project report

PROJECT REPORT ON

INDIA’S POTENTIAL IN BIOMASS GASIFICATION

A CASE STUDY

Submitted in partial fulfillment for

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA COURSE

In

THERMAL POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

(19th BATCH 2014-15)

Under the Guidance of

Mr. Akshith Jain

Assistant Professor

NPTI (NR), New Delhi

Submitted By

Manu Garg

Roll No 27 B

CERTIFICATEOn the basis of Candidate’s Declaration by Manu Garg (Roll No. 27) student of PGDC, I hereby Declare that the project titled ‘INDIA’S POTENTIAL IN BIOMASS GASIFICATION - A CASE STUDY’ is submitted to NATIONAL POWER TRAINING INSTITUTE (NR) in partial fulfillment of the award of POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA COURSE in THERMAL POWER PLANT ENGINEERING is a study carried by the student under my guidance and supervision.

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge.

Date: 6 August 2015

Place: New Delhi

Mr Akshith Jain

Assistant Professor

NPTI BADARPUR

CANDIDATE’S DECLARATIONI MANU GARG, Roll Number 27 of PDGC 19th Batch NPTI BADARPUR (NR) humbly declare that the project titled ‘INDIA’S POTENTIAL IN BIOMASS GASIFICATION - A CASE STUDY’ is submitted to NATIONAL POWER TRAINING INSTITUTE (NR) in partial fulfillment of the award of POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA COURSE in THERMAL POWER PLANT ENGINEERING under the supervision of Mr Akshith Jain, Assistant Professor.

I have not previously formed the basis for award of any degree or diploma fellowship or any other similar title or recognition.

Date: 6 August 2015

Place: New Delhi

Manu Garg

Roll No. 27(Batch B)

PREFACE

After 68 years of Independence, some corners of our country are still in acute darkness. While the reasons behind this are many, a key potential solution to this problem is the promotion of decentralized power generation through renewable sources of energy. Harnessing these resources to generate off-grid power to supplement conventional energy sources is receiving increasing focus. A number of projects, particularly biomass-based small power projects that have been successfully implemented in villages by enterprising individuals and other organizations have shown great promise.

In the present study, various biomass gasification power-generation models from across the country are evaluated for their techno-economic viability for promotion and scaling up in other states. The case studies compiled here generally describe the decentralized model of electric power generation using biomass gasification technology, with 'agricultural waste' as feedstock. Globally, there are a few concerns over the use of biomass as a fuel, such as conversion of food crop into fuel, conversion of agricultural land under food crops to fuel crop cultivation and conversion of agricultural waste into fuel (as opposed to being converted into soil nutrients). All of these issues are critical with regard to sustainable agriculture, socio-economic development, and food security.

Almost all the case studies chosen for this study had to address various barriers and challenges at various stages of implementation such as access to finance, viability, tariff, and geographic locations. However, these projects have succeeded as standalone plants generating electricity using locally available raw materials. These case studies essentially promoted local socio-economic development, an integral component of the project, while demonstrating their financial viability.

The broader aim of presenting all the successful case studies together is to illustrate that gasification-based biomass power projects are possible and that obstacles can be overcome. All these projects have shown immense potential in scalability, technology demonstration, and sustainability. Overall, there is a need to take a much valuable conclusion and message from these case studies. One of the key lessons is that decentralized power generation projects from biomass must be highly localized in both its design and implementation, along with detailed assessment of local energy requirements and resources.

To make the renewable energy sector a success in India, projects have to be scaled up, replicated, and integrated in the mainstream development strategy to achieve the desired long-term objective.

We are confident that such studies will encourage many other entrepreneurs and organizations, not only in India but also in other countries, to execute similar innovative projects which will provide access to clean and affordable energy solutions for communities.

Key salient features of the study: A strong social vision and a mission to bring energy to poor households has been an

underlined feature across most of the off-grid projects.

All the business models provide direct benefits to the poor households by providing access to clean and reliable energy.

Proprietors and entrepreneurs operate on a combination of market and non-market mechanisms to have access to finance.

The business models contribute to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

All the business models have generated employment opportunities.

ABSTRACT

Due to sharp growth in population and industrial development energy demand is increasing continuously. Although energy production has increased manifold but still there is big gap between production and demand. The major energy demand is met by conventional energy sources .This causes depletion of fossil fuel reserve and environmental pollution. Energy from biomass is renewable energy, being looked at as an alternative of fossil fuel. One of the biomass energy sources is rice hull, which is a very promising renewable energy source as it is indigenous and has environmental benefits. However, the environmental and financial profiles of the electricity generation from biomass must be assessed to ensure reduction in greenhouse gas emission and positive cash flow. Environmental impact potential from rice hull is generally lesser than fossil fuel plants.

The gasifiers produced in India range from 5-500 kW capacities for power generation. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has promoted the biomass gasification programme through subsidies. At present the cumulative installed capacity is 1410 MW. The technoeconomic feasibility of gasification technology for thermal application has been favorable when compared with replacement of petroleum fuel. Mostly, the installed systems are dual fuel based and the fuel replacement varies from 50-60 % at field level. A large amount of surplus crop residue is either burnt due to unavailability of space or remains underutilized due to various reasons. This crop residue can be utilized for power generation through gasification at a higher efficiency.

Table of Contents1. COMPACTION OF BIOMASS……………………………………………………………1

1.1 Gasification-Related Properties of Biomass ………………………………………11.2 Gasifying Mediums………………………………………………………………....11.3 Biomass to Power Generation………………………………………………………21.4 Description of the Circulating Fluidized Bed and Pilot Plant……………………..2

2. BIOMASS POTENTIAL IN INDIA………………………………………………………...4

3. TECHNOLOGY……………………………………………………………………...….5

3.1 Gasification-Related Properties of Biomass………………………………………...53.2 Cogeneration In Sugar Mills………………………………………………………….6

4. DEPLOYMENT …………………………………………………………………………..6

5. RENEWABLE ENERGY BY INSTALLED CAPACITY IN INDIA (MW)…………….7

6. FOREST BIOMASS ………………………………………………………………………..11

7. SUMMITS AND REFORMS BY GOVERNMENT……………………………………….12

CASE STUDIES…..…………………………………………………………………….13

8. Sub-Mega Watt Gasifier Projects (OFF-GRID)…………………………………………..13

8.1 Husk Power Systems in Bihar…………………………………………………………..13 8.2 Decentralised Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd (DESI Power)…………………………………14 8.3 Saran Renewable Energy (SRE) in Garkha, Bihar ……………………………………..15 8.4 AVANI in Uttarakhand (for Captive Use only)…………………………………………16 8.5 Gasification system in Tumkur district, Karnataka ……………………………………..17 8.6 Gasification System at Sunderbans………………………………………………………19 8.7 Gasification Systems at Hosahalli………………………………………………………..20

9. Sub-Mega Watt Gasifier Projects (GRID-BASED) ………………………………………21

10. Mega Watt Gasifier Projects ………………………………………………………………21

11. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………..22

12. REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………...23

1. COMPACTION OF BIOMASS[3]

Compaction of biomass is an important operation to reduce space for storage and increase thermal efficiency. Briquettes of agro- and forest-waste can provide renewable source of energy without addition of any binder. Briquettes have high specific density (1200kg/m3) and bulk density (800kg/m3) compared to 60–180 kg/m3 of loose biomass. It has high thermal value and low ash content compared to coal.

1.5 Gasification-Related Properties of BiomassBiomass contains a large number of complex organic compounds, moisture (M), and a small amount of inorganic impurities known as ash (ASH). The organic compounds comprise four principal elements: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N). Biomass (e.g., MSW and animal waste) may also have small amounts of chlorine (Cl) and sulfur (S). The latter is rarely present in biomass except for secondary sources like demolition wood, which comes from torn-down buildings and structures. Thermal design of a biomass utilization system, whether it is a gasifier or a combustor, necessarily needs the composition of the fuel as well as its energy content.

1.6 Gasifying MediumsGasifying agents react with solid carbon and heavier hydrocarbons to convert them into low-molecular-weight gases like CO and H2. The main gasifying agents used for gasification are- Oxygen- Steam- Air

Oxygen is a popular gasifying agent, though it is primarily used for the combustion step. It may be supplied to a gasifier either in pure form or through air. The heating value and the composition of the gas produced in a gasifier are strong functions of the nature and amount of the gasifying agent used. A ternary diagram of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen demonstrates the conversion paths of formation of different products in a gasifier.

1.3 Biomass to Power GenerationThe gas produced from the gasification of biomass can either be used as feedstock, for example, synthesis gas, or as an energy source for industrial processes such as power generation as shown. Proven technologies are available for the conversion of biomass to synthesis gas, however it has not been possible to achieve economic feasibility except in special cases and therefore further details of this concept shall not be discussed.The concept of power generation from a gas turbine is well established. The compressed fuel gas is burnt with compressed air and the hot exhaust is fed to the gas turbine where part of the heat generator is used as work with the rest released as waste heat. The work is used to generate electricity is used to compress the air. The addition of a heat recovery system after the turbine can increase the overall efficiency.

1.4 Description of the Circulating Fluidized Bed and Pilot PlantThe design of the circulating fluidized bed is based on the principle that the char produced in the gasifier is circulated with the bed material and combusted in a separate reactor to generate the heat required for the gasification process as shown. Ideally, the feed material biomass is fed into the top fluidized bed (gasifier, bed 2) where it is gasified using steam supplied via windbox 2. The char remaining together with some bed material overflow and descend in an annular downcomer surrounding the gasifier into a return leg fitted with an L valve. Here the solids, being fluidized by steam, are forced into the bottom bed (combustor, bed 1) where the carbonaceous material from the gasifier is burnt using air as the fluidizing medium. This has the potential to provide much of the heat energy required for the gasification process which is highly endothermic.

Block Diagram of producer gas electrification system [IISC BANGALORE CASE STUDY]

2. BIOMASS POTENTIAL IN INDIA

India, a tropical country with a vast geographical area is richly endowed with renewable energy sources like solar, wind, biomass which can play a crucial role in meeting end use energy needs in a decentralised manner. It is known that the energy requirement in India is steadily increasing and this requirement is being met by both commercial land renewable energy sources. India, today, has a total installed capacity of about 35777 MW of power from renewables, which is over 13.16% of the total power generation capacity in the country, still leaving a large capacity untapped. Contribution in electricity generation during 1999–2000 was 499450 GWh from commercial sources and 1699 MW from renewable energy sources.

Currently, India is a fifth largest producer of wind power in the world with a wind power generation achievement of 23440 MW, of which 19000 MW comes from commercial projects. Supported by the government, India has one of the largest SPV markets and significant progress has been made in the deployment of small-capacity stand-alone PV systems in the country. Over 710 000 systems aggregating to over 80 MW have been installed. The potential for small hydro (up to 48 MW) is estimated to be 15 000 MW, mainly in the hilly areas of the sub Himalayas and the northeastern regions of India. There are over 580 small hydro projects aggregating 4055.36 MW in India.

When biomass is used to produce power, the carbon dioxide released at the power plant is recycled back into the re-growth of new biomass. This renewable and recycling process makes it possible to generate power without adding to air emissions. Due to the non-availability of the sufficient resources and a considerable amount of emission of pollutants from commercial energy, it is now being felt that renewable energy has to be utilized to a greater extent. In India electric power generation is the largest source of GHG emissions and accounts for 48% of carbon emitted. These concerns point towards more rational energy use strategies.

The current availability of biomass in India is estimated at about 500 millions metric tones per year. Studies sponsored by the Ministry has estimated surplus biomass availability at about 120 – 150 million metric tones per annum covering agricultural and forestry residues corresponding to a potential of about 18,000 MW. This apart, about 5000 MWadditional power could be generated through bagasse based cogeneration in the country’s 550 Sugar mills, if these sugar mills were to adopt technically and economically optimal levels of cogeneration for extracting power from the bagasse produced by them

Biomass has always been an important energy source for the country considering the benefits it offers. It is renewable, widely available, carbon-neutral and has the potential to provide significant employment in the rural areas. Biomass is also capable of providing firm energy. About 32% of the total primary energy use in the country is still derived from biomass and more than 70% of the country’s population depends upon it for its energy needs. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has realized the potential and role of biomass energy in the Indian context and hence has initiated a number of programmes for promotion of efficient technologies for its use in various sectors of the economy to ensure derivation of maximum benefits Biomass power generation in India is an industry that attracts investments of over Rs.600 crores every year, generating more than 5000 million units of electricity and yearly employment of more than 10 million man-days in the rural areas. For efficient utilization of biomass, bagasse based

http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/biomass_bbc.htm

cogeneration in sugar mills and biomass power generation have been taken up under biomass power and cogeneration programme.

Biomass power & cogeneration programme is implemented with the main objective of promoting technologies for optimum use of country’s biomass resources for grid power generation. Biomass materials used for power generation include bagasse, rice husk, straw, cotton stalk, coconut shells, soya husk, de-oiled cakes, coffee waste, jute wastes, groundnut shells, saw dust etc.

3. TECHNOLOGY

3.1 Combustion

The thermo chemical processes for conversion of biomass to useful products involve combustion, gasification or pyrolysis. The most commonly used route is combustion. The advantage is that the technology used is similar to that of a thermal plant based on coal, except for the boiler. The cycle used is the conventional ranking cycle with biomass being burnt in high pressure boiler to generate steam and operating a turbine with generated steam. The net power cycle efficiencies that can be achieved are about 23-25%. The exhaust of the steam turbine can either be fully condensed to produce power, or used partly or fully for another useful heating activity. The latter mode is called cogeneration. In India, cogeneration route finds application mainly in industries.

10 MW Biomass Power Project, Gadchiroli Distt. (Maharashtra State) [1]

3.2 Cogeneration In Sugar Mills

Sugar industry has been traditionally practicing cogeneration by using bagasse as a fuel. With the advancement in the technology for generation and utilization of steam at high temperature and pressure, sugar industry can produce electricity and steam for their own requirements. It can also produce significant surplus electricity for sale to the grid using same quantity of bagasse. For example, if steam generation temperature/pressure is raised from 400oC/33 bar to 485oC/66 bar, more than 80 KWh of additional electricity can be produced for each ton of cane crushed. The sale of surplus power generated through optimum cogeneration would help a sugar mill to improve its viability, apart from adding to the power generation capacity of the country.

30 MW Bagasse Cogen project at a Sugar Mill in Maharashtra[1]

4. DEPLOYMENT

The Ministry has been implementing biomass power/co-generation programme since mid nineties. A total of 288 biomass power and cogeneration projects aggregating to 2665 MW capacity have been installed in the country for feeding power to the grid consisting of 130 biomass power projects aggregating to 999.0 MW and 158 bagasse cogeneration projects in sugar mills with surplus capacity aggregating to 1666.0 MW. In addition, around 30 biomass power projects aggregating to about 350 MW are under various stages of implementation. Around 70 Cogeneration projects are under implementation with surplus capacity aggregating to 800 MW. States which have taken leadership position in implementation of bagasse cogeneration projects are Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. The leading States for biomass power projects are Andhra Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.

5. RENEWABLE ENERGY BY INSTALLED CAPACITY IN INDIA (MW) [1]

Total Renewable Energy Installed Capacity (31 March 2015) [Source Wiki]

Aggregate Biomass Generation In India [9]

Surplus Biomass as a Percentage of Total Biomass in Different Zones Of The Country[10]

6. FOREST BIOMASS

Total forest biomass burned was 39 MTyr-1 accounting for only 7% of the total biomass burning in India. Accidental fires/shifting cultivation accounted 70% and controlled fires accounted 30% of total forest biomass.

Madhya Pradesh (43%)Andhra Pradesh (24%)Orissa (7%)Maharashtra (4%)

together contributed 78% of the total mostly from accidental fires/shifting cultivation. The forest biomass burning was high in the two districts of Andhra Pradesh (Vishakapatnam, Vizianagaram) and east Madhya Pradesh (>150 t km-2) (as these two states account 40% of total).Moderate biomass burning was observed in parts of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra, North-Eastern states of Nagaland and Manipur, and rest of India had low values (<25 t km-2).

7. SUMMITS AND REFORMS BY GOVERNMENT

Case Studies This section includes some successful case studies on small-scale biomass power projects in India.

8 Sub-Mega Watt Gasifier Projects (OFF-GRID)

8.1 Husk Power Systems in Bihar

Husk Power Biomass Gasifier plant

Project at a glance

S. No. Particulars Details 1 Project Proponent (NGO name

with main office address) along with website address

Husk Power Systems Pvt. Ltd. Opposite. Shiv Mandir, Near National Seed Corporation, Shastri Nagar Market, Sheikhpura, Patna- 800 014, Bihar, India Website: http://www.huskpowersystems.com/

2 Contact details of responsible person

Gyan Ranjan E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +256 754 250 786

3 System configuration 25-kW to 100-kW ‘mini power plants’, 100% producer gas based system, single fuel mode

4 MNRE contribution Subsidy of Rs 15/W + Rs 1 lakh/Km (up to 3 Kms)

5 Other contribution Shell foundation, CISCO, Oasis capital, LGT venture, IFC, Acumen fund, DFG

6 Beneficiary contribution Local farmers give rice husk to the HPS people at competitive prices

7 Project location (name of village, panchayat name, taluk/block/district/state)

300 villages in Bihar (approx.)

8 Number of beneficiary 200,000 people benefitted 9 Type of beneficiaries (men,

women, children) and type of benefits

Employing 350 people operating across the State of Bihar

8.2 Decentralised Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd (DESI Power)

Baharbari Village Power Plant, North Bihar Source: DESI Power Project at a Glance

S. No. Particulars Details 1 Project Proponent (NGO

name with main office address) along with website address

DESI Power, INDIA No. 4, 2nd Floor, Above Amanath Cooperative Bank, 4th Main, KHM Block R.T. Nagar Main Road Bangalore - 560080 India Ph: + 91-80-41328160/23431346/23431348 Fax: + 91-80-23431353 Website: http://www.desipower.com/


Dr Hari Sharan Birchstrasse 6, 8472 Seuzach Switzerland Phone: +41-52-335 3500 Email: [email protected]

3 System configuration 20–120 kWe capacity 4 MNRE contribution Subsidies from MNRE 5 Other contribution Loan from bank, promoters equity, women for

sustainable development, Technology and Action for Rural Development (TARA), Baharbari Odyugic Vikas Swavalamvi Shakari Samiti (BOVSS), Ltd.

6 Project location (name of village, panchayat name, taluk / block / district/state)

15 plants in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Bangalore, Bihar, Karnataka, etc.

7 Number of beneficiary 200,000 people benefitted 10 Type of tangible/direct

benefits Cooking energy Domestic lighting Water supply for irrigation or drinking Cold storage for seasonal vegetables and agro-produce

11 Type of beneficiaries (men, women, children) and type of benefits

Employment generation, Promotion of micro-enterprises

8.3 Saran Renewable Energy (SRE) in Garkha, Bihar

Saran biomass gasifier power plant Source: SRE Project at a glance



102, Bajrang Market, Mauna Gola Rd., Chapra, Saran, Bihar – 841301 Telephone: 06152-233049, +91-9431272861 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.saranrenew.in


Ramesh Kumar Managing Director

3 System configuration 128 kWe, downdraft, open top Gasifier, made by NETPRO under license from IISc Banglore

4 Total project funds (INR) Rs 83,00,000 5 MNRE contribution 25% 6 Other contribution Directors of the company, Loan form

banks 7 Beneficiary contribution Farmers grow Dhaincha crop which is

used as a Gasifier feedstock 8 Project location (name of village,

panchayat name, taluk/block/district/state)

Garkha Bihar, another 5 MW plant is planned in Sitalpur, Bihar

9 Type of tangible/direct benefits Rural electrification, Low-cost electricity


Promotion of medical facilities Low-cost Irrigation facilities

8.4 AVANI in Uttarakhand (for Captive Use only)

AVANI pine needle based biomass gasifier power plantSource: AVANI

Project at a Glance



AVANI PO Tripuradevi, via Berinag Dist. Pithoragarh Kumaon 26253, Uttarakhand, India Telefax: (+91) 5964 244943 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.avani-kumaon.org


Rajnish Jain

3 System configuration Pine needle based 9 kWe gasification system, 7.5 kWe is available for productive use.

4 Total project funds (INR) Rs 4.85 lakhs for 9 kWe gasifier and Rs 70 lakhs for 120 kWe gasifier.

5 Beneficiary contribution Collect pine needles 6 Project location (name of

village, panchayat name, taluk/block/district/state)

Kumaon, Uttarakhand

7 Operation hours till now More than 1,500 hours 8 Type of tangible/direct benefits Electrification 9 Type of beneficiaries (men,


Employment generation, use of charcoal as a cooking fuel

8.5 Gasification system in Tumkur district, Karnataka

Biomass gasifier system at Tumkur, Karnataka (BERI project) Source: UNDP Project at a Glance



Project is started under the programme Biomass Energy for Rural India (BERI)


United Nations Development Programme

3 System configuration 500 kWe gasifier 4 Total project funds (INR) Rs 40.96 crores 5 Main contribution Global Environment Facility

(GEF) 6 Other contribution India Canada Environment

Facility (ICEF), Government of Karnataka (GoK), and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).

7 Beneficiary contribution Reduce GHG emissions from the primary use of fossil fuels that were used for various household purposes such as cooking, lighting, fans, irrigation pumps, and other power applications

8 Project location (name of village, panchayat name, taluk/block/district/state)

28 Villages in Tumkur district, Karnataka

9 Date of operation Project period was from April 2001 to December 2006. The project has undergone three extensions, first from January 2007 to December 2008, thereafter to December 2010 and finally up to December 2012

10 Number of households benefitted

2,500 households

11 Type of tangible/direct benefits Electrification


Promotion of biogas plants Irrigation facilities Employment generation through plantation and tree-based farming

13 Cost–benefits (investment, monthly or yearly balance sheet of expenditure and revenues, product life time)

cost economics provided in Summary

14 Units of power generated and estimated GHG reduced tCO2

The 500kWe plant have generated 1,520,000 kWh of electricity as of June 2012, resulting in reduction of 1,200 tons of CO2

8.6 Gasification System at Sunderbans

Biomass gasifier system in Sunderbans Project at a Glance



West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA) initiative in collaboration with MNRE, Sunderban Development Department, Forest Department, and South 24 Paragans Zilla Parishad

2 System configuration 500 kWe gasifier 3 Main contribution MNRE 4 Other contribution State funds 5 Project location (name of


Chotamukakalli, West Bengal


15,000 families

7 Type of tangible/direct benefits Power generation 8 Type of beneficiaries (men,


Small-scale industries Government health centre Employment offered through energy plantation and power plant operation and maintenance Refrigeration facilities, etc.

9 Increase in income to the families (INR/ percentage)

Local people were employed

8.7 Gasification Systems at Hosahalli

Biomass gasifier system in Hosahalli, Karnataka

Project at a Glance

S. No. Particulars Details 1 System configuration 20 kWe gasifier 2 Main contribution MNRE 3 Year of Installation Version 1 : 1988(3.75 MW)

Version 2 : 1999(20 KW)4 Applications Village Electrification, Ilumination,

irrigation, drinking water5 Project location (name of


Hosahalli, Karnataka


10,000 families

7 Type of tangible/direct benefits Meeting all the electricity needs of the village. Lighting and piped drinking water supply using biomass electricity was provided for over 85% of the days during the past six years.


Government health centre Employment offered through energy plantation and power plant operation and maintenance

9 Increase in income to the families (INR/ percentage)

Local people were employed

9. Sub-Mega Watt Gasifier Projects (GRID-BASED)

Grid Connected Gasifier Project in Kothara, Gujarat Project at a Glance



Gujarat Energy Development Authority (GEDA)

2 System configuration 500 kWe gasifier 3 Total project funds (INR) 200 lakh 4 Main contribution MNRE sanctioned Rs 121 lakhs

to GEDA for setting up a 500 kWe grid connected gasifier plant

5 Other contribution GEDA 6 Project location (name of village,


Kothara, Kutch district

7 Date of operation June 2002 8 Type of tangible/direct benefits Power generation

10. Mega Watt Gasifier Projects

Gasifier Project Vadodara Project at a Glance



Ankur Scientific

2 System configuration 500 kWe gasifier 3 Total project funds (INR) Rs 640.67 lakh 4 Main contribution MNRE–UNDP 5 Project location (name of village,


Sankheda Taluka, Vadodara, Gujarat

6 Type of tangible/direct benefits Power generation

CONCLUSION

Assessment of case studies concludes that the electrification through biomass power projects has simplified the life of millions of rural people. The case studies have been categorized as grid, off-grid, and captive power projects. The studies have shown that the projects were started with a self-sustainability approach but they are facing various barriers in the plant operations. The barriers have been identified such as financing of 38 power projects, technology customization, biomass resource management, tariff structure, and lack of government policies on biomass. At the end, it can be concluded that governments should make efforts towards creating a conductive environment for biomass power projects ranging from policy framework to the market development so that entrepreneurs can come up with larger plant capacities (grid and off-grid mode).

To make the renewable energy sector a success in India, projects have to be scaled up, replicated, and integrated in the mainstream development strategy to achieve the desired long-term objective.

REFRENCES

1. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Annual report, 2008- 20092. in.undp.org/content/india/en/home/presscenter/articles/2012/10/09/access-to-modern-

energy-case-studies.html

3. A study of the design of fluidized bed reactors for biomass gasification, Ajmal LatifMEng.,A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY at the University of London, November 1999

4. Performance Scenario and Analysis for Generating Power With Biomass Energy Source: an Approach, Dr Ashwini Mathur, Volume : 5 | Issue : 6 | June 2015

5. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Available online: http://www.britannica.com.

6. SMALL SCALE BIOMASS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA- AN OVERVIEW, Varshney etal./Journal of Engineering, Science and Management Education/Vol. 3, 2010/3340

7. P S Pathak, T A Khan, P Sharma, Biomass production its utilization and surplus for energy generation in India.

8. Biomass management and energy purposes- Issues and strategies, Editors B S Pathak , N S L, Srivastava. Technical publication No. SPRERI/2005/2, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar (Gujarat), 10-35, 2005

9. Potential of biomass gasification for power generation: An assessment of Madhya Pradesh, India ,A.N. Bhatt, Ravi Kumar, doi: 10.6088/ijaser.0020101034

10. http://www.desipower.com/how/business_model.htm,2012

11. Access to Clean Energy: A Glimpse of Off Grid Projects in India (UNDP document) from http://www.in.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/access_to_clean_energy.pdf, Retrieved 29 December 2012.

12. BERI Project, See website Biomass_energy_for_rural_india_factsheet_project, September 2012.

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