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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Metal is frequently machined using many processes in order to create pieces of
specific shape and size. For example, metal may be welded, moulded, cast, trimmed, slit
or sheared. These procedures often create ragged edges or protrusions. The raised
particles and shavings that appear when metal blanks are machined are referred to as
burrs, and the process by which they are removed is known as deburring.
A burr is a raised edge or small pieces of material remained attached to a work
piece after a modification process. It may be present in the form of a fine wire on the
edge of a freshly sharpened tool or as a raised portion on a surface, after being struck a
blow from an equally hard or heavy object. A normal burr from well-maintained tools is
usually less than 10% of material thickness. If burrs are not acceptable (burr-free
requirement), then deburring needs to be done. Typically deburring results in a rounded
edge with a radius of 0.05 to 0.075 mm (0.002 to 0.003 in).
Burr formation in machining accounts for a significant portion of machining costs
for manufacturers throughout the world. Drilling burrs, for example, are common when
drilling almost any material. The Boeing 747 airplane has approximately 1.3 million
holes drilled in it,[ most of which have to be deburred to some extent. As one could
imagine, the cost and time needed to perform these drilling and deburring operations is
significant.
In addition to drilling, milling is also a source of burr formation in machining.
One good example of unwanted burrs is in the automotive industry where cylinder
blocks, pistons and other engine components are cast then milled to a specific
dimension. With higher and higher demands placed on accuracy and precision, burr
formation is of critical importance because it can affect engine performance, reliability,
and durability.
1
Deburring is important for quality, aesthetics, functionality and smooth operation
of working parts. It is also important for safety. Even a small notch can cause moving
parts to catch, creating the potential for accident, injury or unnecessary delay in
production. Rough edges can also cause injury when individuals are required to handle
blanks. Each of these preventable problems can cost companies a great deal of money.
Deburring is done by tumbling parts in a barrel or a vibratory bowl, along with
finishing media. Ceramic media is often used for steels. For softer materials, plastic
media, walnut shells etc can be used. This type of deburring is usually confined to
unfinished materials. For materials that are already finished, such as pre-plated or pre-
painted materials bulk deburring operations are not suitable, because the deburring will
remove the finish along with the burrs. For these materials, other forms of deburring
such as belt sanding or hand filing will have to be done with the associated higher costs.
2
1.1 DESIGN FLOW CHART:
Fig 1.1 Design flowchart.
3
PROBLEM IDENTIFIED -BURR
BURR REMOVAL
DRILL HEAD FOUND
PILLAR TYPE OR INCLINED ONE
INCLINED TYPE SELECTED
SEARCHING OF THE AVAILABLE MATERIALS FROM JUNK YARD
SELECTING THE SEQUENCE
FABRICATION
FINAL TRIALS
CHAPTER-2
CASTLE NUT
2.1 DEFINITION:
A slotted nut that allows insertion of a cotter pin to prevent rotation. Usually
manufactured from metal with various sizes.
A castellated nut, also called a castle nut or slotted nut, is a nut with slots
(notches) cut into one end. The name comes from the nut’s resemblance to the
crenellated parapet of a medieval castle.
The bolt or axle has one or two holes drilled through its threaded end. The nut is
torqued properly and then, if the slot isn't aligned with the hole in the fastener, the nut is
rotated to the nearest slot. The nut is then secured with a cotter pin or safety wire which
passes through the lateral aperture in the bolt and through corresponding diametrically
opposite slots in the nut.
Castellated nuts are used in low-torque applications, such as holding a wheel
bearing in place.
2.1.1 History of this Word
"castle" is from "castellum" (fortress), spoken by ancient people in central Italy around
700 B.C.
"slot" is from "esclot" (horse's hoofprint), spoken in France
which is from "slodh" (track), spoken by people in North England about 800 A.D.
"nut" is from "hnutu", spoken by people in England during 450-1100 A.D.
4
2.1.2 Slotted Hex Nut Lock Nuts Properties - ANSI / ASME B18.2.2
Description
A hex nut with opposed slots cut into the top of the nut
through the centers of the flats. The slots are on the end
opposite the bearing surface.
Applications
&
Advantages
The slots are for the insertion of a cotter pin to secure the nut
when used with a drilled shank fastener. Commonly used in
the automotive industry to secure front wheel bearings /
wheel hubs to spindles on cars and trucks.
Material
Nuts shall be made from a low carbon steel which conforms
to the following chemical composition requirements:
Carbon: 0.47% max;
Phosphorus: 0.12% max;
Sulfur: 0.23% max;
Hardness Rockwell C32 maximum
Proof Load 72,000 psi
2.2 BURR FORMATION:
Due to the slot formation in the nut the metal at the inner side of the work tends to fold
which will form the burr at the inner face. This burr is formed before the threading
operation.
5
CHAPTER-3
NEED FOR DEBURRING AND DEBURRING METHODS
1. Deburring is important for quality, aesthetics, functionality and smooth operation
of working parts. It is also important for safety.
2. Even a small notch can cause moving parts to catch, creating the potential for
accident, injury or unnecessary delay in production.
3. Rough edges can also cause injury when individuals are required to handle blanks.
4. Each of these preventable problems can cost companies a great deal of money.
3.1 METHODS OF DEBURRING
1. Abrasive substances may be applied, or abrasive cloths may be used to rub the
metal in order to remove thin shavings and small notches, as well as to polish the
piece.
2. Water under high pressure is forced at the targeted area.
3. By repetitive filing or use of a grinder to smooth away nicks and fragments.
4. Deburring can also be done by designing a machine with a deburring unit.
5. The most common methods of deburring are sanding and filing. Sanding may be
accomplished with a power sander, or simply by touching up the worst spots by
hand. Edges may also be finished with a router.
6. Deburring can be done by using wire brushes.
7. Deburring can also be done by manual operation
6
Fig no 3.1 Deburring tools.
7
3.1.1 Deburring Using Wire Brushes.
Abrasive Nylon Deburring Brushes available In
Aluminum Oxide, Silicon Carbide, Ceramic &
Diamonds in Various shapes like -
Disc Circular
Inside Deburring (I.D.) End Brush
Tufted (staple set) Miniature
Spindle Mounted Cup type
Strip Brush Spiral Brush
Manual Tied Profile Brush
Fig 3.2 Wire brushes.
8
CHAPTER-4
MECHANICAL PHASE
4.1 MECHANICAL PHASE
The mechanical part of our project actually consists of the following steps.
1) Setting up a suitable guide arrangement for the drill head.
2) Arranging guiding setup for work piece.
3) Fixing the two guide plates with the base.
4) Aligning the centre point of the tool with that of the work centre.
5) Drilling holes and placing the cylinders to full fill the sequence.
6) Making the guide ways according to the requirement.
4.2 MECHANICAL OPERATIONS
1. Milling the base plate .
2. Brazing the end effecters of the cylinders.
3. Grinding the extra metal in the end effecters.
4. Drilling the plates for fastening.
9
4.3 FABRICATION PROCESS
1. The machine which is made using a dismantled drill head attachment of a US
based machine. The guide ways are also fabricated based upon the availability.
The guide ways is bolted to the guide plate. The pneumatic cylinders are bolted to
the guide plate.
2. The guide plate which is used is then attached to the supporting plate with an
inclination of 35 degree for gravity feed of work. The drill head is also attached to
its inclined guide base and to then bolted to the supporting base.
3. Four separate cylinders are used to fulfill the sequence of operation out of which
two are single acting and two are double acting cylinders.
4. The single acting cylinders are used for the stopping action and is controlled by a
3/2 DCV.
5. The double acting cylinders are used for tool feeding, separating and for the
clamping action and is controlled by a 5/2 DCV.
6. Pencil cylinder is used to control the mechanical actuator switch in the tool
cylinder.
10
CHAPTER-5
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS PHASE
1. Selecting the appropriate motor for the spindle.
2. Fixing a DOL starter for the main spindle motor.
3. Wiring the solenoid coil for actuation.
4. PLC.
11
5.1 PLC STRUCTURE
Fig 5.1 PLC structure
5.2 BASIC COMPONENTS
The basic components of a PLC are listed below
i. Power supply
ii. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
iii. Inputs Modules
iv. Outputs Modules
12
The general structure of programmable logic controller is as follow:
Fig 5.2 General Structure Of PLC
5.2.1 Power supply mode:
There are several types of power supply mode
1. 240V ac supply
2. 110V ac supply
3. 24V ac supply
13
5.2.1.1 Function:
Provides all the voltage level needed to operate the PLC. Converts 110V AC or
240V AC into the DC voltage required by the CPU, memory, I/O interface
Fig 5.3 Example of a power supply module
5.2.2 Central Processing Unit (Cpu)
5.2.2.1 Function:
Receives information from input interface, process according to the program
stored, update the output information.
5.2.2.2 Memory
Memory location is an address in RAM or ROM where a group of bits can be stored
14
Grouping of bits depending on PLCs:
i. 8 bits per word
ii. 16 bits per word
iii. 32 bits per word
LSB : Least Significant Bit - Digit that represents the smallest value
MSB : Most Significant Bit - Digit that represents the largest value
5.2.3 Inputs Module
To receive and convert field signals from pushbuttons, sensors or
switches into a form that can be used by the CPU
Fig 5.4 Input module
5.2.4 Outputs Module
Takes signal from the CPU and translates them into forms that are appropriate to
produce control actions by external devices such as indicator lights, solenoids or
motor starters.
15
Fig 5.5 Outputs module
16
Fig 5.6 Input/output processing
5.3WORKING OF PLC
1. Bringing Input signal status to the memory of CPU
Fig
5.7 Input signal status to the memory
17
Input
module
CPU
PII PIQ
Field signals
2. Processing of signals using program
Fig 5.8 Processing of signals
3. Spring the result of processing in the internal memory
Fig 5.9 Internal memory processing
18
User program
CPU
PII PIQ
Internal timer
Internal counters
CPU
PII
PIQ
4. Sending process output image to module
Fig 5.10 Signals to output module
19
CPU
PII PIQ
Output
module
Field control
CHAPTER-6
PNEUMATICS PHASE
The pneumatic section consists of the following steps.
1) Selecting the cylinder based upon the maximum pressure.
2) Selecting the directional control valve based upon the cylinders used.
3) Placing the FRL unit and silencers.
4) Connection of tubes.
5) Clamping at the areas at which two tubes are connected.
6.1 PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS USED
The following are the pneumatic components used to satisfy the sequence.
1) Pneumatic cylinders -4
i. Clamping cylinder.
ii. Separating cylinder.
iii. Stopper cylinder.
iv. Forward and retract motion of drill head.
2) 5/2 Directional control valves-2
3) FRL unit
4) Air compressor.
5) Tubes .
20
6.2 PNEUMATICS BASICS
1. The term double acting is used when the control pressure are applied to each side
of the piston.
2. A difference in pressure between the two sides then results in motion of the
piston, the piston being able to move in either direction along the cylinder as a
result of high pressure signals.
3. For the double acting current through one solenoid causes the piston to move in
one direction with the current through the other solenoid reversing the direction of
motion.
4. The choice of the cylinder is determine by the force required to move the load and
the speed required. Hydraulic cylinders are capable of much layer forces than
pneumatic cylinders. However pneumatic cylinders are capable of greater speeds.
5. The force produced by a cylinder is equal to cross sectional area of the cylinder
multiplied by the working pressure, (i.e) the pressure difference between two sides
of the piston in cylinder.
6.3 INSTALLATION OF THE FRL UNIT
1. The filter is installed upstream from other conditioning components. This protects
internal moving parts in the regulator from harmful contaminants and avoids
fouling the lubricator reservoir.
2. Large capacity filters are available to protect a pneumatic network, but it is more
common practice to install filter in each branch. Likewise regulators are installed
at each branch which requires a specified pressure setting.
3. Some pressure regulators are designed to be mounted on valve manifolds.
4. Lubricators are installed at downstream end of the FRL unit. Just after the
regulator and should be placed as close to the equipment as possible.
21
6.4 AIR CYLINDERS
Air cylinders are the final component in a pneumatic or compressed air control or
power system. They are used in the food processing and packaging, metal working,
automotive, mining, textile, and forest industries. Also referred to as compressed air
cylinders or pneumatic cylinders, air cylinders are devices that convert compressed air
power into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy produces linear or rotary motion.
In this way, the air cylinder functions as the actuator in the pneumatic system, so it is
also known as a pneumatic linear actuator.
The air cylinder consists of a steel or stainless steel piston, a piston rod, a cylinder
barrel and end covers. As compressed air moves into a cylinder, it pushes the piston
along the length of the cylinder. Compressed air or a spring, located at the rod end of the
cylinder, pushes the piston back. Valves control the flow of compressed air to the
cylinder.
There are two basic types of air cylinders-double acting cylinders, which are able
to perform an operating motion in two directions and single acting cylinders, which are
able to perform in one. Other types include rotary cylinders, cable cylinders and rodless
cylinders. They are housed in different styles and named accordingly. These include
stainless steel cylinders, brass cylinders, compact cylinders, miniature air cylinders and
small air cylinders.
6.5 SINGLE-ACTING CYLINDER
The single-acting piston-type cylinder is similar in design and operation to the
single-acting ram-type cylinder. The single-acting piston-type cylinder uses fluid
pressure to provide the force in one direction, and spring tension, gravity, compressed
air, or nitrogen is used to provide the force in the opposite direction.
In some spring-loaded cylinders the spring is located on the blank side, and
the fluid port is on the rod side of the cylinder. A three-way directional control
valve is normally used to control the operation of the single-acting piston-type 22
cylinder. To extend the piston rod, fluid under pressure is directed through the port
into the cylinder .
This pressure acts on the surface area of the blank side of the piston and forces
the piston to the right. This action moves the rod to the right, through the end of
the cylinder, thus moving the actuated unit in one direction.
During this action, the spring is compressed between the rod side of the piston
and the end of the cylinder. The length of the stroke depends upon the physical limits
within the cylinder and the required movement of the actuated unit.
To retract the piston rod, the directional control valve is moved to the
opposite working position, which releases the pressure in the cylinder. The spring
tension forces the piston to the left, retracting the piston rod and moving the actuated
unit in the opposite direction.
The fluid is free to flow from the cylinder through the port, back through the
control valve to the atmosphere in pneumatic systems. The end of the cylinder opposite
the fluid port is vented to the atmosphere.
This prevents air from being trapped in this area. Any trapped air would
compress during the extension stroke, creating excess pressure on the rod side
of the piston. This would cause sluggish movement of the piston and could
eventually cause a complete lock, preventing the fluid pressure from moving the
piston.
Fig 6.1 Single acting cylinder
23
6.6 DOUBLE-ACTING CYLINDER
Most piston-type actuating cylinders are double-acting, which means that
fluid under pressure can be applied to either side of the piston to apply force and
provide movement. One design of the double-acting cylinder is shown in figure 6.2.
This cylinder contains one piston and piston rod assembly. The stroke of the piston and
piston rod assembly in either direction is produced by fluid pressure.
Fig no 6.2 Double acting cylinder
6.7 DIRECTIONAL VALVES
Valves are necessary to control the pressure, flow rate and direction of the fluid.
Pneumatic systems are low pressure systems. Pneumatic valves are made from cheaper
materials (e.g. aluminium and polymer) and are cheaper to manufacture.
The basic symbol for a valve is a rectangle to which external connections are
drawn. Inside the rectangle, the internal connections are shown for the normal position
of the valve.
6.7.1 3/2 Solenoid Valve:
24
Fig 6.3 3/2 Solenoid Valve
3/2 DC valve is used to control single acting cylinder. The term solenoid may also
refer to a variety of transducer devices that convert energy into linear motion.
Fig 6.4 Solenoid Valve.
The term is also often used to refer to a solenoid valve, which is an integrated
device containing an electromechanical solenoid which actuates either a pneumatic or
hydraulic valve, or a solenoid switch, which is a specific type of relay that internally
uses an electromechanical solenoid to operate an electrical switch; For example,
an automobile starter solenoid, or a linear solenoid, which is an electromechanical
solenoid.
Fig 6.5 Magnetic Field Created by a Solenoid.
6.7.2 5/2 SOLENOID VALVE:
25
A B
PEA EB
Fig 6.6 5/2 Solenoid Valve
The two dark blocks represent the two possible valve positions. Actuator symbol
with a diagonal line indicates solenoid operations, return spring symbol indicates at rest
position. The arrow symbols indicate the direction of Gas Flow through the valve.
Letters A and B indicate the Output Port connections for the pneumatic actuators
(cylinders). EA and EB are exhaust ports. P is the fluid supply port.
Besides showing the internal connections, a valve symbol must show how the
valve element is moved. This is done by adding a small box at each end containing the
symbol showing how it is done. Some examples are shown below.
Fig 6.7 Types of operating control valve
26
Note: The center port with the brass One Touch Fitting is the
supply or pressure port.
A Hand lever operated and pilot return. B Pilot operated and pilot return. C Push knob
operated and spring return. D 3 position valve pilot/pilot with spring centring.
E Solenoid operated and solenoid return. F Roller operated and spring return.
6.7.3 Valve Bases
Directional and other valves are usually designed to be mounted on a separate
base. The external pipe work is connected to the base. The advantage of this is
standardisation of designs and it allows the valve to be removed without disconnecting
the pipe work. Hydraulic bases to ISO size 6 and 10 are shown below
Fig 6.8 Valve bases
Machines used in industrial applications use several valves and it is convenient to mount
them on a manifold so that supply and exhaust connections are common to all.This is a
common design for air valves.
6.7.4 Cartridge Valves
These are forms of poppet valve designed to fit into a manifold block. Just about all
valve types can be designed as a cartridge to fit into a block specially machined to accept
it. In this way a bank of valves may be built into one block. The block might contain
directional valves, relief valves, flow dividers, one way valves and so on.
27
6.8 OPERATION OF DIRECTIONAL VALVES
6.8.1 Solenoid Operated Valves
A solenoid is a coil with an iron plunger inside it. When current flows in the coil,
the plunger becomes magnetized and tries to move out of the coil. If a spring is used to
resist the movement, the distance moved is directly proportional to the current in the
coil. Solenoids are used in relays where they operate an electric switch. They are also
used in hydraulic and pneumatic valves to move the valve element.
A direct acting solenoid valve would have the plunger pushing directly on the
valve element as shown. This is more common in pneumatic valves.
Fig 6.9 Solenoid operated valves
28
4 2
5
1
3
4 2
5
1
3
4 2
5
1
3
2
1 3
2
1
clamping cylinderseparator cylinder stopper cylinder
tool cylinder
FRL unit
air supply
Designation Component Description
3/2 Way Valve
5/2 Way Valve
5/2 Way Valve
5/2 Way Valve
FRL unit Air service unit, simplif ied representation
air supply Compressed air supply
clamping cylinder Cylinder, Double-acting, with Two Piston Rods and Single Trestle
separator cylinder Cylinder, Double-acting, with in and out Piston Rod
stopper cylinder Single acting cylinder
tool cylinder Cylinder, Double-acting, with in and out Piston Rod
Fig 6.10 Pneumatic circuit diagram
CHAPTER-7
DEBURRING UNIT
29
7.1 SUGINO NEWTRIC SELFEEDER DEBURRING UNIT
MODEL SN4U
SPECIFICATIONS
STROKE MAX.: 3.15"
SPINDLE TAPER: JT1
THRUST: 310 LBS.
COLUMN DIAMETER: 2"
MOTOR: HORSEPOWER: 1/2
R.P.M.: 1100 Fig 7.1 Drill head
VOLTS: 230/460
AMPS: 1.1/0.55
OVERALL DIMENSIONS: 10" X 5" X 22" TALL
7.2 HYDRO SPEED REGULATOR
1. The regulator will control the forward speed of the spindle to any desired rate.
30
2. The suitable feed can be set to the work piece.
3. A constant smooth rate of travel is obtained.
4. The regulator prevents sudden forward surge breakthrough and thus prevents the
drill damage.
5. It is a compact and essential unit for precision and maintenance of accuracy,clean
finish and long life.
6. It has also other application as like a shock absorber or a linear speed regulator.
Fig 7.2 Hydro speed regulator
CHAPTER-8
FABRICATION PROCESS
31
8.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE
1) The burr in the nut has to be deburred. So the guide ways for the work is
machined to satisfy the sequence.
2) The nut is then dropped in to guide ways and it flows in to the stopper cylinder
which is in extended position and prevents the work to be flow down.
3) Then continuous feeding of the nut is done.
4) The clamping cylinder extends to clamp the work.
5) The separator cylinder extends to separate the penultimate work.
6) The stopper cylinder retracts for effective clamping.
7) The main spindle extends and the deburring action is satisfied.
8) The clamping cylinder retracts to release the machined work which gets collected
at the collection box.
9) The stopper cylinder now extends to stop the flow of the work.
10) The separator cylinder retracts and the penultimate work becomes the ultimate
one.
11) The sequence is then repeated with a time interval of 5 seconds.
8.2 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION:
8.2.1 Deburring Machine Base.
32
The machine base is used to withstand the whole weight of the machine.
Fig 8.1 Deburring Machine Base
8.2.2 Supporting Plate For Guide Ways
This is given with an inclination of 35˚ and it supports the guide plate over
which the guide ways for nut is placed.
Fig 8.2 Supporting Plate For Guide Ways
8.2.3 Supporting Plate For Drill Head.
33
This is given with an inclination of 55˚ and it supports the guide plate over which
the drill head is placed.
Fig 8.3 Supporting Plate For Drill Head
8.2.4 Guide Plate For Drill Head.
This is used to support the drilling unit and in turn bolted to the supporting plate.
Fig 8.4 Guide Plate For Drill Head
8.2.5 Guide Plate For Guide Ways.
34
This is used to support the guide ways which is used to guide the nut.
Fig 8.5 Guide Plate For Guide Ways
8.2.6 Guide Ways
The guide ways are also fabricated based upon the availability. The guide ways is
bolted to the guide plate. These are used to guide the nuts and the ways are designed to
the size of M10 with some clearance.
Fig 8.6 Guide Ways
These are the problems faced during the fabrication process and the solution found to
overcome that. 35
Table 8.1 Problems faced
PROBLEMS
FACED
REASON FOR THE
PROBLEM
SOLUTIONS
FOUND
Pressure is not
maintained at constant
rate
Leakage of air at place of
joining the compressor tube
with the input to the DCV.
The joining is done
with a help of a
clamp.
Nut got stuck in the
guide ways.
Guide ways is not properly
aligned.
The guide ways is
adjusted.
Clamping cylinder not
retracting.
The end effecter of the
clamping cylinder is not
moving freely inside the guide
plate hole
Grinding is done at
the walls of the end
effecter.
Separating action is
not achieved
The top face of the end
effecter is locked with the
penultimate nut.
The top face of the
end effecter is
trimmed
The tool cylinder
extends with great
speed and damages
the work.
Hydro speed regulator is not
working.
Proper lubrication is
done and adjustment
is made.
The deburring action
is not done at the
required point.
The alignment of the inclined
guide base is been altered.
The alignment is
done properly with
respect to the tool
36
Fig 8.7 Functional diagram
BASIC SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
37
Fig 8.8 Basic sequence diagram
CHAPTER-9
AUTOCAD DIAGRAMS
38
9.1 FRONT VIEW - ASSEMBLY
9.2 BASE PLATE FOR CHUTE
39
9.3 BASE PLATE FOR DRILL HEAD
40
9.4 GUIDE WAYS
9.5 ASSEMBLY OF GUIDEWAYS UNIT
41
9.6 SUPPORTING PLATE FOR CHUTE
42
9.7 SUPPORTING PLATE FOR DRILL HEAD
9.8 DEBURRING MACHINE BASE
43
CHAPTER-10
44
CALCULATION
1) Area Of Chip = r θ t
= 5 30 0.5
= 235.6 mm2
Working force = area of chip
= 210 235.6
= 49476 N
Area of tool = d2
= 102
= 314.15 mm2
Tool force = area of the tool
= 220 314.15
= 69114 N
FOS = Tool force/Working force
= 1.5
FOS should be greater than 1. Thus the design is safe.
45
2) = 82; = 172.5;
Where,
- distance of the first bolt from the center of gravity of drill unit
- distance of the second bolt from the center of gravity of drill unit
Assume mass of the drill unit is 50kg
Moment = m g distance
= 500 172.5
= 86250 kgm
f =
=
= 1.872
Maximum loaded bolt = f
= f 172.5
= 322.98 N
FOS =
46
=
CHAPTER-11
TOTAL COST ESTIMATION:
Table no 11.1Total cost estimation
S.N.O CONTENTS COST IN Rs.
1) DRILL HEAD 125000
2) PNEUMATICS 16000
3) ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS 9000
4) PUSH BUTTON BOX 3000
5) FABRICATION 8000
6) CONCEPT DEVOLOPMENT AND DESIGN 5000
7) PLC 10000
TOTAL 176000
47
CHAPTER-12
PHOTOS
FRONT VIEW LEFT SIDE VIEW
48
TOP VIEW ISOMETRIC VIEW
CHAPTER 13
APPENDICES
Feature Values
Standard Cylinder
Round Cylinder
49
CHAPTER-14
CONCLUSION
We have fabricated a deburring machine for the slotted nut of size M10. We planned to
have a vibratory bowl for the automatic work feed. In the mere future we will implement
the guide ways for different sizes and of adjustable type. The deburring machine reduces
the cost from Rs 0.10 by the present method to Rs 0.04 per work by our machine. And
hence we are planning to manufacture the machine in huge numbers and distribute it to
other plants.
50
REFERENCES
Mechanical Deburring And Surface Finishing Technology by Alfred F. Scheider.
Bollinger, J.G. and Duffie, N.A., Computer Control of Machines and Processes,
Addison-Wesley, 1989.
Chang, T.-C., Wysk, R.A. and Wang, H.-P., “Computer-Aided Manufacturing
second edition”, Prentice Hall, 1991.
Kalpakjian, S., Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, Addison-Wesley
(3rd. ed.), 1995.
D.E.Seborg. T.F .Edgar, D .A .Melichamp ,process and control, Wiley. 1989.
G.Wamock programmable controllers; operation and application prentice
Hall .1988
R.W .Lewis programming industrial control systems using IEC 1131. IEE
PRESS.1998
www.google.com
www.festo.com
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