cooperation with FNPF, a local organization experienced in forest reforestation, which was conducted in August 24-31, 2007. The result of survey showed some locations or some lands inside and around the site that needed reforestation. In addition, the research result identified location for building seedbed and also identified some species of vegetation which were appropriate with the condition and ecology of the targeted land. This survey was then continued with the Study of Reforestation in Lamandau river wildlife reserve in cooperation with reforestation expert from CIMPTROP (The Center for International Cooperation in Management of Tropical Peatlands), University of Palangkaraya. CIMTROP team visited Lamandau river wildlife reserve site during April 19 – 24, 2008. This organization provided input for the long-term program and shared their experience in doing rehabilitation and peat moss management in Central Kalimantan. One of recommendation was conducting trial of planting the seeds started from the edge of forest area. The purpose was to extend forest finger which had been highly vulnerable. In the end, Project also drafted the Report of Reforestation and Lessons Learned, including determination and mapping of the Long-Term Monitoring Plot in cooperation with Faculty of Biology in National University.

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Main Achievement of Community-based education and awareness raising Activity

There were two sub activities in this activity, first, Raise awareness of conservation issues, sustainable land management and sustainable livelihoods through community-based education programmes; second, Raise awareness of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve.

Activity of community-based education awareness rising was

conducted by Mobile Education and Library Unit (MELU) Team of Yayorin. Activities of the team were visiting villages, schools, government institutions and private institutions to provide materials and to enhance awareness on environmental issues through presentation, interactive discussion and film screenings. In addition, Project also implemented activity of enhancement of people’s awareness on Lamandau river wildlife reserve Ecosystem through publishing and distributing ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin, distribution of calendar themed Lamandau river wildlife reserve Ecosystem and involvement in various exhibitions nationally and internationally.

Raise awareness of conservation issues, sustainable land

management and sustainable livelihoods through community-based

education programmes

That morning was so bright, the sunlight made Arut Selatan river looked light brown and shiny glow. Children who were bathing in the riverside looked so happy to greet the sunny morning. It was in the end of June 2011, when the Educators from Mobile Education Team, Fadlik Al Iman, 32 years old and Richi Sugiarto, 28 years old, were in Speedboat port nearby BNI Bank in Pangkalan Bun while waiting for the boat to come. They could not wait to get to school of SMPN 4 of Arut Selatan located in Mendawai Seberang village. In order to get to the location with the fastest time, they needed to cross the river by boat. The engine power-equipped boat required less than five minutes to cross the river within 10-20 meters.

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Getting of the boat, Fadlik and Richi carried along a plastic box containing presentation equipments such as net book, LCD, TOA Wireless, white tarpaulin, roll cable, stabilizer, pocket camera, notebook and magazine. The trip from the port to SMPN 4 of Arut Selatan was 500 meters. The village road was made of ironwood (ulin wood) which was strongly forged and pegged about 2 meters tall from the surface of the river. The houses of villagers nearby the riverside were also made of wood. Area in the outskirts of Mendawai Seberang village was swampy and always flooding when high tides. On school permission, Fadlik and Richi used musholla ( a small mosque) as the learning place. The work was started with cleaning the room. White tarpaulin sized 2x3 meters was put in the room corner to be projector screen. Long cable was connected to electricity switch in the room next to musholla. It took about 20 minutes to install LCD projector, net book, TOA wireless and to check the equipment function. At about 8.30 Western Indonesia Time, the students were welcomed to enter the musholla as the learning place. There were about one hundred students in white blue uniform crowded the musholla. They sat on the floor of musholla and paid attention to the lessons about environment. Fadlik was the first to teach with ice-breaking method. He started with introductory greeting and a joke to create an atmosphere of learning to be relaxed and entertaining. Fadlik presented materials using projector slide about thirty minutes teaching about orang-utan and various other protect wildlife. Provision of material was interspersed with quizzes. Fadlik confronted three questions related to presented materials. The student who could answer correctly would receive notebook with picture of orang-utan on the cover or ‘Sumpitan’ bulletin of Juneor edition. In the end of presentation, Fadlik displayed a great writing message on the projector screen saying that Wildlife cannot talk, but we can talk and do something for them. Fadlik asked the students to read it together. The children read together loudly and passionately. Richi continued presentation by film screening about protection of orang-utan. This film had duration of 10 minutes arranged by the Team showing documentation about the capture of wildlife and tragic story of imprisoned animals. The film showed simulation about human who lived in cage. After the film ended, Richi gave the questions to the students if they wanted to be like the

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human in the cage, and the students simultaneously answered no. Richi continued that if they did not want to, they should not treat animals like that either. After film screening, Richi presented through projector slide about the diseases caused if human live together with wildlife. Just like Fadlik, Richi interspersed his presentation with quizzes. The presentation was then continued by other Educator, Muhammad Iqbal Abisaputra (27) or Ibe. He arrived later, and since presentation was begun, he sat together with the students while paying attention to his two friends. He was a graduate of Faculty of Psychology from University of Indonesia. He presented conclusion and repeated important points already told about previously by his two friends for 10 minutes. He suggested that the easiest thing the students could do was to dispose the trash in its place and not to do littering. The material presentation was continued with field visit to the front yard of school. In the field covered by ironwood, Fadlik, Richi and Ibe held a variety of educational games. The students made a circle and moved around the field with laughter. The exciting way in presenting the material made the time seem short. They did not aware that it took already three hours for the learning session.

Activity of Education Team in SMPN 4 of Arut Selatan was the second time. The first time was in 2010 with film screening. The material presented was about environmental conservation. The vice principal, Ibu Sony Yardawati, Spd said that besides teaching the students to be close to the environment, they should also learnt to maintain the school environment and not to do littering. According to Ibu Sony, the teachers in the school had already given material about environment in the curriculum of nature science and social science. But the

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teaching was majorly sourced from the text book, so it was less varied and not interesting. The number of students of SMPN 4 was 347 students with 11 class rooms. Each class room was occupied by 25-334 students. The number of teachers including the principal was 25 people with 22 other staff. Most of students were from Mendawai Seberang village whose parents’ livelihood was from agricultural farming and fishing. The surrounding communities already change their working system from shifting farming to become sedentary farming.

Haderan, a school principal, 48 years old, expressed his hope that the Mobile Education Team would be visiting their school more often. The students always responded well team’s visit. He suggested that the Education Team could give material once a week or twice a month. Mr. Haderan was aware of the limited facilities and limited capacity of teachers in providing interesting presentation. He acknowledged that the teaching with entertaining way could make the students became easier to understand.

The students of SMPN 4 Arut Selatan also expressed their hope to receive materials from mobile education team more often. Mauriska Pitria, 14 years old, student of grade 8 said that she already knew that orang-utan must be protected but she just knew from the education team that some diseases that could transmitted from wildlife. She found that the materials were presented entertainingly with full of interesting pictures.

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Similar thing also expressed by Ary Syaffriandy Ahtha, 13 year old, and Rizal Januar, 12 years old. Besides receiving additional knowledge about environment, they were also happy with the method of learning which was interspersed with jokes that the students felt enjoyed. Ary and Rijal every joined Youth Camp held by the mobile education team. They camped for 3 days 2 nights in three villages which were Tanjung Putri, Serumpun, and Tanjung Putri Seberang. They acknowledged that their experience was very impressive especially when they joined the activity of planting 100 trees.

Mobile education team consisted of four people which were Education Manager and three education facilitators. Education manager was Ryandoko, and education facilitators were Fadlik al Iman, Muhammad Iqbal Abisaputra or Ibe and Richi Sugianto. Riyan became Education Manager since 2009, formerly this position was occupied by Eddy Santoso. The education background of the team members were varied such as psychology, economy, and agriculture. They all experienced in formal and informal education.

Fadlik joined the team since February 2007, while Ibe and Richi joined later in 2010. The team divided tasks and roles according to capacity of each educator. Fadlik got share for ice breaking. Richi would maintain the students’ discipline after conducive learning atmosphere was created. While Ibe would act as concluder who observed the learning situation from the beginning of material presentation, and adding the left material presented formerly. Since year 2007 until December 2011 the team conducted 140 visits to schools in Kobar regency, Sukamara, and Lamandau covering 82 schools. One school received visit more than once. In addition, there were also 40 visits to 23 villages

in Kobar regency, Sukamara, and Lamandau, and 19 visits to related government institutions in Kobar and Sukamara regency. The team prioritized the visits to villages and schools in Lamandau river wildlife reserve buffer zone such as Mendawai, Mendawai Seberang, Kumpai Batu Bawah, Tanjung Terantang, Tanjung Putri, Kotawaringin Hilir,

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Tempayung, Babual Baboti, Kartamulya, Pudu, Natai Sedawak, and Sungai Pasir. Visits were also conducted to several areas nearby Lamandau river wildlife reserve site and upstream area of Lamandau river. The team also visited Sidorejo village, Madurejo village and Pasir Panjang village. The trips to the villages and schools were taken through land and river. Sometimes the team met bad road on their way. When driving over land, the team could bring complete equipments. The land road trip could use Strada car 4 WD belonged to the Project. The back of the car could transport equipments such as generator set, sound system, orang-utan costumes, and reading books. Other equipments could be transported were presentation equipments such as laptop, LCD, stabilizer, cable, materials, pocket cameras and TOA. Sometimes the team was accompanied by staff of BKSDA II Kalteng.

The team mascot, a doll of male orang-utan named Uncle Win sometimes joined the group to enliven the atmosphere. The students were very happy if uncle Win greeted them and told them fairy tales related to the issues of Lamandau river wildlife reserve protection and environmental conservation in general. In the visit to one village, the team used to

live in for two until three days. There, the team stayed in one of villager houses after reporting and asking for permission from the head of village or village government official. Staying in the villager house made the team adapted faster with the situation of village and its people. The team could get information formally or through gossip in the village. The visit to school was usually conducted in the first day of living in the village. Before starting the activity, the team would inform the school in the village to coordinate and to ask for permission. Some villages had unique condition and varied from others. The mobile education team ever visited a school in a remote village with the number of students was similar with the number of teacher which was four people. This experience was

Sukamara Fair 2009

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found when visiting elementary school of SDN 1 Sei Pasir in Teruntum village. One class would only have one student taught by a teacher. Team entered Teruntum village accidently. Initially the team visited Sei Pasir village to find the address o SDN 1 Sei Pasir. After twice visits to Sei Pasir village, the team did not find the school, but a villager informed them the location of school which was in Teruntum village, the neighbour of Sei Pasir village. In order to get to the location, the team walked by foot because the car could not reach into the village. The village road only fit for motorbike. When reaching the location, the people had look of fear and avoidance. The team realized their fear when someone confronted them with a question in Dayak language if they wanted to kill the people. Apparently, at that time in Teruntum village, there was an issue that there be coming strangers who would do harm. The team expressed their purpose of coming in possible good manner to the village official and villagers. After hearing their explanation, they finally welcomed the team. After then, the team did not find further difficulty to present the materials in school. Most of people in Teruntum village were trans-local community who worked as crabbers. A child named Rona, 12 years old, could catch crabs weighing up to 5 kg every day. This village was very unique that the team could learn a lot of things from this village. When the mobile education team visited the school, they hoped that the teachers could involve in their activity and shared information about the conservation and method of learning about environment. The team realized the important roles of teachers as the agents of change that could bring environmental issues in their schools and villages.

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Unfortunately, there were only few teachers who were willing to participate in the activity of mobile education team. Getting around this problem, the team held a training of environmental education for the teachers in Sukamara regency. This activity took place three days, May 24-26 2011 involving 30 teachers and 15 schools in different levels. This activity was expected to be the provision for teachers to identify critically the environmental issues in their living areas. The issues could be the learning materials in schools.

Raise awareness of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve

Local content of Environmental Education

In May 2009, the MELU Team provided learning for two academic years which were 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 to add curriculum of local content of Ecological Agriculture for senior high school students of grade 1 major in agricultural farming in SMKN 1 in Sukamara. Rozi, the agricultural facilitator, became the teacher accompanied with the teacher in school. The division of roles between teacher and facilitator from the team was written in memorandum of agreement between Yayorin and SMKN 1 Sukamara. The teaching and learning activity was conducted in the classroom learning theory and outside the classroom for practise. The practise was conducted in demonstration plot of compost

production in Pudu village.

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Visits to LRWR Tapper

Afendi, 38 years old, a Kubu villager, from Kumai sub-district, Kotawaringin Barat regency, was one of rubber tappers in Rasau river area. Nearby the river, he lived with about 20 people working as rubber tappers who made stage huts on the banks of the river. The rubber tappers worked for getting Jelutung tree saps. Jelutung tree constituted local tree growing on the swamp land. Jelutung tree saps, after being compacted, were sold to factory to be processed into cosmetic ingredients. Afendi worked as rubber tapper since the year 2000 after learning from his father in-law. This Sungai Nanjung villager, in West Kalimantan just abandoned his former job as illegal logger. The government who banned the illegal logging activity had made him to stop doing so. He ever tried to be a fisherman, but then switched to be a rubber tapper. Afendi was taking a trip from Kubu village to Rasau river by speedboat taxi coming from Pangkalan Bun with cost Rp. 20,000. The trip from Pangkalan Bun to Rasau post took half an hour by kelotok boat together with entourage. The trip from Rasau post to rubber tapping location was taken by canoe. The rubber tappers built shelter huts in several tributary streams located in Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve which were Buluh river, Teringin river, Rasau river, and Mangkung river. The jelutung (kind of rubber) tappers lived in the huts for about 30-40 days, and sometimes they came with their families. The rubber tappers stored the jelutung saps in the wooden barrel made of

meranti timber with rattan ties. The highly liquid rubber inside the barrel was coagulated into alum, tursi, and sap vinegar. Capacity of one wooden barrel was about 60-100 kg of solid resin. Jelutung saps were the most widely produced in dry season compared with those produced in rainy season. In dry season, Afendi could gather rubber saps about 1 ton within 40

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days. However, in the rainy season, the rubber saps decreased to 700 kg in the same period. The price of rubber saps were fluctuated and tended to continue to rise. In June 2011, the price of each kg was about Rp. 9,000, while in the previous year the price was about Rp. 5,000. In order to get more profit the rubber tappers sold their products directly to the factory. However, if they owed money to the middleman, they had to sell at a discount. The price was cheaper Rp. 1,000 from market price. Frequently the rubber tappers borrowed money from the middleman as working capital during living in the huts in the site. The lent money depended on the needs, which was usually about Rp. 2,000,000. Afendi used his income from rubber tapping to pay the education of his oldest son. His other two children were one in second grade of elementary school and the other one was three years old. Each rubber tapper who wanted to enter the site had to have permission letter from BKSDA. Every three months, Afendi had to request the extension of his permission letter to enter the site. The requirements to get this permission letter were such as prohibition from destroying forests, prohibition bringing dogs, prohibition to do littering, prohibition to set fire and other rules. Afendi agreed to obey the rules. The MELU team provided counselling to the rubber tappers to inform them about conservation and conservation activity of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve. The rubber tappers always involved in the Project activity. Every Friday, the rubber tappers worked together under coordination of camp and guard post staff to clean up rivers. The rubber tappers also involved in land rehabilitation activity and assisted in fire fighting at fires.

Establishing and

Organizing Conservation

Cadres

For Iskandar, a 17 years old student in third grade of senior high school in SMAN 1 Sukamara, being conservation cadre had provided him knowledge and new experience. Since joining Green

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Organization as a cadre in Sukamara in June 2009 he participated in several environmental and social activities. One of unforgettable experiences was when participating in cadre training in Danau Burung area, Sukamara assisted by the mobile education team. He worked with other eight conservation cadres living in for three days and two nights receiving food and drink organized by the trainers. According to Iskandar, during the training, they drew from a variety of knowledge such as bird observation, land navigation, and water organisms. They were taught to practise the use of compass and GPS in outdoors and also to recognize the water worth of consumed. Environmental recognition learning in Danau Burung post was ended with an official inauguration as Green Organization cadres. Besides trainings, the cadres were also involved in several activities such as meeting about land development without combustion in Pudu village, Kartamulya, Terantang, Natai Sedawak in commemoration of the Earth Day year 2010. Just like Iskandar, Depi Ansari (18 years old) and Herianto (18 years old) had received a lot of benefit since joining Green Organization as cadres. They received knowledge and new experience in recognizing the environment. At inauguration event they got experience how to survive in nature. Green Organization was an organization of conservation cadres located in Sukamara regency under the guidance of mobile education team. Members of this organization were senior high school level students located in Sukamara whose schools had been visited by the mobile education unit.

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The MELU Team facilitated the formation of Green Organization in 2008 by gathering school students who were interested in environmental conservation. The team only facilitated and gave assistance, but the cadres determined the organization name and the rules of organization depended on their creativity. The MELU Team gave assistance to Green Organization every month in capacity building of organization and its members. Several activities of assistance were training of basic organization, improvement of skills and involvement in anniversary of environment days. The conservation cadres were also involved in the activity of counselling to schools and villages. The involvement of these cadres in the counselling became part of capacity building in activity of education and awareness. In Kotawaringin Barat regency, the establishment of conservation cadres was started in December 2007. At that time, the number of students participated in the cadre training was about 30 personnel. As different as in Sukamara, in Kotawaringin Barat there had been a youth organizations who cared about environment such as Genksi. The conservation cadres in Kotawaringin Barat were more active in conservation clubs in their own school. Daren and Herianto planned to develop Green Organization although without assistance of mobile education unit. The members of Green Organization were preparing to be independent organization.

Printing Bulletin of ‘Sumpitan’, Calendar, and other Publication

The information about project activity of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve ecosystem conservation was spread periodically through Bulleting of ‘Sumpitan’. The print media was published four times in a year. It contained rubrics such as education and awareness, conservation, sustainable agricultural farming, public voice, research, training and meeting vote. Distribution of Bulletin ’Sumpitan’ reached schools, government institutions, rural departments and private companies in regency level, province level and national level. Throughout the year 2007-

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2009, Bulletin ’Sumpitan’ was printed as many as 2,000 exemplars for each edition. From 2010 until now, the number of printing was increased to 2011 exemplars for each edition. Project also published calendar in every early year with pictures and information about activities of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem Conservation. The calendars were distributed to schools, government institutions, non-government organizations, small shops, stores, restaurants and public places located in Kotawaringin Barat regency and Sukamara area even until to province level areas. Project had printed four editions of calendar which were calendar of year 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. The calendar was printed as many as 750 exemplars every year. Calendar of year 2011 sized 30x45 cm. The MELU Team always gave notebooks as gift of quiz every visit to school. This notebooks were printed by Project with pictures of orangutan on the notebook covers and with back covers containing information about the condition of forests in Kalimantan. The Project had printed as many as 3,000 exemplars of notebooks.

These notebooks were meant to be media for activity of Lamandau River wildlife reserve ecosytem conservation targeted for the students. Since the beginning of activity, Project always involved in several exhibitions related to the activities of Lamandau river wildlife reserve Ecosystem conservation.

Several exhibitions could be in regency level, province level, national level or even international level. The involvement in exhibitions had a direct impact on promotion of Project’s activities.

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Because of involvement of Project in Exhibition of Farmer Groups and Mainstay Fishermen in Province level of Central Kalimantan which was held in Sukamara dated July 28 – August 4, 2010, many people visited Demonstration Plot of Compost Production in Pudu village in Sukamara regency. In the exhibition, the result of demonstration plot such as vegetable plants and horticulture plants were displayed.

One of national exhibitions which had been followed by Project was Indonesian Environment Week which was supported by EC and held by EC- Indonesia FLEGT Support Project in 2007. The Project also joined in booth of FLEGT to participate in exhibition of Indogreen Forestry Expo which was held by Forestry Department of RI. The exhibition which themed Save the Forest, Save the World was held in April 14-17, 2009 in Jakarta Convention Centre. Awareness on Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve ecosystem in international level was improved through distribution of publication materials to institutions and related international media such as distributing newsletters, leaflets and other publication materials produced by Orangutan Foundation. Orangutan Foundation always renewed its website in routine about issues and achievements related with the activities of Project. Orangutan Foundation also worked on enhancement effort of Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem conservation together with conservation organization network and with other international donors.

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Main Achievement of Effective Project Management Activity Activities of Effective Project Management were divided into two sub-activities. First is activity to manage project administration effectively and second is activity to control and to audit the finance effectively. The effective administration is featured in Annual Work Plan and Annual Work Report. These two products were submitted by Project Management Team to get approval from BKSDA (Natural Resources Conservation Bureau) and to be submitted to Delegation of European Union in Jakarta. The audit will be conducted to ensure the transparency of project activities and compliance of project activities to the procedures of EC about transparency of all project funded by European Community General Budget. Audit of finance was conducted in routine by independent agency and positive results were achieved until the end of project.

Effective Project Administration

Good relationship and partnership with government institutions and the main stakeholders is also priority in the implementation of project activities. In the beginning of each year, the Project Management Team produced Annual Work Plan as manual of activities during annual period. This annual work plan serves as direction for the work team that matches with the project goals

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and focuses on project achievement. Project team produced Annual Work Plan after sessions of discussion with stakeholders. When done, it will be presented to the Head of BKSDA of Central Kalimantan to acquire input and approval. The Head of BKSDA of Central Kalimantan will then formally approved the Annual Work Plan. The Five Year Work Plan for Period of 2007-2011 was approved by the Head of BKSDA of Central Kalimantan on March 15, 2007. The Quarter Report, Annual Report and Five-Yearly Report were distributed to stakeholders. The activities during five-year project implementation were also reported in the Multi Stakeholders Meeting of ‘Ceremony of Project Closing’ on December 13, 2011. Project also supported BKSDA of Central Kalimantan in conducting three activities of Monitoring & Evaluation of Project activities, which were held in April 29-30, 2008; October 10-11, 2009; August 20-21, 2010. Management of Project administration constitutes one of the main concerns. Since the beginning of activity, Project noticed contract requirements, laws and policy available in Indonesia. All staff received their salary every month in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations and received health and life insurance through the social security program (Jamsostek). Project reported and paid the Annual Tax (PPH Article 21) and Monthly Tax in the Tax Office in Pangkalan Bun, Kotawaringin Barat regency. All staff whose salaries were taxed article 21 hold NPWP/Taxpayer Subject Number Card. In order to ensure the smoothness of project implementation, operational support services were procured in compliance with project budget. All required equipments were purchased in accordance with the procedures of tender of Indonesian government and in compliance with project administration policy. Project purchased two units of car through open tender process in January 2008. The tender was won by car dealer PT. Murni Berlian Motors. The tender announcement was posted in two national newspapers (The Jakarta Post and Bisnis Indonesia), and one local newspapers (Borneonews), and in website of Orangutan Foundation. Project then received one unit of Pick Up Light Weight Car in February 2008, and one unit 4WD car in May 2008. Approaching to the project closing, all activities and all facilities/assets of project were officially handed over to the related parties in Handover Ceremony, which was authorized with the Signing of Official Report. The Handover Ceremony of Demonstration Plot of Mixed Garden to the Tempayung village officials was held on November 17, 2011. The assets handed over were 474 rubber plants of pb 260, 170 local rubber plants, 200 fruit plants, hoes, rickshaws, and generator sets.

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The Handover Ceremony of Demonstration Plot of Compost Production to the regency government of Sukamara was held on November 23, 2011. The assets handed over were compost production house, production staff homestay, learning hall, and compost processing machine.

The Handover Ceremony of Guard Posts and Reforestation to BKSDA of Central Kalimantan was held in December 5, 2011. The assets handed over were four guard posts (Mangkung Post, Seberang Gajah Post, Danau Burung Post, and Sungai Pasir Post) along with the equipments. The reforestation assets handed

over were 71,817 trees already planted inside the site, 20,646 trees planted in buffer zone, and 22,801 planted in site border. All inventories of Project office in Sukamara were handed over to Green Organization, PKK/Empowerment and Family Welfare Group, and Farmer Group of Berkat Betuah which was held in December 28, 2011. The assets handed over were computers, printers, one set of meeting table, one set of desk and book shelves. All vehicles and inventories in Project office in Pangkalan Bun were handed over to Yayorin in December 31, 2011. Assets handed over were two units of car, three units of motorbike, one unit of motor tricycle, one unit speedboat, three units laptop, four units printers, camera and GPS. Project Management Team also produced Final Report during Five-Year Project along with three external reports (External Evaluation, Reforestation, History of Illegal Logging), and three internal reports (Reforestation, Project Demonstration, and Project Internal Evaluation) which were distributed to the stakeholders.

Financial Control and Audit

It is very important for the Project to always be open to independent control regarding effectiveness of activities in the field and the proper and accurate reporting about achievement of activities in formal format. The project is contractually bound to involve in the process of financial audit conducted by auditor agency. This audit is important to notice the compliance of procedures

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and standard of EC. The auditor agency was selected through tender process in accordance with the EC procedures written in European Community-financed Grant Contracts for External Actions. This procedure is visible to the public in EC website: (http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/tender/Practical_Guide

Project ensured that the expenditures throughout each year were financially audited as soon as the year ended. The selection of auditor agency was through the tender process which was won in December 2007 by Kingston Smith LLP, an international financial auditor company in London. The financial audit result was the base of provision of funds for the next work plan year. The first financial audit was formally started on May 26, 2008. This audit covered the first year period, from January 1, 2007 until December 31, 2007. The Project also supported European Union to do Monitoring & Evaluation of Project with the system of Result Oriented Monitoring Mission (ROM) which was held on October 27-29, 2008 and November 3-6, 2009; Lesson Learnt Mission on November 6-8, 2009; and Supervision Mission on November 7-12, 2009.

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The views of the Parties

Minister of Forestry, Zulkifli Hasan “Drawing on a variety of experiences and lessons from project activities over the period from 2007-2011, activities for the management of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem in the coming years can become more focused and optimal, which in the end will not only be able to preserve its flora and fauna, but also be of real benefit to the communities" (Quoted from the Foreword).

Governor of Central Kalimantan, Agustin Teras Narang “The process of preparation of the Long Term Management Plan of the Lamandau

River Wildlife Reserve has been involved related parties. This is a good form of synergy between government, private, and community” (Quoted from the Letter

of Support for Management Plan)

Head of BKSDA Central Kalimantan, Mega Hariyanto "the importance of orangutans in terms of philosophy as creatures of God that has a function for the environment. Ability of the orangutan to rehabilitate the forest is quite large. Currently, we rely on the commitment of the community,

large corporations, mines and plantations" Chief of Investigation Section, Forest Service of Kobar, Baka Salupuk "Personally I am grateful to the team who are concerned with the environment. This project supports the government program. This project has established good cooperation with NGOs both locally and internationally. This approach is good and if not supported by local governments would be in vain, and no maximum.

Head of Division for Environmental Education, the Environment Agency of Kobar, Restuningsih

"Strongly support the preservation of the environment. Form cross-sector cooperation, coordination of information and data. Lamandau River Wildlife

Reserve is our assets which must be maintained. Hope that this cooperation can continue."

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Department of Forestry and Plantations of Sukamara, Anwari Delmi "I consider that the cooperation between NGOs and governments already

well established. Socialization is good enough. I attended several meetings in Sukamara. Local governments have limitations while required a sacrifice to

raise awareness. To keep the preservation of the environment, local government still needs partners.

Head of SKW II BKSDA Central Kalimantan, Anton Wahyudi “The project has worked and helps the main task of BKSDA in the field, either directly or indirectly. Direct assistance, such as the assignment of staff in guard post, and indirect such as socialization and community empowerment”.

BKSDA Central Kalimantan, Ade Suharso

“The tremendous experience of cooperation and valuable, BKSDA at section level can cooperate with international NGOs. Typically, a form of cooperation with

foreign countries is between governments. Project management is also a long-term, with major issues such as reserve management, in contrast to

environmental programmes made by others”.

Head of Babual Baboti Village, Injan "The project did a lot of worthwhile activities. There are many villagers who do not know the rules or do not know the kinds of protected animals, do not know

the restrictions to enter into the reserve. So they still get into the reserve without the permission of the BKSDA Central Kalimantan.

Head of Tempayung Village, Eson “Project activities, has brought changes. Villager becomes bolder to speak and coordinate with village officials. They are able to complain and many needs are facilitated and assisted. Thanks to the project, some of villager can follow the comparative study of rubber plants to PTPN XIII in Palangkaraya.”

Director of Yayorin, Eddy Santoso "Cooperation between Yayorin, OF, and BKSDA for the implementation of

projects of LRWR conservation, though it lasted 5 years, but still in early stages, and sustainability need to be maintained. I believe that all projects, although the

concept is good, if there is no monitoring, it will not leave anything, just a beautiful story at the time.”

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Pantung-rubber Tapper from Kubu Village, Afendi "Education team has conducted socialization to the tappers about conservation in

LRWR. We cooperate under the coordination of camp and guard post staff to clean the river. In addition, we also help to extinguish when forest fires occur.

Green Organization, Student of Class 3 SMAN 1 Sukamara, Iskandar, 17 years “One memorable experience was when I followed the training of cadres at Danau Burung. Stay for three days and two nights. During the training period, we draw on a range of knowledge such as bird watching, land navigation, and water biota. In addition, practice to using a compass and GPS, to know the natural water which safe to eat. It is exciting and unforgettable.”

Chief of Police of Kotawaringin Lama Sector, Adjunct Commissioner of Police, AKP Marselino

The social impact has been remarkable. The farmers have already lost their land; they sell it to oil palm plantations in expansive. Possible conflicts between

communities with a LRWR border. Social problems need to be solved. If only law enforcement, it would not be completed. Besides the government, the role of

NGOs is also needed.

Mendawai-Sukamara Farmer, Tumiran "With the assistance of the Project, gets a lot of benefits. Previously, I worked as

a builder which is insufficient for the cost of children and grandchildren. But now I have an income of about Rp 150 thousand per-days with a sedentary farming.

Vice Principal, SMPN 4 Arut Selatan, Sony Yardawati “MELU Team had twice come to the school. First time is in 2010 with film screenings. Student becomes enthusiastic. Materials related to environmental conservation in Indonesia. Teach to be closer to the environment, as well as teaching student to maintain the cleanliness of the school environment.”

Student of Class 8, SMP 4 Arut Selatan, Mauriska Pitria, 12 years “Get the material on orangutan conservation as well as detailed knowledge about

the disease of endangered species. The material provided in fun with exciting games.”

Student of Class 7, SMP 4 Arut Selatan, Rizal Januar, 12 years

“I've got the materials on the protection of wildlife and visit the Tanjung Putri village. Youth Camp is memorable experience, when to plant 100 trees. In fact, so far I am less comfortable with science lessons, because the material is text only.”

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lessons learned

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Lessons Learned of Activity of Protection of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve Ecosystem Achievement of protection activities of LRWR ecosystem can be achieved through the support from many parties, from governments, corporations, and communities. The project succeeded in building a good relationship so that almost all activities of protection of LRWR ecosystem related to parties or other institutions have been successfully implemented.

Routine patrols are the main activities of protection of LRWR ecosystem. Patrols carried out once a week at each guard post. So every day patrols in different post, with a seven-day cycle, with a range of patrol of about five kilometers from the location of guard post. The project has been operate seven guard post during project

implementation, i.e. the Teringin Lama Post, Mangkung Post, Rasau Post, Danau Burung Post, Perapat Post, Seberang Gajah Post, and the Buluh Post. The next Pos, which are Sungai Pasir Post was built in November 2011 and was completed in early 2012. Danau Burung Post and Sungai Pasir Post located in the Sukamara District, and the six other post in the area of Kotawaringin Barat. Guard posts are a center for patrol staff to conduct roving patrols in terms of protecting the LRWR ecosystem. For 24 hours, the patrol staff on guard at post and never leave empty. Patrols on land carried by car, bike or on foot. While in the territorial waters, patrolling is done by using a speedboat and kelotok-boat with focus on the canals which are vulnerable to illegal activities. Canals were then closed because it could be access to get into the reserve. The perpetrators of forest crimes will go into the reserve through the canals. There are

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three rivers are prone to illegal logging ie Buluh River, Rasau River, and Mangkung River. Now, three of these rivers can be considered safe because already covered with daffodils trees. When conducting patrols, staffs are equipped with a GPS unit and digital camera. This equipment helps the effectiveness of surveillance and law enforcement in the LRWR Ecosystem. Replacement and addition of a variety of post equipment that is damaged conducted continually. One unit of speedboat, three units of kelotok-boats, solar power, and radio communications regularly serviced every three months. Routine servicing is required in order to maintain the quality of goods.

Patrols conducted by the team have been able to prevent the illegal logging. Since the patrols carried out when the project began, the discovery of the theft of wood become less. In 2010 and 2011, the discovery of illegal logging was not found. This is down when compared with the year 2007, which in that year still found 12 cases, five cases in 2008, and three cases in 2009.

Patrols are conducted by the project seriously sometimes conflict with community, which was not previously aware of to the objectives of the Project activities. Conflicts that arise can be resolved by the Project with a meeting between the parties to provide an understanding of the purpose and benefits of project activities to the community. One of the patrol which caused a bit of tension is the discovery of illegal logs in Sukamara in 2009. At that time, guard post staff of the Project and the forest-police of BKSDA Central Kalimantan found 16 cubic of illegal logs in Danau Burung area, Sukamara. Police later arrested three actors at the location of illegal logs. Items that are evidence of the crime include 16 cubic timber, one unit trucks, and chainsaw. Police Resort of Sukamara processes the case until the suspects were convicted and imprisonment. Unfortunately, some villagers of Sungai Pasir which

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has a relative of one of the actors thought that the project which makes the perpetrators are in prison, and asking the Project to release them. The project soon holds a meeting and invited the village government officials, villagers of Sungai Pasir, Forest Service, and Resort Police to discuss this issue. In a community meeting held at the Sungai Pasir Village Hall, at that time, Project Liaison Officer, Astri Rozanah Siregar could provide an explanation on the scope of the Project. Astri also confirmed that the project was not authorized to take action against or freeing the actors who tangled legal case. Representatives from the Resort Police of Sukamara also insist that it is the police authority to bring an action on illegal logging. “Initially the meeting was tense but the situation become calm after the meeting," said Astri. Villager of Sungai Pasir has been able to understand about the task and the purpose of conservation activities on LRWR ecosystems. Later, the government village assist and support the various activities of the Project. In May 2008, the patrol team found cases of encroachment area in the form of agricultural land clearing activities for rice and vegetables in the area of Rasau River which is about 10 kilometers from the Rasak Camp. Encroachment is done by one family from the Babual Baboti village. At that time the team has give directions and ask them to get out of the reserve. Warning signs of a ban to not open the land has also been installed in the area.

This encroachment activity continued until the end of 2010. Encroachment area is now increasing rapidly to about eight acres. While on patrol in 2010, the team has met with 10 people of the encroachers, which consisted of the eight men and two women. They live in two huts which had been built. The team found three of keruing trees (Dipterocarpus), a

newly felled by the encroachers to build a hut which will be used to store grain.

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The encroachers claimed to have been farming in the LRWR since 2006, and when it does they do not know about the status of the reserve. SKW II BKSDA Central Kalimantan continues to strive to seek a way out to get them out of the reserve with a persuasive manner which does not cause further conflict. To streamline the surveillance for the people who entered the area, the Project has built a gate/portal. Gate was built in front of three guard posts in the three major rivers, which have access to get into and out from LRWR, ie Rasau Post,

Mangkung Post, and Teringin Post. People who activities in the river usually panting-tappers and fishermen. Guard Post staffs are always checking tolls and equipment they carry to get into the reserve. In addition to building a portal gate, the Project has also made a warning sign (signboard) installed in front of guard post about the

prohibition to carry out illegal activities in and surrounding of the reserve. Since 2007, SKW II BKSDA Central Kalimantan has granted a limited permit to the surrounding community to tap pantung-rubber and to take the fish. Before entering the reserve and conduct their activities, the tappers and fishermen need to show a Certificate of Work permit (SKB) which has been made and issued by SKW II BKSDA Central Kalimantan. Certificate of Work permit issued by BKSDA for tappers which are perform activities inside reserve. BKSDA has issued a permit for the 67 tapper and 16 fishermen who worked on the three rivers, ie the Teringin River, Buluh River, and Rasau River. Wildlife and human conflict was inevitable because of each other contact between them in the reserve. Project realize that the conflict between orangutans with tappers and fishermen in the reserve is likely to occur, which is in the area of the Buluh River and Rasau River, as well as with the encroachers who farming in the area of the Rasak River.

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To reduce the occurrence of conflict, the Project has conducted a variety of socialization, to raise community awareness about the importance of preservation of the LRWR ecosystem. Socialization for panting-tappers and fishermen has been done by MELU Team in community awareness activities. The tappers still be allowed to enter the reserve but with restrictions. Projects do not want to fence off LRWR without any human contact. Socialization for tappers about the importance of LRWR conservation to environment and human is continued to do.

In addition to pantung-tappers, economic activities in communities living around the reserve are fishermen. The fishermen set fish-traps in the river near the guard post. As well as tappers, the fishermen who enter the reserve also must obtain permit from BKSDA. Usually they attract fish at night. Every fisherman who violates the

rules will be excluded of the reserve by the staff of post. They sometimes carry batteries which will be channeled to the river to kill the fish through the stun. "Because it is forbidden, we have several times forbid them to go," said Rojau, one of the guard post staff. One of the fishermen locations to install fishing net is in the canal in between Mangkung Post and Rasau Post. On February 2010, we identified eleven channels which are along the stream of river, between Mangkung Post and Rasau Post. “This channel can be a way into the reserve especially when the water in," said Jakir. Central Kalimantan is often hit by fires during the dry season. Instead, the rain that often falls is would be very helpful in preventing fires. During the dry season strike in early June 2011, a fire destroyed about 400 hectares of LRWR reforestation in Sukamara. Strong winds and lack of water making the patrol and reforestation team have difficulty to extinguish the fire.

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Three fires which is Buluh River region, in the Perapat and Teringin Lama, as well as in the west/Sukamara have been successfully extinguished. Widespread fires in the Buluh River are approximately 39 hectares, in the Perapat and Teringin Lama is approximately nine hectares, and in the west is about four hectares. Survey to calculate the burned area conducted together with SKW II-BKSDA Kalteng.

Sometimes, fires often occur due to human activity. The project has given a warning in the form of seven banners on appeal so as not to burn the forest. Seven banners have been installed in front of LRWR guard post. In addition to the signboard, each guard post also has a simple tool to repel fire. Unfortunately, sometimes this

equipment is not enough to stop the fire. In a fire in June 2011 at Danau Burung area, the guard post staffs are only able to protect the guard post from the brunt of the fire. Visibility is only about 10 meters. It was the dry season, and water supplies are very limited. Community Care of Fire which has been established by the Project in six villages in Kobar and Sukamara is expected to also be able to reduce the number of forest fires and land, particularly in rural lands or on the border between the reserve and villages. One of the successes of cooperation with local government is the area increase of LRWR. The addition has been entered in the Map of the Proposed Amendment to the Forest Zone in the revision to the Regional Spatial Plan of Central Kalimantan Province in 2009. On the map, the eastern part of the reserve is now seen already entered to be part of the LRWR area. The proposal to increase the area of the reserve was initiated by the Project in December 2008. The Project submits a written proposal to the evaluation team of the Central Kalimantan Spatial Plan revision to increase the area of LRWR in the east. Part of the reason given in the proposal is partly because the LRWR area has

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been reduced after the definitive boundaries in 2005 so the missing area should be replaced. In addition, the area is still forested and peat land. The project effort was continued with a meeting with the Minister of Forestry, MS Kaban, on April 28, 2009. During the meeting, the Project expressed the hope that if the LRWR area has changed according to the new Regional Spatial Plan of the Central Kalimantan Province, the Minister may issue a new decree on the area changes of LRWR including changes to the status of production forest land which became LRWR. The project hoped that the addition of area of LRWR is really true and passed in the text of Central Kalimantan Spatial Planning. The Provincial Spatial Plan of the Central Kalimantan, the District Spatial Plan of the Kotawaringin Barat and Sukamara is not completed and ratification continues to hold. In fact, this is an important issue for the project because the basis of perception to the location of the boundary region of LRWR. In addition, another important achievement is the signing of the Declaration of Support for Preservation of LRWR Ecosystem on November 8, 2010. This declaration was signed by the District Government of Kobar and Sukamara along with other community elements. As a follow up of the signing of the Declaration, the District Government of Kobar and Sukamara also agreed to collaborate in preparing the LRWR Management Plan for Period 2011-2020.

Two palm oil companies which location of the plantation adjacent to LRWR area has agreed on a buffer zone within 500 meters of the outer boundary of the LRWR region. Sungai Rangit Company and Bumitama Gunajaya Abadi Company have been committed not to plant oil palm in the buffer zone. Initially, the project received a

report from the community that the two palm oil companies allegedly clearing land in the buffer zone of the reserve. The project then worked to ensure the truth of the report. The team deployed to conduct a field survey. Information from the field then re-examined through the mapping of the reserve. “After

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ensuring the correctness of information, we sent letters to the companies concerned," said Astri Rozanah Siregar. After checking for the Perapat area have been carried out, proved that the company has clearing the land in the buffer zone of LRWR. After checking, the management of the Sungai Rangit Company, BKSDA Central Kalimantan, and the Project then signed the Minutes. The same request also submitted to Bumitama Gunajaya Abadi (BGA) Company which operates in the north-east of LRWR. Project and the company held a meeting to discuss the location of the border between the reserve and their plantations. A few weeks after the meeting, together, also conducted a field check and invited officials of Sub District of Kotawaringin Lama to come.

Approval of the two companies then followed by holding the meeting which included government officials of Kobar and Sukamara in June 2009. Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of LRWR which appears on the advice of the Head of Central Kalimantan BKSDA, Mega Hariyanto, is the basis of the birth of the Memorandum of Agreement on LRWR Buffer Zone.

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In addition, the construction of a fence of the scouts which was built near Danau Burung guard post and enters into the reserve of LRWR has also been completed. Department of Education, Youth and Sports of Sukamara Government District at meeting in April 2009 has been willing to remove 18 hectares of scout’s area which go into the reserve. Budget for its remove is entered into the 2009 ABT Budget of the activities of Department of Education, Youth and Sports. According to the Liaison Officer/Acting Programme Manager, Astri Rozanah Siregar, cooperation is established because of good faith from many parties. To achieve such good faith is by knowing each other and mutual understanding between agencies and organizations. Since the beginning, the Project has been socialize to introduce the project activities, both at the village, district, provincial, and national level. Regular visits to government offices and related agencies are also routinely performed. According to the Astri observations, the development of an understanding of the project in community has changed drastically. Most of the villager are still questioning regarding the project identity and the project objectivity in 2007-2008. Now, community who proposed the idea of a buffer zone while the preparation of LRWR Long Term Management Plan. In addition to socialization, Astri also said that the trust will be easily obtained by showing the real work. "Do not just promise, prove it with real work," said Astri. Lessons Learned from activity of Capacity building within local government and rural communities

The conservation of LRWR ecosystems achieved due to the support of community. This support is achieved because the community and the parties are always involved in various activities conducted by the Project. The project puts community as a subject which is involved in long-term planning and the achievement of sustainable

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development concept. Community is getting aware that their welfare and future generations are dependent on ecological services which are obtained from an intact forest ecosystem and that works well. Learn the past experience is indeed useful for learning in today, which has done by Yayorin in approaching community when starting the activity. Before engaging in the project, Yayorin education team has been moving around in the Tanjung Putri Village (2003-2005) and Sukamara (2005-2006). Experience in this village 2003 is quite impressive. At that time, most residents of the Tanjung Putri village still working as illegal loggers so their antipathy to socialization on forest conservation conducted by Yayorin. "Villagers cast us out," said Eddy Santoso, which at the beginning of the Project served as Manager of Education 2007-2009 period. Learning from experience, the MELU team (which serves as an educator, community organizer, and facilitator of agriculture) commenced with persuasive methods of approach and intensive. The way the approach taken is a method of living with community (live in). By living together in villages, we are free to make personal approach to community leaders and villagers. "Intensive meetings every morning, noon, and night," said Eddy. It was in 2007, a team consisting of three persons, ie Eddy, Herry Tri Joko, and Indra Irwansyah. Herry and Indra now does not work in Yayorin and in the Project. In addition to raising approach to the parents, the team also made approaches to the children. Children are encouraged to maintain the cleanliness of the village, make a nursery on the used-glass, and planting. "The approach to the children, make the parents more accepting us," said Eddy. The second area which visited is the Tempayung village and the Babual Baboti village, which location of both is adjacent. Both of this village has a different character with Tanjung Putri Village whose populations are from Malays ethnic. Tempayung and Babual Baboti villagers derived of Kaharingan-Dayak tribe. In 2007, a MELU team entered the Tempayung and Babual Baboti village with the method of living with community (live in). Tempayung Villagers more

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approachable if compared with Baboti Babual which is rather difficult to receive information from the outside. For three months, the team lived with the community and builds approach to the village chief who was held by Pak Sudul. "We asked Pak Sudul to hold a community meeting which brings the villagers," said Eddy. Several meetings have been successfully performed. However, in the meeting, citizens are quieter. The team still did not give up and continue eager. Moments of Independence Day August 17, 2007 used to garner a sense of closeness of villagers. The MELU team invites villager to celebrate Independence Day, which was 10 years was never carried out. Villagers welcomed the celebration activities. Some young men and children are willing to join as the organizers for the activity. On that time we facilitated the celebration of Independence Day by holding various competitions followed by the entire community. "For us it's a big change," said Eddy. The live in method still continued until now. Community Organizer continues to work in that method to organize and facilitate the target villages. M Rozi, 50 years, working with the project since January 2009, while Akhmad Fauzi joined since February 2011 replacing the previous staff who had resigned. During their duties, Rozi live in the project office in the Sukamara District. This office is used to facilitate regular meetings with government officials and stakeholders in the Sukamara district, or a place to work of Land Manager when he returned from the field. Office is also the basis for the meeting of environmental cadres, Green Organization, including opening a small library.

Meanwhile, Ahmad Fauzi and facilitator of agriculture lived in the Tempayung village, and their work areas are in four villages in the Kobar District. Tempayung village lends the village facilities for their residence, which is the Poly-clinic which was empty. The project staff has stay in this clinic since 2007.

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In the process approach to community, there are many factors that influence, related community response to the project. There are still some villagers who are less enthusiastic to get involved or to follow the Project activities. They usually do not have land to farm because it was sold or leased to oil palm companies for the long term. And if they had, the land is not wide. So they hoped to still be able to take forest products from LRWR to earn money.

Villagers are less enthusiastic to accept the project as it is considered to deter them in taking of forest products from LRWR. "The question of boundaries is also often questioned," said Edi, agricultural facilitators. Even so, community organizer and facilitator of agriculture continue to work to make approaches to community. Community meetings held regularly every month which facilitated by a Community Organizer who communicates intense with the villagers. Through intensive communication, some people are interested to cooperate as in activities in the Demonstration Project on Mixed Farming in the Tempayung.

Routinely, community meeting organized in eight main villages which became the target. Target villages in the Kotawaringin Barat District are Tempayung, Babual Baboti, Terantang, and Tanjung Putri. Four other villages are in Sukamara District which is Pudu, Kartamulya, Natai Sedawak, and Sungai Pasir.

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The main purpose of community meetings is to increase the capacity of rural communities on agriculture and community organizing. During 2010, the Project has been held 60 community meeting in the eight target villages in Kotawaringin Barat (36 times) and Sukamara (24 times).

Farmer from the Tanjung Terantang village, Sukarni, claimed to have received benefits from agriculture facilitation conducted by the project. "Getting knowledge about how to grow rice and farming in a better way," he said. The same expressed come from Sulaeman, 45, also villager of Tanjung Terantang. He joined Gelugur Jaya Farmers Group who has an active member of as many as 12 people. He confesses that regularly he has been following farmers groups meeting. Through the meeting, the group discussed various issues about agriculture. "We work together to solve our problem," said Sulaeman. He has a land of two hectares planted with coconut, banana, vegetables, chili, and cucumber. Besides farming, he also trade by opening a grocery shop to meet the needs of family life.

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In addition to community meetings, the project also organized a multi stakeholders meeting. These meetings bring together community from the target villages with officials from government agencies and other stakeholders. Multi stakeholders meeting organized by the Liaison Officer, assisted by a Community Organizer and MELU team. Each meeting will bring government officials from the relevant agencies or other sources-person/speaker if needed. The goal is to build the network among villages, government agencies, and the speaker.

On February 2010, the Project has started operating the Composting Demonstration Project on an area of 7946 meters in Pudu Village, Sukamara. Demonstration project is to fix the problem about the limitations of fertilizer and contribute in village waste management. Demonstration project aims are to give

an example to the community about the fatherly way to make compost and settled farming. Previously, farmer in Sukamara is having difficulty to buy an expensive of chemical fertilizers and urea fertilizers. Through meetings with the farmers then jointly decided to establish pilot

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sites for composting and small demonstration land as a place to apply the compost product. Farmers Group in Sukamara are now able to make their compost using manure from animal waste. In addition, compost also use organic waste such as agricultural waste, leaves, protein chemical elements, and the addition of IM4 bacteria. Farmer groups that have been making compost in their land are: Sumber Makmur in Pudu Village, dan Berkat Bersama in Terantang Hamlet of Natai Sedawak Village. They make compost in the cowshed. Mekar Sari Farmers Group in Natai Sedawak Village also made a pilot for a liquid fertilizer. The District Government through the Office of Environmental has committed to supplying organic waste to the composting site. A total of seven farmers' groups has routinely been to Composting Demonstration Plot. Demonstration Project is also a model for various types of short-lived plants. Agricultural assistance provided including the theory of control of pests and diseases of vegetables. "Introduced on anti-pest-friendly environment," said Rozi, community organizer who duty in Sukamara. Practice field for local content is also done in demonstration plots. During the activities of local content, a composting demonstration plot area used for the practice field. In addition to the compost demonstration plots, the Project is also building a mixed farm demonstration plots in Tempayung Village, Kotawaringin Barat. The proposal for this demonstration plots appear at a meeting of the parties, who are looking for solutions in dealing with fires around the LRWR area.

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One cause of the fire is the result of shifting cultivation activities with a slash and burn. The proposal for this demonstration plots appear at a meeting of the parties, who are looking for solutions in dealing with fires around the LRWR area. One cause of the fire is the result of shifting cultivation activities with a slash and burn. Demonstration Plot development is expected to change the system of shifting cultivation, which is turned into the field settled without burn. Changing the behaviour of the villagers who are used to slash and burn is not easy. "We continue to campaign and realize this is a process that takes the intensity and patience," said Eddy Santoso. Demonstration plots for the first time introduced in the form of mixed farms with a household scale. "Making the garden around the home," said Ryandoko, Lead Educator. But the effort is less successful because of the disruption of animals which live in the surrounding villages such as pigs and cows. In 2008, the village government of Tempayung then lend the land with an area of about three acres. The land given was similar to the forest which covered a variety of trees. Together with the villagers, project clears the land and building. Planting process begins by planting 18 trees including rubber, durian, kerantungan (type of durian), pahpahan, cempedak, jackfruit, rambutan, kelambayaou, and olive. Seeds obtained from the villagers. In addition, the government was poised to give assistance, including 400 trees from the Forest Service. Vegetable crops grown in the demonstration plots can be harvested routinely and enjoyed by the villagers. Jured, assistant facilitator of agriculture have experienced that settled farming is more profitable. "The result can be calculated with the obvious," he said. He's got a lot of knowledge and expertise from practice and work on demonstration plots. Previously, Jured worked as a truck driver who knew nothing about farming. First, his family farm by shifting cultivation but now have started to follow him to settled farming. By the end of 2010, as many as 118 families in the Babual Baboti village who has been mix-farming on their land. Meanwhile, in the Tempayung village, there were 39 families of 58 families. Although they've tried to manage the land permanently, there are still villagers who clear land by burning.

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According to village head of Tempayung, Eson, now many of villagers have adopted or changed to a system of permanent-farms. Community is increasingly aware that the Tempayung Village become lower over the trees and the emergence of hot air, and water resources are shrinking. "We strongly support the efforts of tree planting and mix-farming without slash and burn," said Eson. There are several target villages that face of flood as a barrier in their agricultural activities, such as Tanjung Putri and Terantang. Flooding problems have serious consequences for the continuity of the program of sustainable economic development. When flood, agricultural activity is stopped and switched to the breeding of fish. In 2009, flood attacked the Tanjung Terantang village and Tanjung Putri as much as 4-5 times throughout the year. The occurrence of floods, making the farmers becomes discouraged. A farmer from the Tanjung Putri, Usub had trauma and chose to work in oil palm plantations. He had two crop failures because of floods which contains salt water. Flooding occurs outside normal prediction, which occurs once, in a period of 5-6 years. In coping with flooding, agricultural facilitators and community organizer has been tried to cope with flooding by making the embankment in the way of the fields in Tanjung Putri village. Embankment are built has helped to reduce acid levels by reducing the tide which will enter into the fields. However, the levees could not block the water when a big flood. The project provides training and demonstration about the breeding of fish in the pond. Initially, the project makes demonstration plots for carp pond with a total of 200 fish, with an area of the pond about 3 meters x 5 meters and 1.5 meters deep. "With this sample, then the villagers can more easily to follow," said Edi, a facilitator of agriculture for the Kotawaringin Barat. In addition to building a demonstration pond, agricultural facilitators and community organizer also gave guidance on how to care for fish seed and take care of the pond. According to Edi, the village land has peat with a kind of acidic water. "So we need additional fresh water to be had from the well bore," said Edi. According to the Village Head of Terantang, Mulyadi, project activities which have been implemented since 2007 has helped the village for solve problems, among them, is in the flood.

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Mulyadi was following the suggestions of the project to build a fish pond with a size of 5 x 10 meters in his land behind his house. This fish pond, when harvest was producing 1.5 quintals of tilapia and catfish. The crop then sold and partly eaten by his family. After the calculation of costs, profits reached Rp 1.5 million in a period of about 5 months. Tanjung Terantang village have 8-9 farmers group. Farmer groups can be formed, because they shared the same destiny, which is due to land affected by flooding. Mulyadi is a member of the Mekar Sari group that has 30 members. The majority of villagers have livelihoods as workers in oil palm plantations. The rest is working in construction, government, agriculture, and plantations. There are 1,000 villagers, consisting of Sundanese, Javanese, Maduranese, Dayak, Mendawai, and Banjar. Most of the villagers used to work as illegal loggers. Some of them had been arrested and detained so that they feel cured for do it again. Mbah Jo, 65, has three ponds of size 3 meters x 10 meters, a depth of about 1.5 meters. In June, Mbah Jo is building six new ponds. "Because of favorable results," she said. She began to build ponds in December 2010, which is filled with tilapia. Capital for buy seeds is approximately Rp 150,000 for 1,200 fish. Harvests fish is about six quintals or Rp 30 million while the price of fish is Rp 50,000 per kilo. In addition to taking care of fish, Mbah Jo is still farming with vegetables and chilli.

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In order to support the effective implementation of project activities, also conducted various training and study visits to increase the capacity of the parties especially the rural communities. Some of the activities of comparative studies which have been conduct are aimed to enhance the capabilities and expertise from the villagers in agriculture and plantations. Comparative studies that have been held among others are a comparative study to the PTPN XIII-Pangkalan Banteng, on a comparative study about the technique of pantung-rubber cultivation. Moreover, project also conduct training on how to made husk charcoal compost and the cultivation of pantung rubber.

Lessons Learned from Activity of Rehabilitating degraded forest land Activity of rehabilitation of degraded land in LRWR Ecosystem has reached the target at the end of 2010, which is about 179.5 hectares. Since its inception, the Project has a target to rehabilitate 150 hectares of LRWR land. Reforestation on LRWR has a very important role.

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Flora and fauna which live on degraded land in LRWR can be endangered especially if illegal logging continues. In fact, LRWR very unique as the abode of various types of animals, some of which is endemic or difficult to be found in other places all over the world. When the project commenced, the reforestation team also began to identify the locations, the land has been heavily degraded. Most of the area which is located in the Danau Burung and Perapat no longer can be said as the forest. As the majority of the area is composed of dry soil, sand, and burnt. Land degradation which occurred in LRWR happens because once the sites are logging place, both commercial (production forest) and illegal, and forest fires. Forest cover became less than optimal, the topsoil, it can be said is almost barren and the potential to a fire is very high.

Rehabilitation is a step to preserve the forest. Artificial forest rehabilitation through human effort will be able to provide benefits in addition to ensuring so that natural forest regeneration process is also running. Preservation of forests is also expected to affect the orangutan and other wildlife. In addition, a

lush forest will have a positive impact, people's lives in the vicinity, both in terms of economic, social, and reduce the impact from global warming.

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At the beginning, Project has conducted a survey during the week to identify land that needs to be rehabilitated in the LRWR region. Surveys conducted by the Friends of the National Parks Foundation (FNPF), a local non-governmental organization (NGOs) experienced in the field of forest regeneration. The survey has identified lands which need to be in reforestation, as well as tree species which is suitable for planting. Rehabilitation activities have also formed a partnership with the University of Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan, through CIMTROP institute (The Center for International Cooperation in Management of Tropical Peatlands). These institutions provide long-term input and share experiences on the rehabilitation and management of peat-lands in Central Kalimantan.

The project has planted 52 trees at Danau Burung and Perapat during 2008 to 2011. The selected plants are trees that already exist and grow inside the LRWR. The majority of species planted is belangeran, halaban, ubar putih, ubar samak papung, perapat, and medang. In the border areas, trees that

planted are coconut trees, areca-nut and banana. These trees also function as a 'living fence'. Even bananas also serve as firebreaks. For buffer areas, trees that planted are a species of fruit plant. In the buffer zone in Danau Burung, the most widely planted are mango, duku, rambutan, cempedak, jambu bol, jackfruit, rubber, durian, and idur. Meanwhile, species most widely planted in the buffer zone in Perapat are cashew, duku and rambutan. Tree species were also selected based on advice from CIMPTROP expert consultants which is species that suitable to plant in various degraded land. Various reasons such as seeds which have the potential, including the benefit to orangutans, helps in controlling the fire, have economic value, or it could be utilized by surrounding communities. "The seed is also widely grown around the forest area and easy to obtain by the community around," said Land Manager, Isam

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Isam said that the fruit plant is the most widely grown as have many functions. "As food for the orangutans," he said. Orangutan who eats the fruit will indirectly spread the seeds, naturally to another place. In addition to feeding the orangutan, to spread seed naturally, to mark the boundaries of the reserve, to firebreaks, and beneficial to the community who live around the reserve. For example, the banana tree which became firebreaks will also provide shade and can quickly produce organic waste. In addition, the project also planted various species tree with a valuable purpose to community around the reserve. The goal is to provide an economic resource so that community do not get into the reserve. Community dependence is expected will participate to maintain the sustainability of economic resources.

Dozens of small size poly bag has lined up neatly in the nursery at Danau Burung which is covered with plastic tarp. Stretched tarp would protect small seedlings from the sun in the month of June 2011. Seeds are a precursor trees to be planted in some degraded land in LRWR. Seeding is one of a series of rehabilitation activities in LRWR.

Nursery was built at the site which is suitable for treating and maintaining tree seedlings. In addition to Danau Burung Guard Post, the nursery was also built next to the Perapat Guard Post. Activities in the nursery include seed treatment, nursery care places, and replacement of damaged poly bag. Most of the seeds collected from the villages around the reserve such as the Natai Sedawak, Pudu, Sungai Pasir, and Kartamulya. The farmers who close to the

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post also collect seeds for sowing. "The community most give belangeran seeds, and fruits," said Isam. Seeding is necessary as direct planting are not able to guarantee the success grew at the planting site. In 2008, 1000 seeds of areca-nut trees have been planted directly in around Perapat, but then as many as 35 trees dead. The project recognizes the importance of percentage growth or life for reforestation plant. "So we try to sow in polybag first. We treated seed for a year then planted, "said Isam. Nursery places also facilitate the team to provide seeds of which there are many to be planted at the same time. Nursery site is located not far from the location of planting, ie at Danau Burung and Perapat. Nurseries have a big place with a size of 10x10 meters. Various activities were conducted nursery site, such as cleaning and cultivate the land, making seed-beds, shade, sow seeds, seedlings weaning, and maintenance of seedlings. Seeds are sown and nurtured in particular in a polybag with a medium soil (peat material was taken around it), and watered. Phase seedlings (seedling) to some species may require special maintenance.

Maintenance activities on the trees have been planted is done to achieve life success, and plant growth will be better. Some maintenance activities are included replanting, weeding, tilling, and fertilizing. Replanting plant is the act of re planting in to planting-hole that contains death-seed using the

same species. This action is performed to increase the percentage of living plant amounting to 75-80 percent. Weeding plant are undertaken to control weeds or competitor which disrupts plant. Weeding is done several times during the growing season until the trees are not bothered by weeds and competitor tree. These types of sandy land have been making some of the plant to be dead. In the early days of planting in 2008 located in Danau Burung in an area of one hectare that planted 400 seeds, and plant which then die are about 20 trees. Species of plants that die are belangeran, idur, and halaban. In the Perapat, also there are 27 dead trees from the 400 trees planted.

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Learning from experience, the team then improve the management of the land. Land around a sandy area in desperate need of tilling, the effort, to tilling the soil around the plants. This activity is useful to improve soil properties on a sandy land. Tilling is done by making a mound of soil organic matter or peat in some plant. In addition to tilling, the team also provide

fertilizer or compost. Before planting, several preparations made to the planting area, the goal is to prepare a better place to grow. Activities undertaken include land clearing, preparation of the planting hole; make the spacing, and depth of the planting hole which is about 10-30 centimeters. In addition, marker-making is also done to establish seedlings or as a sign of tree will be planted. Typically, the marker is made of bamboo wood or branches. Firstly, planting is done by open polybags which had been sown from seed. Seeds are then backfilled with soil or sand from locations in the vicinity.

Before planting, the plant holes are prepared in advance in a few days earlier. Spacing plant for all species is 5 x 5 meters, so that in one hectare then seedlings will be planted as many as 400 individuals. This distance was estimated on the growth of each species which will form a canopy. In addition to the activities involved in seed collection,

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the community also participate in making the nursery as well as in planting activities. "Great expectations that the surrounding communities will have a high sense of ownership to the reserve," said Astri. Each of the communities involved in tree planting, will get a wage of Rp 1,000 per tree. Meanwhile, every villager who gives seed will get a wage of $ 300 per tree. People who contribute to the reforestation activity derived from the buffer villages or villages closest to the reserve. Lessons Learned from Activity of Community-based education and awareness raising Community with an awareness of the environment is needed to maintain long-term sustainability of LRWR Ecosystem. To reach people who are aware, the Project has conducted a community-based awareness and education activities, conducted by Mobile Education and Library Uni (MELU) Team. The objectives of the activity are to increase awareness of conservation issues from the younger generation, people in the surrounding reserve, and the general community. Activities are visit villages, schools, government agencies, and private to provide material about the environment in the form of presentations, interactive discussions, and film screenings. In addition to traveling through education, the Project has conducted various activities to increase awareness about LRWR ecosystems, ranging from to increase awareness among the parties, the distribution of information through various media, or engage in various exhibitions, both national and international levels. A visit to the Village and School MELU team visit activities to schools and villages are to describe the importance and economic value of ecological services of the LRWR ecosystem. The program emphasizes the important role, and long-term benefits to be gained by local people if they support the sustainability of the LRWR ecosystem.

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Education Team of activities is to give awareness about the environment in the form of presentations, interactive discussions, and film screenings. Since 2007 until June 2011, Team has conducted visits to 23 village and 82 schools in Kobar District, Sukamara District, and Lamandau District. One school was visited more than once. The team put a visit to the village and school which is a buffer zone of LRWR, which includes 12 villages. Eight villages in the Kobar which are Mendawai, Mendawai Seberang, Kumpai Batu Bawah, Kotawaringin Hilir, Tanjung Putri, Terantang, Tempayung, and Babual Baboti. Four villages are in the Sukamara which are Sungai Pasir, Natai Sedawak, Kartamulya, and Pudu. In addition to the villages in the district of Kobar and Sukamara, in 2011, the MELU Team also visited three schools in Nangabulik, the upper reaches of the Lamandau River which are located in the Lamandau District.

Awareness of community living in the vicinity of the LRWR buffer zone is aimed to support the long-term sustainability of the LRWR ecosystem. Community who are aware of the importance of ecosystem are expected to maintain and do not damage the ecosystem. In the first year project, the team

socialize more on about the preservation of the LRWR ecosystem. At that time, the team also works to find data about the village that will get assistance. The team conducted a survey of the cultural, economic circumstances and villager education. In addition, the monitoring carried out on every issue and village dependence with SMSL. This stage is important to know the village. The introduction of the village continue to be made when the passage of the Project. The team was used to stay together (live in) for two to three days in the target villages. "There we stay in one of the houses, of course after report and requested permission from the village head or the government village," said Riyandoko, Education Manager. Staying in the village is making us more quickly to adapt with its village atmosphere and its inhabitants. "We can find out information from the official up to about gossip in the village," said Riyan.

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Visits to schools usually do on the first day in the village. Before doing the activity, the team will contact the school in the village to coordinate and ask for permission. Some villages have unique conditions and different from the others. During the project running from 2007 to 2011, Team did some changes of method for delivering information. Teams often make an evaluation and analysis

the educational methods which have been applied. "We did evaluate and minimize its shortcomings, seeking that the message given are attractive and effective," said Riyan. In 2007, the material presented is as a presentation on LRWR Ecosystem socialization, environmental film screenings, educational games, and hold a

library. The activity was conducted in the morning of about two hours. Since 2008, the team divided the activities into two sessions, namely sessions morning and afternoon. Morning session is filled with the provision of school materials, and the afternoon session with practice activities for students, such as observation of water biota, educative games, workshops, utilization of the former objects, such as recycled paper, and makes the trash bin from old paint cans. From 2011, the MELU Team then replace the material, in the afternoon session to be training for the (workshop) making short films with a environment themed. This short film is a medium of information, as well as methods of learning for school students. One of the triggers ideas of film making training are because it saw that the students has less and less interest to watch an environment movie collection with a foreign language.

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The students usually record the ambient conditions; they can look at it critically, about the environmental conditions. They also had no trouble to learn about the techniques to use digital cameras. In the process of film making, they get referrals from the MELU team. The team split the roles and directing students to serve as a director, actor, and screenwriter.

The students determine the theme of the movie. The facilitator does not specify the movie theme, it just directs. "Fishing their ideas by providing a variety of questions," said Educator, Muhammad Iqbal Abisaputra, or so-called Ibe. The process of film editing is still done entirely by the Educator. After going through the edit, the film students' work will be screened in outreach activities in the village. Extension activities in the village usually performed at last night's visit. Socialization program includes the presentation of material, environmental

film screenings, discussions, and quiz. Extension activities are usually done at night, outdoors, or in the village hall when the weather is bad.

When held an outdoors activity of film screening will received an enthusiastic welcome from the community like watch a wide screen. The event of watch the big screen is very well known in villages in Indonesia which has no cinema. Typically, wide screen will play the famous movies or are currently playing in theaters.

Local Content of Environmental Education is one of the other strategies in educational activities and awareness which was held at SMKN 1 Sukamara. By getting involved in local content, the Project has a role to include the material

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which supports the preservation of LRWR ecosystems. Cooperation in the provision of local content is beginning in the month of May 2009, with a two-year contract namely in the academic year 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. Provision for the subjects is about ecological agriculture for class of SMKN 1 Sukamara. Community Organizer/Facilitator Agriculture, Rozi become a teacher with the help of a teacher of SMK 1 Sukamara. Division of roles between teacher, and the project staff, Rozi, stated in a memorandum of understanding between Yayorin and SMKN 1 Sukamara. Teaching and learning activities conducted in the classroom by providing theoretical and outside the classroom with practical activities. "The field practice carried out in Composting Demonstration Plot," said Rozi.

At the beginning of the semester, students receive a 70 percent share of the theory and practice as much as 30 percent. Meanwhile, in the second half is reversed, the portion of practice to be 70 percent, and the theory as much as 30 percent. The number of pupils in the first is as many as 21 students, and in the second year to 47 students divided into two classes. Within a week, Rozi provide three hours of material for

each class at 10:00 to 13:00 pm. "If students want additional study, then I open a special consultation on the Demonstration Plot every Saturday," said Rozi. According to one student SMKN Sukamara, Juleha, agricultural science she obtained is very interesting. "I received guidance on how to make compost, cultivate the soil, clearing weeds, and fertilize," she said. Juleha who lived in the Mendawai village have a dream to be a farmer. Risna, other students, feel good do field practices on eggplant crop and corn in the land of Demonstration Plot, which she succeeded in doing. "We managed to harvest and distribute the results to friends and teachers at the school," said Risna. It is about 4 quintals of eggplant and corn for a one-time harvest. MELU Team also visit the panting-rubber tapper to convey information about LRWR conservation. Extension activities carried out in three major rivers which became the center of tapper activity. "Not only doing outreach but to stay and

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follow them to perform daily activities," said Riyan. This kind of approach was necessary in order to get the data and good information about tapper. Pantung-rubber tapper is the workers who seek jelutung-sap from the tree. Jelutung tree is a kind of local rubber tree which grows in the swamp. Jelutung sap after compacted then sold to the factory which among other things can be processed into cosmetic ingredients. The tappers establish huts as a haven and the rest place in some tributary streams in LRWR, which are the Buluh River, Teringin River, Rasau River, and Mangkung River. Tappers live in their hut for 30-40 days and sometimes they also bring their family.

The project does not close the reserve from community activity. But give limited permit to take the benefits of forest. However, the activities of tapper always get supervised. Before entering into the reserve, they need a license from SKW II-BKSDA Central Kalimantan. In addition, the socialization of the LRWR conservation have been aware them to

maintain the sustainability of the region where they work. The tappers are often involved in project activities. Every Friday, said Afendi, the tapper worked together under the coordination of the camp staff and guardpost staff to clean the river. The tapper was involved if any rehabilitation activities and assist fire fighting. "The tappers do not want to if the place to make their living being on fire," said Afendi. The MELU team also facilitates the formation of cadres of conservation, Green Organization, by collecting school students who are interested in

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environmental conservation in 2008. "We just facilitate and assist them, about the establishment of the organization, such as name and the rules, it's fully creativity of cadres," said Fadlik Al Iman.

The project is considered that the activities of the cadre are very important. The cadre of conservation can be an agent who will continue the activities and communicate information about the conservation of LRWR ecosystems in the future. Each month, MELU Team has done mentoring to the Green Organisation with some activities, strengthening of organizational capacity and its members. A variety of mentoring activities, are training on the basis of organization, skill enhancement, and involvement in environmental memorial days. "The cadre’s conservation also engage in socialization visit activities in schools and villages," said Riyan. Cadre’s involvement is a part of increased capacity and awareness. Routinely, MELU Team also visited the offices of government agencies, the Sukamara District and Kotawaringin Barat District to socialize and reported the activities of LRWR ecosystem preservation. "At least visit once in a year," said Riyan.

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In the year 2007 or the first year goes by the Project, Team socialize about the existence and purpose of the Project. Furthermore, the visit is to socializing, reports, and recommendations from a variety of activities which have been made.

Governments are sometimes working together in a variety of celebration activities relating to the environment, such as Earth Day, Environment Day, and environmental exhibitions in the district and provincial levels. "The government always gives a positive response," said Riyan.

This regular socialization has positive impact on various project activities. According to the Acting Programme Manager, Astri Rozanah Siregar, government officials welcomed any activity and the proposed cooperation. Support is created because the government knew with what is done by the Project through the socialization performed routinely. Another important element in the development of capacity is through training. The project did a lot of activities of capacity building of the parties relating to the LRWR management. Increase in capacity will be positively correlated to the long-term preservation of LRWR Ecosystem. One is the Training on Environmental Education Local Content for teachers, conducted in May 2011, involving 30 teachers from 15 schools with many levels. Training activities on Environmental Education Local Content for teachers is expected to be a provision for teachers to identify critical environmental issues which exist in their region. "These issues can be material in teaching,” said Riyan. The project also supports the SKW II BKSDA Central Kalimantan to roll out training on journalism for the cadre of conservation, in 2008. Training are to increase understanding of environmental journalism in the context of the protection of orangutans and their habitat and increasing technical capabilities of writing in publications on the protection of orangutans and their habitat. Meanwhile, the Project also realized that the media information is one tool to spread and increase awareness about the conservation of LRWR ecosystem.

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Some of the media which becomes the container for delivery LRWR information such as newsletters, calendars, notebooks, and exhibits in the district, provincial, national to international.

The project publishes a print newsletter, Sumpitan, which is published four times a year. Various activities of the Project published in this bulletin on a regular basis. Coverage includes schools, government agencies, village, and the company, which is in the district, provincial, and national levels. Throughout the years 2007-2009,

Bulletin Sumpitan printed 2000 copies in each edition. The project publishes a calendar at the beginning of each year with pictures and information about the activities of the Project. Distribution of calendar includes schools, government agencies, non governmental instasi, stalls, shops, restaurants, and public places, which is in Kotawaringin Barat and Sukamara, even to the provincial level. Every visit to the school, the MELU Team distribute notebook as a gift from the quiz activities. The cover of the notebook has a picture of orang-utan, and the back cover contains information about the condition of forests in Kalimantan. During the project progresses, the number of notebooks that have been printed is as much as 3,000 copies. This notebook becomes a tool of socialization of LRWR preservation activities to the students. In addition in the form of written media, dissemination of information to promote environmental awareness manifested in a variety of devices, of which 14 pairs of bins. Each bin are for organic waste and inorganic with a conservation message which was distributed to seven schools. "Before the bin is delivered, there is a simulation of the organic waste segregation and an-organic followed by waste disposal to the right place," said Riyan. The other socialization of LRWR conservation is conducted by inviting journalists to visit the LRWR. In late July 2010, four journalists from the Radar Sampit

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newspaper, Suara Kalteng newspaper, Tabengan newspaper, and Television Stations TVRI Central Kalimantan, visiting various sites of project activities inside the LRWR. They visit Danau Burung guardpost, the location of the nursery, and tree planting sites in Danau Burung and Perapat, and Buluh Camp. The results of this visit also published in the media where they work in Central Kalimantan. This activity is important to strengthen the dissemination of information about LRWR Ecosystem which became a part of a network of important protected areas in Central Kalimantan. Other forms of promotional activities are carried out by following a variety of exhibits ranging from district, provincial, national, and international levels. For promotion or campaign of activities to outside country are handled by the Orangutan Foundation. Orangutan Foundation has a website which contains information about the various activities of the Project. Lessons Learned from Activity of Effective Project Management

LRWR conservation project is to support government policy in conserving forest resources. For the project team, is crucial to always be open to independent monitoring that report in true and accurate about the achievement of the projects. Projects are always trying to keep the transparency of its

activities to the government by making the report and requested approval of a series of activities.

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Examination conducted to ensure transparency in project activities, whether in accordance with EC procedures, transparency of all projects funded by the European Union. Financial audit conducted regularly by independent institutions and until the project ended achieving positive results. Evaluation and audit of this project is to increase the effectiveness of activities other than learning for another project. Financial outlay which is associated with the Annual Work Plan (AWP) checked every year by a auditor company contracted through a tender which follows the EC procedure and the results of this examination are the basis for the provision of funds for the next Annual Work Plan. Routinely, in addition to auditors, EU also sends evaluators to review and evaluate the project, through the Results Oriented Monitoring (ROM) Mission system. On October 27-29, 2008, the Evaluator named Egbert Topper has been come to Pangkalanbun, to review and evaluate project. The results of the evaluation is: relevance and quality of the plan got a C, the efficiency of implementation to date get a B, effectiveness up to now earn an A, the impact of the prospect get a B, and the potential for sustainable gets a B. The next evaluation is on 3-6 November 2009. Lessons Learned Mission conducted by Eric Gardette on behalf of the European Union has also been carried out at 6-8 November 2009. Supervision Mission by the Delegation of the European Union, Ria Butarbutar and Arja Sulola has also been carried out on December 7 to 12 November 2009. At the end of implementation, the project also carried out the External Evaluation. This evaluation conducted independently by experts from the Faculty of Biology, National University of Jakarta.

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Recommendations

Based on the Lessons Learned from the implementation of this project, and in addition to the need to continue the routine activities that have been carried out, some specific recommendations are given below that are important for the management of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve in the future. A. Recommendations for BKSDA Central Kalimantan, local

governments, and NGOs Reserve protection

1. The implementation of routine patrols each week throughout the year, specifically along the canals that could provide access for illegal loggers, needs to be continued.

2. The operation and management of the guard posts as the basis of the patrol system needs to be continued.

Reserve boundaries

3. Border patrols and socialization of the Reserve boundaries to communities who live around the reserve should continue to be implemented.

4. Maintenance of the reserve boundaries needs to be continued. Fire prevention

5. Fire-monitoring patrols need to be implemented in the dry season when carrying out routine patrols, to help detect and prevent outbreaks of fire.

6. Involving the Community Fire Awareness group (Masyarakat Peduli Api) in patrolling activities should continue to be implemented, including improving their skills and providing operational support.

Improving co-ordination and integration

7. Regular co-ordination with agencies related to the protection of the Reserve needs to be continued.

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Reducing conflicts with wildlife

8. Socialization regarding the species of wildlife that are protected by law should continue to be implemented in the villages around the Reserve to mitigate and prevent human-wildlife conflicts.

9. A special rescue team needs to be established within the provincial BKSDA-Kalteng and empowered to make the process of wildlife evacuation effective.

Community development

10. Regular meetings with communities around the reserve should continue to be implemented related to issues concerning conservation of the Reserve and efforts to increase the economy of communities in a sustainable manner.

11. Management of the demonstration projects – on mixed farming by the Tempayung Village Government, and on processing organic waste into compost by the Sukamara District Government – should be continued as a place of learning for the communities. Support to communities and farmer groups to run or develop activities in the demonstration plots are also required.

Involvement of stakeholders

12. Stakeholder meetings should continue to be held at least once a year to involve stakeholders in the management of the Reserve, both as a mechanism to overcome the problems being faced and also to get inputs from stakeholders for the implemention of the Reserve’s Long Term Management Plan.

13. Coordination meetings in each district should be carried out to facilitate implementation of the Reserve’s Long Term Management Plan.

Land rehabilitation

14. Natural regeneration in the western region and enrichment planting with orangutan food trees in the eastern region needs to be enhanced.

15. The reforestation area inside the Reserve needs to be safeguarded, including continuing the nurturing and maintenance of the stock of saplings that were replanted.

16. Planting banana trees as firebreaks should continue to be implemented along the boundary of the Reserve on the western and northern sections (since firebreaks created by making drainage ditches are not suitable for the local conditions).

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Raising awareness

17. Raising awareness about conservation of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve should continue to be implemented in the villages which are directly adjacent to the Reserve.

18. Local subject matter for the environmental education syllabus in schools needs to be prepared by the Department of Education in the hope that environmental education can be integrated within the formal education syllabus.

Development of limited ecotourism

19. Support for the development plan for limited ecotourism in Danau Burung integrated with other tourism in Sukamara should be continued, including support to prepare a Limited Ecotourism Master Plan.

Strengthening the Reserve’s legal basis

20. Proposals for changes in land status (HP and HPK) and determination of the new size of the Reserve needs to be implemented as a follow-up of the Decree of the Minister of Forestry No SK.292/Menhut-II/2011.

B. Recommendations for PHKA, NGOs, and international donors

The importance of support for the future management of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve

21. Special conservation programs in areas that have the potential to absorb carbon need to be implemented such as in the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve which has a very large potential for carbon emissions (up to 36.5 million total tons of carbon within the Reserve’s old boundaries, with approximately 8 million tons in the extension area).

22. Protection for the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve and other former logging concessions with orangutan habitat needs to be implemented by the government, especially considering that 75% of orangutan populations are found outside protected areas and should be subject to conservation actions in accordance with the Indonesian Orangutan Conservation Strategy and Action Plan 2007-2017. Since the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve is also a former logging concession, it could be a model for this purpose.

23. The memorandum of agreement on the creation of a buffer zone around the Reserve, made between BKSDA Central Kalimantan and the District Governments with the two oil palm companies whose concessions

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bordered the Reserve, could become a model for managing other conservation areas.

24. The collaborative process undertaken to prepare the management plan for the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve – that involved local government, NGOs, communities, and the private sector – could be a model for the preparation of management plans for other conservation areas.

Other general recommendations: ecosystem restoration

25. An information centre (comprising documentation, maps and data) about the history of logging in former logging concessions is necessary because it is very useful in the implementation of ecosystem restoration in former logging concessions, including restoration of the Lamandau River Wildlife Reserve.

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Conclusion

This project represented a classical Integrated Conservation and

Development Project (or ICDP), in which the conservation activities were

integrated closely with community development through capacity building

and awareness-raising. Before the project began, illegal logging and forest

fires inside the Reserve were out of control, and integration of remedial

action programmes among NGOs, local government and central

government (BKSDA) had never been undertaken. After the project was

implemented, illegal activities inside the Reserve had been successfully

suppressed, public awareness about the importance of conserving the

Reserve had been raised, and through demonstration projects,

communities surrounding the Reserve gained the capacity to generate

sufficient sources to lead sustainable livelihoods; whilst inputs were

received from the stakeholder meetings to overcome the problems being

faced in a collaborative spirit with one vision.

Thus, by greatly decreasing the severity of problems being faced, and

generating a stronger and more harmonious level of support from all

stakeholders for the conservation of the Reserve, hopefully, BKSDA

Central Kalimantan – as the spearhead for implementing the

management, with its own resources and with more integrated support

from the stakeholders – will be much more capable of managing the

Reserve in a sustainable manner in the future.

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ANNEX

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List of Community Meeting

No District Location Number of Meetings 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1 Kobar Desa Tempayung 9 9 12 12 6 2 Desa Babual Baboti 8 4 5 3 6 3 Desa Tanjung Putri 8 9 15 7 7 4 Desa Terantang 1 9 13 14 10 5 Kelurahan Mend. Seberang - - - - 2 6 Sukamara Desa Kartamulya - 1 2 5 2 7 Desa Natai Sedawak - 1 5 8 10 8 Desa Pudu - 1 1 11 9 9 Desa Sungai Pasir - - 2 - 6 10 Kelurahan Mendawai - - 4 - 10

Amount 26 34 59 60 68 TOTAL 247

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List of schools visited

No

Name of School Village District Date of Visit

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1 SDN 4 Mendawai Mendawai Kobar 13 February

2 SDN 5 Mendawai Mendawai Kobar 13 February

3 SDN 8 Mendawai Mendawai Kobar 19 October 24 June

4 SDN 3 Mendawai Mendawai Kobar 19 October

5 SDN 6 Mendawai Mendawai Kobar 17 July 20 October 25 June

6 MTs N Pangkalan Bun Mendawai Kobar 14 February

7 SMPN 10 Arut Selatan Mendawai kobar 21 July 25 June

8 SDN 1 Tanjung Putri Tanjung Putri Kobar 26 February 25 February 10 February

9 SMPN 1 atap Arsel Tanjung Putri Kobar 27 February 26 February 11 February

10 SDN 1 Kumpai Batu Bawah Kumpai Batu Bawah Kobar 7 April

11 SDN 2 Kumpai Batu Bawah Kumpai Batu Bawah Kobar 7 April 12 March

12 SMPN 9 Arut Selatan Kumpai Batu Bawah Kobar 9 September 13 March

13 SDN 3 Kumpai Batu Bawah Tanjung Terantang Kobar 9 April 28 October 19 July

14 SDN 4 Kumpai Batu Bawah Tanjung Terantang Kobar 9 April 10 September 29 October 20 July

15 SDN 1 mendawai Seberang Mendawai Seberang Kobar 18 October

16 SMPN 4 Arut Selatan Mendawai Seberang Kobar 19 October 23 June

17 SMPN 1 Arut Selatan Sidorejo Kobar 22 October

18 SPP-SPMA Pangkalan Bun Sidorejo Kobar 14 February

19 SDN 1 Sidorejo Sidorejo Kobar 17 May

20 SDN 2 Sidorejo Sidorejo Kobar 23 August

21 SMA PGRI Pangkalan Bun Sidorejo Kobar 19 May

22 SMAN 1 Pangkalan Bun Sidorejo Kobar 7 August

23 SMA ABDI Pangkalan Bun Sidorejo Kobar 24 september

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No

Name of School Village District Date of Visit

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

24 SMAN 3 Pangkalan Bun Sidorejo Kobar 10 August

25 SMPN 2 Arut selatan Madurejo Kobar 24 August

26 SMAN 2 Pangkalan Bun Madurejo kobar 8 August

27 SMKN 1 Pangkalan Bun Madurejo kobar 8 August

28 MAN Pangkalan Bun Baru Kobar 16 May

29 SDN 1 Kotawaringin Hilir Kotawringin Hilir Kobar 18 March 28 July

30 SDN 2 Pasir Panjang Pasir panjang Kobar 25 June

31 SMPN 7 Arut selatan Pasir Panjang Kobar 26 June

32 SMKN 2 Pangkalan Bun Pasir Panjang Kobar 13 August

33 SMPN 1 Kotawaringin Lama Kotawaringin Hilir Kobar 21 August 19 March 27 July

34 SMAN 1 Kotawaringin Lama Kotawaringin Hilir Kobar 22 August 26 May 20 March 26 July

35 SMK PGRI Kotawaringin Lama Kotawaringin Hilir Kobar 20 March

36 SMPN 2 Kotawaringin Lama Riam Durian Kobar 21 June 28 April

37 SDN 1 Tempayung Tempayung Kobar 16 March 18 December 19 August 30 March 14 April

38 SDN 1 Babual Baboti Babual Baboti Kobar 17 March 20 December 18 August 28 April

39 SDN 2 Babual Baboti Babual Baboti Kobar 17 March 22 December 26 March 29 April

40 SDN 1 Sakabulin Sakabulin Kobar 16 April 15 April

41 SDN 1 Dawak Dawak Kobar 15 July

42 SDN 1 Kinjil Kinjil Kobar 24 May

43 SDN 1 Riam Durian Riam Durian Kobar 26 July

44 SDN 3 Riam Durian Riam Durian Kobar 22 July

45 SDN 1 Kartamulia Kartamulia Sukamara 28 August 17 February 17 February

46 SDN 2 Kartamulia Kartamulia Sukamara 28 August 19 February 16 February

47 SD Perdana PT Sungai Rangit Kartamulia Sukamara 28 July 29 November

48 SDN 1 Sungai Pasir Sungai Pasir Sukamara 5 June 15 February 21 February

49 SDN 2 Sungai Pasir Sungai Pasir Sukamara 4 June 13 February 22 February

50 SDN Teruntum Sungai Pasir Sukamara 25 February

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No

Name of School Village District Date of Visit

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

51 MTsN Pantai Lunci/ Miftaul Ulum Sungai Pasir Sukamara 4 June 15 February 23 February

52 SDN 1 Pudurundun Pudurundun Sukamara 16 April 17 June 25 March

53 SDN 1 Natai Sedawak Natai Sedawak Sukamara 26 August 25 May

54 SMKN 1 Sukamara Natai Sedawak Sukamara 7 June 23 November 24 March

55 SDN 3 Mendawai Mendawai Sukamara 18 April

56 SDN 2 Mendawai Mendawai Sukamara 6 June

57 SDN 1 Mendawai Mendawai Sukamara 21 November

58 SDN 4 Mendawai Mendawai Sukamara 21 August

59 SDN 1 Padang Mendawai Sukamara 22 November

60 SDN 2 padang Mendawai Sukamara 23 August

61 MI Darul Aqam Mendawai Sukamara 9 February

62 MAN Sukamara/ MA Darul Aqam Mendawai Sukamara 7 June 24 November 18 March

63 SMPN 1 Sukamara Mendawai Sukamara 21 August 12 August

64 SMAN 1 Sukamara Mendawai Sukamara 22 August 22 November 16 March

65 MTs N Sukamara Mendawai Sukamara 26 August 17 March

66 SDN 1 Sei Cabang Barat Sungai Cabang Barat Sukamara 30 May

67 MIS Roudatul Ulum Sungai Cabang Barat Sukamara 30 May

68 SMAN 1 Pantai Lunci Jorong Sukamara 23 November 24 February

69 SMAN 1 Bulik Nanga Bulik Lamandau 4 February

70 SMPN 2 Bulik Nanga Bulik Lamandau 5 February

71 SMKN 1 bulik Nanga Bulik Lamandau 28 March April

72 SMKN 2 bulik Nanga Bulik Lamandau 25 April

73 MAN Al hikmah Bulik Nanga Bulik Lamandau 25 May

74 MTs Ishrul Ulum Bulik Nanga Bulik Lamandau 25 May

75 SMPN 4 Bulik Nanga Bulik Lamandau 24 August

76 SMAN 1 Tapin Bini Tapin Bini Lamandau 6 August

77 SMPN 1 Tapin Bini Tapin Bini Lamandau 6 August

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No

Name of School Village District Date of Visit

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

78 SMAN 1 Belantikan Raya Belantikan Raya Lamandau 12 October

79 SMPN 1 Belantikan Raya Belantikan Raya Lamandau 12 October

80 SMAN 1 Sematu Jaya Sematu Jaya Lamandau 19 November

81 SMAN 1 Delang Kudangan Lamandau 10 February

82 SMPN 1 Delang Kudangan Lamandau 10 February

Number of schools visited per year 25 school 32 school 24 school 31 school 28 school

Total Visits Period 2007 - 2011 140 Visit Total School Visited Period 2007 - 2011 82 school

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List of villages visited

No

Village District Date of Visit

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1 Mendawai Kobar 17 July 22 April 20 October

2 Tanjung Putri Kobar 24 February 10 February

3 Kumpai Batu Bawah Kobar 7 April

4 Tanjung Terantang Kobar 9 April 28 October 18-23 July

5 Mendawai Seberang Kobar 18 October

6 Kotawaringin Hilir Kobar 20 March 24- 30 July

7 Makartie Jaya (despot) kobar 22 June

8 Riam Durian Kobar 26 June

9 Tempayung Kobar 17 March 14 April

10 Babual Baboti Kobar 18 March 19 December 26 april 28 April

11 Sakabulin Kobar 17 April

12 Dawak Kobar 26 July

13 Kinjil Kobar 24 May

14 Kartamulia Sukamara 28 April 15 February 16 February

15 Sungai Pasir Sukamara 29 jan 13 February 23 February

16 Pudurundun Sukamara 17 December 17 June 25 March

17 Natai Sedawak Sukamara 24 May 24 March

18 Sungai Cabang Barat Sukamara 30 May

19 Jorog Sukamara 30 May

20 Tapin Bini Lamandau 6 August

21 Belantikan raya Lamandau 12 October

22 Sematu Jaya Lamandau 19 November

23 Kudangan Lamandau 9 February

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List of trees planted

No.

Species

Danau Burung Perapat

Inside Border Buffer Inside Border Buffer

1. Asam bawang 109

2. Mangga 382 100

3. Ramania 872 729

4. Asam satar 67

5. Jambu monyet/mente 317 78 325

6. Rengas 411

7. Pepisangan 3360 271

8. Jelutung 109

9. Pulai 834

10. Pinang 15958 726

11. Kelapa 4000 1800

12. Poga 261

13. Kerantungan/durian 909 97

14. Bentangur, bintangur 181 339

15. Idat/geronggang 1344 1357

16. Rasak 72

17. Balangeran 6339 5167

18. Semono 621 301

19. Karet 450 228

20. Jengkol 155

21. Keranji 182

22. Medang putih 3134 960

23. Medang sandak 216 486

24. Sintuk lawang 2

25. Papung 5315 1894

26. Langsat 12

27. Daru/duku 800 456 432

28. Mentawa 52 51

29. Cempedak 697 138

30. Nangka 325 199

31. Pisang +

32. Pelawan 2679 653

33. Ubar samak 6596 4515

34. Ubar jambu 2 1556

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No.

Species

Danau Burung Perapat

Inside Border Buffer Inside Border Buffer

35. Ubar putih 2299 2793

36. Jambu bol 333

37. Jambu air 160

38. Ubar salim 180

39. Jambu biji 54

40. Idur 355 142

41. Rambutan 523 257

42. Sundi 122

43. Nyatoh + +

44. Luwari / rawari 72

45. Betadai/betapai 110 209

46. Gaharu 78

47. Perapat / tumih 4200 1353

48. Halaban 5776 1283

49. Semasam/Asam-asam 874 387

50. Ulur-ulur 294 119

51. Iwat/getaan +

Total 45.501 20.275 5309 26.037 2526 2057

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SOME NEWSPAPER CLIPPING

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SUMMARY OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROJECT PARTNERS

Profil Orangutan Foundation

Visi: Melestarikan orangutan beserta habitat hutan tropisnya yang berada di

Kalimantan & Sumatera demi kepentingan umat manusia baik di masa sekarang

maupun yang akan datang.

Misi: Menjamin kelangsungan hidup setiap populasi genetis spesies dan sub-spesies

orangutan yang berada di alam liar di Kalimantan & Sumatera, bersama dengan

habitat alami & ekosistem mereka termasuk flora & fauna yang hidup di dalamnya.

Wilayah Kerja: Kalimantan

Tempat/tanggal Pendirian: London, tahun 1991

Alamat Kantor: Jalan Merak No 34, Pangkalan Bun, Kalimantan Tengah 74111

Telp. (0532) 22667, 23812, 22172; Fax (0532) 24241

Kantor Pusat: 7 Kent Terrace, London NW1 4RP, United Kingdom.

Telp. 020 7724 2912; Fax. 020 7724 2613

Email: info@orangutan.org.uk; Website: www.orangutan.org.uk

Profil Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia

Visi: Kelestarian hutan untuk kesejahteraan umat masa kini dan generasi mendatang.

Misi: Pendidikan, Penelitian dan Pelestarian

Wilayah Kerja: Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat, Kabupaten Sukamara, Kabupaten Lamandau

Tempat/tanggal Pendirian: Pangkalan Bun, 4 July 1991

Alamat Kantor: Jalan Bhayangkara Km 1, Pangkalan Bun, Kalimantan Tengah 74112.

Telp. (0532) 29057; Fax. (0532) 29081; Email: info@yayorin.org; Website: www.yayorin.org

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Project management team 2011

Project Coordinator Yarrow Robertson Project Manager Astri Rozanah Siregar Office Manager Iria Yuliasih Education Manager Ryandoko Land Manager Isam Patrol Manager M. Djakirudin Community Organizer M Rozi

Akhmad Fauzi Educator Fadlik Al Iman

Iqbal Abisaputra Rici Sugianto

Section Leaders Dadi Gapuri

Staf Pos Jaga Dedi Darmadi Bambang Sunarto

Mirhansyah Boby/Uwan

Amad Sini

Sarman Bagur/Sudir

Turmudi Nali/Amir

Kojau Geger

Ambrani Staf Reforestasi Andi

Aidil Lamat Hadri Pendi

Support Staf Siti Aminah Car Driver Tarto Rudiarto Speed Driver Hardianto

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