Project Management of Telecom Project-c

8/3/2019 Project Management of Telecom Project-c

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT OF TELECOM PROJECT

INTRODUCTION

India is a vibrant market from communications point of view. The subscriber base in thewireless market in India, the worlds fastest growing telecom market reached anothermilestone when it surpassed 200 million subscribers in Aug 2007. The countrys mobileservices market is forecast to grow by a compound annual rate of 28.3% in next fiveyears. At present there are around 54000 cell sites operated by different GSM/CDMAoperators. This number would further go up to 80.000 in next couple of years. To reach

the target the approximate capital expenditure required in telecom infrastructure alone isexpected to be approximately $20 billion in next three years.

GSM/CDMA project is spread over large areas with work sites located wide apart, aresituated in wilderness with minimal approaches or on roof tops in thick of urban areaswith restricted working space. Thus project management in general and constructionmanagement in particular plays a major role in cost effective and efficient execution oftelecommunication projects. It is needless to mention that the objective is to ensure thatthe project does not suffer in terms of quality, time and cost overruns.

For ease of comprehension, study on the development of passive infrastructure has been

designed to first present the theoretical concepts and then correlating them to actualapplications in the field by applying them into examples. Topics include scope of work,project planning, contractual terms of conditions, monitoring and controlling of project,quality control, risk management, warehouse management, operation and maintenance.

Cell Site

A cell site is a term used primarily for a site where antennas and electroniccommunications equipment are placed to create a cell in a mobile phone network(cellular network). A cell site is composed of a tower or other elevated structure regularand backup electrical power sources, and sheltering.

A synonym for "cell site" is "cell tower. However, In GSM networks, the technicallycorrect term is Base Transceiver Station (BTS), and colloquial British English as "basestation". The term "base station site" might better reflect the increasing co-location ofmultiple mobile operators, and therefore multiple base stations, at a single site.Depending on an operator's technology, even a site hosting just a single mobile operatormay house multiple base stations, each to serve a different air interface technology(CDMA orGSM, for example).

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Typical layout of a ground based site is attached at Annexure 1

The working range of a cell site - the range within which mobile devices can connect to itreliably is not a fixed figure. It will depend on a number of factors, including

The type of signal in use (i.e. the underlying technology), similar to the fact thatAM radio waves reach further than FM radio waves. The transmitter's rated power. The transmitter's size. The array setup of panels may cause the transmitter to be directional oromni-

directional. It may also be limited by local geographical or regulatory factors and weather

conditions.

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TOWER SITE SELECTION

Cellular tower locations are the result of an engineering field called Radio FrequencyEngineering or RF, for short. RF engineers work closely with the marketing departmentsto determine areas where the placement of a new tower will accomplish one (or more) ofthree goals:

Expansion: The tower site provides coverage over areas that do not currently havecoverage.

Capacity: The tower site provides additional capacity for the carrier to handle more callsin areas where existing towers are overloaded.

Quality: The tower fills in a hole or an area where customer calls are frequently droppedor call service is poor.

In either case, the tower must serve a specific purpose. The majority of the times, thatpurpose are to increase the number of minutes that people talk or receive/send data ontheir phones. The industry refers to this as Minutes of Use or MOUs. The main way ofincreasing MOUs is by placing cell towers or sites in locations that have high daytimeworking populations. Most carriers have wireless plans that provide cheap or free "offtime" rates, so the emphasis is daytime calling minutes which are typically the mostexpensive.

Need less to mention that daytime rates are highest in areas where people either travela lot or where they work. Urban and suburban areas have the highest concentration ofcellular sites and towers. To provide coverage for those people traveling between theseparticular urban/suburban areas, highways, state roads, and higher traffic local roads arecovered by towers as well. Placement of towers at strategic intersections of major roadsis often preferred.

Lately, carriers have been adding cell sites in rural areas as well in an attempt to provideubiquitous coverage (an unobtainable goal for at least 5 years). Sites are located near amajor roadway. Rarely do wireless carriers build towers in the middle of nowhere.

Cellular sites must meet one or more of the three goals listed above. Building a tower tocover rural farmland where no people live does not serve any of these goals.

The marketing departments of the wireless carriers are constantly reviewing potentialand uncovered areas to determine where to place new towers. Because carriers havecapital budgets, the marketing departments and RF engineering departments worktogether to prioritize those sites that they believe will provide the most benefit to thecompany in terms of MOUs or quality of service.

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Location of Cell Site

Site should be large enough for a cell towernormally (but not always) this is a parceldouble the size of the height of the tower. So if a tower is 100 ft tall, the parcel must be200' x 200'.

Site must have easy and cheap access from a public road.

Site must be suitable from a zoning perspective. In many jurisdictions, towers are onlyallowed on commercially or industrially zoned parcels. Some areas allow towers onagriculturally zoned sites, and most do NOT allow towers on residentially/ forest land orrestricted areas

Sites must not have conditions that would make constructing a tower unduly expensive.These conditions can include wetlands, poor or rocky soil conditions, significant distanceto the cell tower site from the main road, lots of trees, possible hazardous waste on theproperty and high voltage power lines.

Landowners must be willing to lease the site at rates acceptable to the wireless carrier..

One thing to note is that, contrary to public belief, the ground elevation is not the mostimportant factor. Just because you live on the tallest or second tallest hill in the area orcounty does not mean that your location is preferred from a wireless perspective, unlessthe location is in a "Search Ring."

Generally, in areas where there are enough cell sites to cover a wide area, the range ofeach one will be set to:

Ensure there is enough overlap for "handover" to/from other sites (moving thesignal for a mobile device from one cell site to another, for those technologiesthat can handle it - e.g. making a GSM phone call while in a car or train).

Ensure that the overlap area is not too large, to minimize interference problemswith other sites.

In practice, cell sites are grouped in areas of high population density, with the mostpotential users. Cell phone traffic through a single cell mast is limited by the mast'scapacity; there is a finite number of calls that a mast can handle at once. This limitationis another factor affecting the spacing of cell mast sites. In suburban areas, mast arecommonly spaced 1.5-3 kms apart and in dense urban areas, masts may be as close as

0.5-1 kms apart. Cell masts always reserve part of their available bandwidth foremergency calls.

The maximum range of a mast (where it is not limited by interference with other mastsnearby) depends on the same circumstances. Some technologies, such as GSM, have afixed maximum range of 40km (25 miles), which is imposed by technical limitatio As arough guide, based on a tall mast and flat terrain, it is possible to get between 50 to 70km (30-45 miles). When the terrain is hilly, the maximum distance can vary from as littleas 5 kms to 8 kilometres .The concept of "maximum" range is misleading, however, in a

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cellular network. Cellular networks are designed to create a mass communicationsolution from a limited amount of channels (slices of radio frequency spectrumnecessary to make one conversation) that are licensed to an operator of a cellularservice. To overcome this limitation, it is necessary to repeat and reuse the samechannels. Just as a station on a car radio changes to a completely different local stationwhen you travel to another city, the same radio channel gets reused on a cell mast only

a few miles away. To do this, the signal of a cell mast is intentionally kept at low powerand many cases tilting downward to limit its area. The area sometimes needs to belimited when a large number of people live, drive or work near a particular mast; therange of this mast has to limited so that it covers an area small enough not to have tosupport more conversations than the available channels can carry.

It is also important to note that these Search Rings are proprietary and are not availableto the public or even to industry experts. They are not registered or provided to the local,state, or federal governments. Wireless carriers prefer to locate on existing structuresfirst before building a new tower. They do this because many zoning jurisdictions requirethis due diligence and because it reduces development costs and time to market. If thereare suitable structures, the carrier will then just lease space on the tower, and no new

tower will be built.

A full scale ground based cell site of 60 m length costs around Rs 30-35 lakh, while roof-top cell sites comes in different denominations ranging from 24 m to 9 m. A 15 m roof-tocite would cost around Rs 7 lacs. Further Service providers want to create new revenuestreams and simplify existing infrastructure, create a world-class ready-madeinfrastructure to provide highest level of standards to their agents to deal with customersand reduce costs. As they have an aggressive roll out plan, the need of the day is to outsource development of infrastructure so that the service providers are able to focusprimarily on revenue generation. To fulfill this requirement business of passiveinfrastructure provisioning and management is being outsourced to companies whooperate and provide passive infrastructure comprising towers, shelter with ACs, diesel

generating sets, battery back-up etc, and related site structures in ground based as wellas roof top sites for co-locating active elements owned by different operators. It alsoprovides the operations and maintenance services, housekeeping and security functionsallowing the client to focus on their core business. However, normally they do not shareof electronic elements such as the radio access network or antennae. At present, theratio between the infrastructure components and electronic elements is 70:30.

Site Sharing

The idea is to maximize revenues from the BPO facility by accommodating

various clients at the same facility so that maximum seats can be utilized at

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the same time. The sharing of facility also allows accommodating clientsinvolved in low-end as well as high-end services. It enables earning of higher

margins from different clients based on their end activity and the criticality ofthe infrastructure support required.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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Project management can well be described as the application of knowledge, skills, toolsand techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed customers/clients needsand expectations from the project. Meeting the need of the client invariably involvesbalancing competing demands among:

Scope, time & cost

Identified requirements (needs) and unidentified requirements (expectations)

Specific to telecommunication projects, project management consists of

management all the activities of a given project right from Site Survey to Site

Integration. This helps an Operator / Client in having optimum man-power and

relaying on the Project Management in executing the project successfully in time.

Almost all sites are unique with regard to building process, vagaries of weather,

unforeseen risks, remote area problems, and lack of communications.

It entails basic function of planning, scheduling, monitoring and control. The planning

function involves listing of all tasks essential in the completion of the project.

Scheduling consists of sequencing of tasks according to their precedent time and

expected times. Monitoring and control is the review and correction of difference

between the schedule and actual work performance of the activity.

Monitoring and control involves four steps

Measuring: Tells us the status or the progress of work package during the

construction.

Reviewing: Measuring or progress leads the construction management to plan again

and reschedule to make more efficient action plan

Reporting: The progress report and revised action plan is reported to senior

management for their approval and study. A proper scientific method is adopted in

reporting, which is popularly known as management information system (MIS). The

success or failure of project largely depends upon the extents of efficiency of MIS.

This is the controlling lever of construction management.

Action; Action is taken as per revised plan by the project office. It controls four Ms i.e

Money, Manpower, Machinery and Material. Also time and quality

Controlling Tools

Network analysis techniques monitors time

Resource schedule charts gives information about logistics and machinery

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Organization chart tells about requirement of manpower

Specifications and drawings bounds the management to quality

Financial planning about funding.

Scope of Work :

Scope of Work consists of following activities :

RF and site survey

Site Lay-out & Marking

Obtaining no objection certificate for setting up cell site

Liaison with State Electricity Boards for obtaining required power

Contracting and identifications of risks

Soil Testing ,structural design and layout of ground based sites

Structural analysis of existing buildings and layout of roof top sites

Finalization of specifications for equipment, works in consultation with

technical and commercial teams

Preparation of bill of quantities and bill of services.

Preparation of schedules in co-ordination with all suppliers.

Plan & scheduling of equipment and inform to warehouse & logistics

department

Monitoring all the activities on daily basis and reporting through a MIS

(including critical area and critical activity analysis).

Warehouse management

Provision of Security at Site.

Supervision of Civil, Electrical, Tower and other equipment installations Quality inspections and punch points

Site RFI

Co-ordination with all suppliers and Subcontractors for liquidation of punch

points

Documentation

Final inspection & Handing over of site

Bills verification and certification

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Organization Structure

The Project Management Team is organized to cater for various activities covered inthe scope of Project Management of Cell Sites as per the Customer requirements.

The PMC general Organization Structure is as follows:

RF & Site Survey

Cellular tower locations are the result of an engineering field called Radio FrequencyEngineering or RF, for short. RF engineers at the various wireless companies such aswork closely with their marketing departments to determine areas where the placement

of a new tower will accomplish one (or more) of three goals:

1. Expansion: The tower site provides coverage over areas that do not currentlyhave coverage.

2. Capacity: The tower site provides additional capacity for the carrier to handlemore calls in areas where existing towers are overloaded.

3. Quality: The tower fills in a hole or an area where customer calls are frequentlydropped or call service is poor.

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RF Design

RF design consists of the following:

Site survey of search areas, selection of suitable site and evaluation.

Detailed RF site design including site configuration Site parameter settings

Frequency planning

Continuing post- launch optimization to ensure optimum level performance level

Site Build up Process

The comprehensive site acquisition and installation process helps to deliver high quality

and cost effective services to the customers.

Based on rollout plan and requirements of respective companies, potential sites are

located. Site acquisition teams narrow down the best feasible locations through RF

The benefits of RF Optimization service are increased revenues and reduced costs.

Network quality resulting in higher speech quality index.

Satisfied customers resulting in low churn

Efficient network utilization resulting in reduced investment costs.RF Optimization services includes the following:

Study of network performances through OMC Statistics, drive tests andcustomer feedback.

Post-processing and analysis of the performance data to bench mark thenetwork performance against the set quality of service targets and identifyeventual problems.

Proposing an action plan for solving the problems. The proposed action planmay include parameter changes and/or network configuration changes and/or

network Hardware elements changes. In close coordination with the customer, implementing the proposed action

plan.

Performance Verification to ensure that the optimization process has resultedin network performance improvements such that it meets the set quality ofservice targets.

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planning tools, field survey, real estate agents, references, and existing cell site owners.

Thereafter, internal technical department comprising planning, civil & acquisition team to

assess the suitability in terms of radio coverage, soil & structural suitability and optimal site

shares opportunities with other potential service providers. Based on the clearance report

from internal technical department, a suitability survey is again carried out by RFTransmission & Electrical teams to assess the suitability from the point of view of Line of

Sight & Electrical Requirement, including back up power through DG sets. After the site is

technically selected, commercial negotiation are initiated with the property owner.

Commercial negotiation includes cost/ rent, advance, security deposit etc. It will also

include due diligence of property documents, period of lease/ rent, escalation conditions

and 24 hrs accesses to the site to carry out routine and emergency maintenance. Other

risks like institutional land, defense area, land for religious purpose, land use rights etc will

also be considered during the due diligence and a risk mitigation strategy will be

appropriately developed.

Once commercial terms and conditions are finalized with the site owner and internalapproval is obtained, NOC is required to be collected from site owner to ensure that the he

does not pose any resistance while integrating the cell sites.

In addition to other terms NOC contains the following essential clauses

Owner is the legal heir of the property and the same has not been mortgaged or is

under dispute

Agrees to give out on lease/rent as per mutually agreed terms and conditions

Will not sell the property during the duration of the agreement

The company is permitted to undertake and execute all activities required for

development of cell site.

After receiving NOC from the site owner, all necessary clearance/ documentation are

obtained from legal/ government authorities. Once all documents are in place, the site is

handed over to the site development team to construct tower and all accessories including

shelter, DG, HVAC etc

Check List for site survey is at Annexure 2 Survey Check List.xls

Electricity Power Connection

Immediately after the site is handed over to the site development team action is initiated to

obtain power connection from respective state electricity boards. It is utmost essential that

the connection is taken expeditiously as operating the site on DG is nearly 30-35%

costlierthan on power through Electricity boards.

Obtaining the connection involves following activities:

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Preparation and submission of applications

Estimation by the state electricity boards

Payment of the estimated amount including security deposit

Release and provision of permanent connection

Contracting and Identifications of Risks

Specific to GSM/CDMA projects wherein the cell sites are spaced wide apart and located

in various types of terrains under different climatic conditions it is imperative that the

contract terms and conditions caters for the site and location specific conditions. Thus the

need to investigate the project in depth by reliable, committed, financially strong and

technically competent construction consortium.

The project must offer a reasonable rate of return and the client guarantee proper

business environment

There must be a proper mechanism to identify extra work done and to pay the cost

of variations. The client and contractors experience and expertise in executing such types of

contracts are of paramount necessity.

Certain changes are generally found necessary, varying from the quality and nature ofwork from those agreed by the parties. The need is therefore, to resolve these variationsbefore they manifest into disputes. Effective resolutions of variations arising out ofvariations during the execution of project has been an area of concern as significantnumber of projects suffer in terms of time, cost and quality performance due toobstruction in project objectives on account of conflicting individual interests.

Identification of Risks

Risk management is a systematic process in which risk factors are identified, evaluatedand planned. It is formal approach to set out numerous varied uncertainties in order toidentify critical issues and provide measures for tackling difficulties that occur. It includesidentification and assessment of risks together with development of strategies tominimize them when they occur, mitigate adverse effect or take advantage of beneficialones.

Risk is an unforeseen event, which is abstract in nature and is difficult to measure withprecision or accuracy. It results in loss in terms of time, money, materials, manpower,

machinery and other associated activities. Risk will apply to price, weather, inflation,strikes, labor problem and other aspects of project. Risk can therefore be defined asexposure to the possibility of economic and financial loss or gain, physical damage orinjury or delays as a consequence of uncertainty associated with perusing particularcourse of action.

Undertaking GSM/CDMA project is fraught with risks and obstacles owning to the verynature and terrain of the project. This results in additional cost of remobilization, reworks,additions and alterations.

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Documentation: The need to specify the type of documents, the format, andacceptance and certification procedures needs no emphasis. It directly affects thepayment terms and thus the cash flow. GSM/CDMA projects demand considerableoutlay of funds and therefore it is imperative that the revenue generation is expeditiousand procedure for releasing the payment is documented before commencement of the

project.

Non-Availability of Sites: Non-availability of sites, cancellation, sites on hold anddisputed sites has adverse affect on the roll out plan. Many a timework has stopped afterthe major portion has been completed. Remobilization of teams and machinery is notonly time consuming but also results in avoidable expenditure.Change in Specifications. Due to the very nature of the project changes in

specifications occur. The need is to investigate the project in dept at pre tenderstage in order to avoid changes as repeated changes result in dismantling ofexisting facilities and executing the new works causing delay and additional costboth direct and indirect.

Tenancy: During the preliminary survey certain sites are selected based on theanticipated traffic and location. However during the course of construction prioritiesor/and the requirement of the service providers change resulting rescheduling the projector delay in renting out the cell site, especially in pro active sites.

Integration of supply of material: Diverse kinds of material and equipment aresupplied by respective agencies and their delivery is coordinated with the progress atrespective sites. Any delay in supply of material not only delays the project but alsoresults in idle labor and increase in both direct and indirect costs. To avoid this it isimportant that prequalification of vendors are done after in depth verification of theircapabilities and financial worthiness. The contractor should have reserve funds to tide

over the financial crunch so as to manage working capital cash flow.

Soil Testing

To under take field and laboratory investigations to assess the nature of sub-soil, strataand to evaluate the bearing capacity and other parameters suitable for construction offoundations at cell sites

Design

Design should be simple, flexible executable on ground, standardized as far as possibleand should cater for site and location specific constraints and requirements. Thecommitments and decisions during design phase have a very high level of influence onthe project cost as any alterations results in avoidable reworks and disruption of work.Some of the features which are recommended to be considered within the frame work ofsite constraints are given below:

Standardized the dimensions of beam and columns thereby reducing the numberof set of forms and ease of construction

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Reduce number of bars in a given concrete placement to avoid dense congestionof reinforcement by either using larger bar sizes or increasing the cross sectionalarea at critical sections.

Reduce the number of various sizes of rebars. This will reduce the chances oferrors in erection of reinforcement.

It should be practical, executable at site with realistic tolerance.

Avoid wordy and redundant specifications, seeking liability avoidance throughinclusion of excessive requirement and unnecessary standards.

Specify specific clause in the code rather than entire code. It will reduce cost,availability time and expedite inspection of material.

Avoidance of duplication of specifications and drawings so as to ensure thatthere is no conflict between specifications and notes on drawings. thespecifications and drawings are to guide the physical construction of projects andtherefore there should be no inconsistencies between drawings andspecifications

Specify approved material and components.

Specify clearly the desired standards of quality and performance required at site

Provide quick response to requests for clarification or changes in design details.

Testing of materials for quality level

Layout of GBT site is at Annexure 1

Structural Analysis of Existing Building

It is of utmost importance that the structural analysis of the existing structure is assessedprior to its consideration for installation of tower and allied equipment

Framed structure should be preferred over structure on walls

In multistory building the suitability should be assessed after analyzing the

structural suitability of each floor. As far as possible avoid structure with RBC roof slab as exposing the

reinforcement of the slab will affect the strength of the slab

Separate approach to the cell site should be or made available

The existing reinforcement of columns, beams and/or slabs should be exposed tocheck their respective sizes.

The design and layout should cater for the restricted availability of space so as toavoid dense reinforcement and for ease of laying of form work.

Logistics

The progress of cell site at optimal cost requires judicious allocation of availableresources including material and equipment. The quality and progress of constructionalactivities depend upon providing matching resource at every stage of activity.Procurement of material and equipment in GSM/CDMA project spans across 85-90% ofthe overall cost and duration. Late delivery of material and equipment merge as the most

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important factor contributing to the delays in project implementation. The scenario inIndia is further complicated by the fact that most vendors over trade themselves andbook orders much beyond their capability and capacity

A sample MIS for inventory control to correlate the invoices with delivery of material sitewise is enclosed at Annexure 3 which is of immense value in monitoring the cost,

wastage, quantity and quality of equipment and material. Item Wise Inventory control-Pjt.xls

Bill of Material: Based on technical requirement, past experience, documented sitewise requirement, availability and cost of material bill of material is prepared which laysdown the quantity of each item. This gives a very fair idea of the scope of work to thevendor and also to the client in monitoring and controlling the cost.

Scheduling of delivery of material and equipment: Deliveryschedule of material andequipment is prepared based on the roll out plan, site wise requirement of equipmentand material, planned progress at site, capabilities of vendors and to cater for reservesagainst unforeseen contingency. The warehouse and logistic department is informed

accordingly for procurement and storage.

Networking

Network analysis is a generic term used to signify techniques that use networks andbasic critical path concepts for planning and scheduling and are graphical numeric innature. This depends basically upon graphical portrayal of work plan in the form ofnetwork and then their numerical analysis to yield information. It requires complete breakdown of the tasks into its component jobs and preparation of network showing thesequence as well as the inter-relation ship between the various operations.

However, developing separate networks for each cell site is time consuming, consistingof voluminous paperwork and difficult to decipher quickly and objectively. Keeping this inview project planning schedule customized to the specific requirement of GSM/CDMAprojects was designed and developed and is attached at Annexure 4. This schedulelays down the planned duration of each activity and the delivery of the material wasintegrated with the planned progress. Planning Schedule xls

Daily Progress Reports (DPR). DPR is customized by individual clients based onessential information required, terrain and activities. Generally it consists of name/ID ofsite, planned and actual completion of site layout, excavations, reinforcement,concreting, bolt casting, tower delivery and erection, shelter delivery and installation DGinstallation & commissioning, AC commissioning, Electrical works, EB connection,

boundary wall and security room.

The systems are most effective as at a glance the management is able to assess theprogress of each activity at respective sites, identify the problems, if any, and takeimmediate corrective measures.

Tracking Sheet for Civil Works: Civil works is the critical activity in the completion ofcell site as erection of tower; shelter and DG depend on its timely completion. Furtherthe quality of civil work play a major role in the stability of the structures. With this in view

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the tracking of civil work is of paramount importance and accordingly tracking sheet wasdesigned and developed which lays down the planned and actual duration of completionof each activity. The progress is monitored, delivery of the material re-scheduled ifrequired. The sample tracking sheet is attached at Annexure 5 Civil Works TrackingSheet.xls

Documentation

Documentation helps in standardization of work methods to attain consistency inoperations. It serves as reference to management, site staff and contractors to createcommonality of views and communication between them. It helps in providing feed backfor improvement in practices, techniques, methods and specification for future projects.Accurate, complete and detailed records can be invaluable in time of accidents orstructure failures.

The major types of records to be maintained are:

Site Folders:o Drawings of the location & key plan, structural and as built drawings,

electrical, earthing grid and equipment layout in shelter.o Vendor details

o Commissioning reports of AC and DG

o Warranty certificates

o Electrical configuration

o Check lists, pour certificates

o Acceptance testing report

o Cube test results

o Punch points Register

Security guard attendance registers. Verified by respective site engineers

Diesel Consumption Register:: Giving hour and energy meter readings,quantity of diesel in tank and filled. Verification by security

Material register: Details of receipt and dispatch of material to othersite/warehouse etc

Visitors register: Incorporates details of visits by site engineers, qualityteams and others

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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In recent years industry has increasingly aware of rising construction cost andperception of increased quality problems and the way to increase profit is to reduce thecost of poor quality rather than to increase sales. The need for structured and formal

systems of construction management to address the aspects of performance,workmanship and quality has arisen as a direct result of deficiencies and problems indesign, construction, materials, and maintenance operations. These deficiencies costthe industry a huge amount of money and many might be alleviated through training,greater care and attention to standards of performance and quality at design andconstruction stages.

Explicit as possible, identification and meeting/exceeding the customer requirements isfundamental basing point of effective quality control. Customer satisfaction is of primeimportance and it should be a continuous process rather than one time endeavor. It isever changing. What is considered quality today may not be good enough to beconsidered quality tomorrow.

Achieve the highest standard and expertise through continuously, developingand improving the quality plans and standards.

Meeting commitments

Monitoring the quality plan in respect of performance vis--vis laid down qualityparameters, cost, time or any other activity.

Human resource development

Stringent quality standards for pre-qualification of vendors.

Documenting punch points and corrective measures undertaken.

Quality Plans and Standards

Specific to GSM/CDMA projects the plan should include the standard for each activity.Instead of quoting the IS code the relevant features of the code should be included andthe focus should be on practicality and constructivity, For example incase of civil worksinstead of quoting IS 456, add the clauses and standards on water cement ratio, formwork, cover, concreting, reinforcement amongst others.

Few of the salient requirements in respect of major equipment are as under:

Tower

Galvanizing of fabricated steel as per IS 2595 with a minimum thickness of 85microns

Welding by electrodes conforming to AWS:E6013

All members provided with marking for ease of construction

Bolts and nuts as per IS 1363 and washers IS 5369

Incase of new customer prototype of tower be got approved before dispatch tosite

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Erection

Verticality of the tower to be ensured and tightening of bolts after properalignment and verticality of tower is ensured

Check nuts must be provided as in addition to assistance in achieving verticalityof tower it also provides additional support to the bolts.

Painting of tower with one coat of primer and two coats of approved enamel paint

Erector to comply with safe erection practices and guard against hazardous andunsafe working conditions.

Provision of sincom below base plate

DG

Fuel tank with level indicator, filler cap with lock, feed connection to engineamongst other accessories.

AVM pads of poly pond make

Locking arrangements for canopy

Residential silence

Alarm systems

Neutral for earthing

Shelter

No breakages in walls, roofs, doors of the shelter

No depression in floors

Proper anti static flooring

Locking arrangements for door

Electrical

Earth pits as per drawings

Earth value not exceeding

Provision of insulators, especially below bus bars

Proper crimping of joints and provision of clamps

Proper routing of cables

Use of approved makes and brands

Civil Works

Layout as per drawing and jointly verified by client, vendor and owner

Approved makes of cement, steel and bricks to be used.

Check date of manufacture and quality cement before use

Bending and laying of steel as per drawing and bar bending schedule

Provision of cover blocks. No bricks/ wooden pieces will be used

Water cement ratio to be maintained

Center to center distances and level of columns to be ensured. Compaction of earth work ensured

Cube tests for compressive strength to be undertaken and documented.

Meeting of Commitments

In order to gain the confidence of clients it is of paramount importance that commitmentsare met within the mutually acceptable time frame. Failure to meet commitments is due

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to unrealistic assessment of time, cost and orders in hand. Commitment should be madeafter analyzing the following:

Financial resource including capability to raise funds through banks or/ andfinancial institutions

Availability of experienced and qualified human resource

Order book

Availability of teams

Availability of subcontractors

Monitoring of Quality

Laying down detailed plans and preparation of check lists are of no value incase theseare not implemented on ground. The quality needs to be checked during the designphase and thereafter during and after construction at site. In addition to quality checks itis important that the site staff is trained at site on the quality measures to be adoptedand on immediate corrective actions.

Human Resource Development

Human resource development is one of the most essential ingredients of developingcustomers confidence and meeting commitments made to the customer. Training playsan important role in developing the knowledge, methods, techniques and awareness ofhuman resource.

Training method as a change replaces the old view with new tangible, practical andconcrete behaviours and techniques. The curriculum should be need based andcorrelated to the engineering operations in the field. Paramount features of techniqueare:

Consist of project specific requirement

Project management techniques and methods

Tools and techniques to improve quality and project delivery performance

Identification of risks and remedial measures to overcome them

Changes and trends in customer requirements, business management systemsand practices

Continual improvements in preventive and corrective actions.

Realistic and specific case studies which in addition highlight lessons learnt.

Pre qualification of Vendors

Vendor pre-qualification analysis is defined as a process used to determine his

competence to meet specific requirement for performance of specific task. Selection ofappropriate vendor is very important in achieving quality performance failing whichmultiple problems will be encountered in the project.

Expertise: The selection of vendor for particular work will depend upon his expertise in aparticular sector of operation and business segments. For example electrical contractorwith knowledge of electrification of buildings will not be effective in executing electricalworks at cell sites.

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Financial Stability: Depending upon the liquidity situation in the economy, payment tovendors may become erratic. The vendor should have reserve funds to tide over thefinancial stringency.

Liquidated Damages: Analysis of the vendors exposure to penalties and liquidateddamages is essential. It indicates its attitude towards commitment to complete the work

as per schedule achieving customer satisfaction

Order Book of the Vendor: The vendors have the tendency to book orders beyondtheir capability and resources. This results in delay and poor quality. To avoid facingproblems during the execution of project; need is to analyze the order book of the vendorwith its available resources.

Dispute with Clients: Few vendors have a history of raising claims, enter into disputesand go into arbitration instead of mutually resolving the issues. Such vendors beavoided.

Documentation of Punch Points

After under taking quality inspections the punch points need to be documented indicatingthe name of site, punch points, person who has carried out the inspection and name ofcluster head/site engineer. Corrective action taken and removal of each point is recordedagainst respective punch points.

Supervision at site

The main objective of site supervision is to ensure that requirement as defined incontract documents are correctly interpreted and problems are satisfactorily resolved.Salient features are:

Define responsibility so that there is no overlapping of activities andresponsibilities

Define specific functions of personnel and extent of delegation of powers,responsibilities and authority.

Avoid passing of responsibilities especially incase of failures

Supervisors are thoroughly conversant regarding the scope of work, qualitystandard required and resource available to him.

Supervisors possess requisite knowledge

Regular quality and performance checks by managers

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FINANCIAL AND WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT

Financial Management

Financial management of construction industry in general and telecommunicationsin particular are unique as well as complex. Unique because they are both differentfrom manufacturing industry and complex because there are many areas wherefinancing is requiredA good accounting system is a sine-qua-non for success of any project. It is no lessfor telecommunication projects, which involves execution of diverse tasks in a tightframe through involvement of many agencies, vendors and person. The systemshould be transparent and meet the specific requirement of the project.

o In telecommunication projects comprising of diverse types and numbers

of items it is likely that few items are not invoiced, especially when termsof payments specify invoicing in phases.

o Ensure that double payment is not released to the vendor

o At a glance indicate the respective vendors work load

o Indicate the overall expenditure per site.

In order to meet the above requirements the following systems cater for the specificcustomized need of capitalization of expenditure site wise, financial control and cashflow to monitor expenditure.

o Template of Operations Attached at Annexure 6 acted as a base forTemplateof operations xls

o Invoices for all items raised to the customer

o Invoices of all materials and services raised by vendors

o Assists in compiling the estimated cost of respective sites.

o Vendors invoices Account Attached at Annexure 7 Vendors Billing Statement.xls

o Gives details of PO, amount, payment released taxes etc

o

Monitor the release of paymento Avoids double payment for the site

o Billing Status: Attached at Annexure 8 Vendor & Site wise Expdr .xls

o Correlates the expenditure between sites and respective vendors

o Compiles over all expenditure of sites.

o At a glance indicates the vendors work load

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Warehouse Management

Scopeo Design, develop the operating and accounting system of all telecom and passive

infrastructure itemso Round the clock security and up keep of warehouse

o Provide adequate fire fighting equipment

o Stock verification every month

o Keep the management informed on the stock position

o Monitor the stock position of equipment and material critical to the project.

o Monitor the unused material in good or non serviceable condition.

MISo Stock position indicating the receipt , issue and balance material

o Site wise distribution of material and equipment

o Correlate the distribution of material to sites with respective invoices.

o Configuration of equipment: Gives details of vendors, make, serial numbers and

capacityo Warranty and commissioning dates of each equipment

Work Plano Staff: It will depend upon the work load, customers requirement and the quantity

and types of materials and equipment handled. Generally the following arerequired:

o Ware House Manger One

o Executive/Supervisor One

o Helpers Two

o Security guards 3 on 8 hourly basis

Timingso Suitable timings for receipt and issue of materials/equipment are fixed

depending upon terrain, location, customers/project requiremento Incase of emergency the material may be received or/and issued other than

specified timings with specific permission of circle head or project manager.

Stock Reconciliation

It is of paramount importance that reconciliation of stock is carried out every month,preferably on the last day of the month and the variations, if any, are resolved at theearliest.

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OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT

Scope

To coordinate the entire O&M activities required for as well as warranty supportas per the provision in respective agreements with the vendors and customers

Coordinate with State Electricity Boards with regard to supply and consumptionof power

Filling and accounting of diesel for DG sets

Assessing the requirements of running and major spares based on the pastexperience

Ensure implementation of repairs and replacement parts covered under respectivewarranty clauses.

Lay down response time for repairs and rectification in coordination of vendors

and clients.

Parameters

While designing the system the following to be considered:o Keeping in view the experienced gained from similar projects, compile the likely

faults and the urgency of repairs.o The terrain, driving time and transportation system

o Availability of vendors, type and availability of skilled labour and facilities

o Analysis of running spares and repairs.

Equipment

Generally the following major types of equipment/services are required to be maintained:o 15/25 KVA DG sets

o 2x1.5 Ton/2x2ton Air conditioners

o 400/330/360 Battery bank

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o SMPS

o ACDB/Power Interface Unit

o Commercial mains supply(including energy meter, power cables etc)

o Fire detection system

o Prefab shelter

o Tower/ mast. (MW, GSM antennas if in scope)

o Alarm system

Documentation

Site wise details of commissioning reports of all equipment on sites

Warranty certificates and clauses.

Details of equipment installed giving the vendor, capacity and serial numbers ofeach equipment. Sample at Annexure 9 Electric Configuration.xls

Details indicating site wise date and time of receipt and description of complaint,complaints, completion, spares used duly verified by the customer/site engineer.

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