Projet d'extension du Laboratoire souterrain de Modane

F. Piquemal Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (CNRS/IN2P3)

Conseil scientifique IN2P3, 5 mai 2011

Soudan

Modane

Gran Sasso

BoulbyYangYangSNOLa

bDUSELHomestake

KamiokaINOWIPP

Canfranc

Deep Underground Laboratories

Physics beyond the standard Model, search for rare events or decays

Proton decay GeV Origin of the creation of deep underground labs

SUSY

Neutrino oscillations and astronomy Mev - GeV Solar neutrinos Atmospheric Accelerators SuperNovae

Neutrino properties MeV Double beta decay Nature and mass of neutrino

Dark matter keV Universe content

Underground Physics

DEEP Underground Labs in Europe

Boulby (UK)IUS

Canfranc (Spain)

Gran Sasso (Italy)

Modane(France)

Coordination efforts in the context of ILIAS And ASPERA networks

Modane

Modane

Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane

CNRS and CEAhttp://www.lsm.in2p3.fr

Built for aup experiment (proton decay) in 1981-1982

Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane

COMMISSARIAT À L’ÉNERGIE ATOMIQUE

DIRECTION DES SCIENCES DE LA MATIÈRE

FRANCE ITALIE

AltitudesDistances

1228 m 1298 m1263 m0 m 6210 m 12 868 m

4700 m.w.e

From a particle physics experiment to a multi-science plateform

1979 - 1981 1982- 1990 1990- 2000 2000 - ….

Construction p Experiment

Proton decayNeutrino: double beta decay, double ECDark matterNuclear structure

Logical test failures in microélectronics

Prototypes Experiments

Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane

Ultra low radioactivity measurement: Environmental sciences, applications

Depth: 4800 m.w.e.

Surface:: 400 m2

Volume : 3500 m3

Muon flux: 4 10-5 µ.m-2.s-1

Neutrons:Fast flux: 4 10-2 n.m-2.s-1

Thermal flux: 1.6 10-2 n.m-2.s-1

Radon: 15 Bq/m3

Access : horizontal

Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane

Budget (full cost): 1 M€/yr Staff: 3 Physicists

3 Engineers7 Technicians

~100 users

International associated laboratory agreement with JINR Dubna (Russia) and CTU Prague (Czech Republic)

LSM: external facility

Permanent exhibitionfor general public

2 000 visitors/year

Offices, workshop, outreach space and guest rooms

Double beta decay : Tracking + calorimeter - 100Mo 7 kg

Neutrino physics: NEMO -3

Dark matter: EDELWEISS

Bolometric technique: Heat + Ionization Ge crystals - 40 kg

x 2

preliminary

Neutrino physicsDouble EC search (106Cd)TGV-II (Ge with sheets of Double EC candidates)

TGV II SHIN

BiPo (related to SuperNEMO, measurement of thin film at the level of 1 µBq/kg)In preparation MIMAC prototype (Dark matter TPC for DM directional detectionMEMPHYNO prototype for megaton – scale cherenkov detector

Other experimentsNuclear physicsSuper Heavy Element In natureSHIN (osmium ore surrounded by 3He neutron detectors)

Neutron detectors at LSM

3He counters Sphere TPC Gd loaded liquid scintillator

Support from ILIAS TARI for the 3 detectors

Scientific activities @ LSM

Radon detectors – sensitivity ~1 mBq/kg (electrostatic collection of radon daughters) Saga University (Japan) and Dubna (Russia))

13 HPGe from 6 different laboratories of CNRS and CEA are available at LSM

Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane

- Material selection for astroparticle physics,

- Environnemental research (oceanography,

climat, retro-observation,….)

- Environmental survey

- Applications (wine datation, salt origin,…)

- Developements of Ge detector (ILIAS)

In Europe, even remote mountain landscapes are man-made

Perspectives

Pin cembro Sapin

Epicéa

Noisetier

Pin cembro

Sapin

Pin cembro

Sapin

Pin cembro

Epicéa

8900 cal. BP

8000 cal. BP

5600 cal. BP

3600 cal. BP

Forest reconquest

Closing of the forest space

First forest opening (human or climate?)

Open space: deforestation

Noisetier Epicéa Pollen data, Villy, Haute Savoie, 2250m asl

Les neutrons et les rayonnements alpha de la radioactivité naturellesont la source d’erreurs dans les circuits de microélectronique

L’utilisation de matériaux « radioactifs »peut entrainer des incidents industrielsmajeurs

Le LSM est laboratoire de référencepour la norme internationale JEDEC en microélectronique

La nano/micro-électronique au LSM

Monte-Carlo Simulation of Underground Experiments

0

50

100

150

200

Nu

mb

er

of

SE

U

Duration ( 104 hours)

1 21.2 1.4 1.6 1.80.2 0.4 0.6 0.80

0.5 ppb

0.37 ppb

0.2 ppb

RT experiment

Simulations

×

• Up to 20,000 h of cave characterization

• -SER reevaluated to 2079 FIT/MBit

• Monte-Carlo simulation gives a contamination level by 238U impurities of 0.37 ppb

• Very good agreement with wafer-level characterization (alpha emissivity) in the range [0.2-0.5] ppb

In 2006, the project of a safety galery along the Fréjus roadway tunnelstarted to be realistic. An unique opportunity

– Deepest site in Europe (4800 mwe) – Known and « good » site (low convergence, dry, stiff rock)– Central location in Europe, easy access (plane, train car) – 23 years experience in running such platform– Independent, convenient, safe, horizontal access– European Roadmap new projects – Integration of project to tunnel company planning and constraints– Performed pre study : moderate cost

ULISSE project ULISSE Project

Scientific Motivation : To be able to host the next generation of neutrino and dark matter experiments To develop the multi-disciplinarity of the laboratory

LSM Extension project

Present LSM

Fréjus roadway tunnel

Safety gallery

New laboratory

LSM extensionLSM Extension project

Comparison of Underground Labs

Neutrino (DBD) SuperNEMO (tracko-calo method)COBRA (solid TPC)

Dark matter:EURECA (Bolometers)DARWIN (noble liquid) EoIMIMAC (TPC)ULTIMA (Superfluid 3He)

Double ECTGVIII Double EC (pixellized detector)Double EC with Ge detectors

R&D for proton decay and neutrino physicsMEMPHYNO

Supernovae neutrinos:TPC sphere

Logical test failure

Low background techniqques

:Environmantal measurement

Sediment in alpin lakes

International call for letter of interest June 2008 12 LoI received and one Expression of Interest

ULISSE Project

2 workshops to present projects

Reviewed by an InternationalScientific Advisory Committee

SuperNEMO @LSM

Inverted hierarchy

Normal hierarchy

Degen

erated

Tracko-calo detector 100 kg of isotopes (20 modules)

55m100m

14,9m22,5m

SuperNEMO @LSM

20 modules shielded by water tanks

Space requirements: 32 m X 15 m

Minimum height: 13 m

EURECA infrastructureEURECA @LSM

Dark matter search with 1 ton of bolometers

EURECA infrastructureEURECA @LSM

Dimensions : 30 m x 14 mHeight : 14 m

EURECA infrastructureLow radioactivity plateform

Ultra low plateform LSM, EDYTEM (Université de Savoie), LSCE (CNRS and CEA), LGGE (U. Grenoble,CNRS), LPSC (U. Grenoble, CNRS)

Improvement of detectors for low radioactivity measurements

Material selection

Use of radioactivity for environmental research :Oceanography : Study of metals in the ocean, studies of water columnsRetro-observation : Human effect on the environment, study of Alpin lakesWater quality : possibility to use sediments to know the state reference for theLake and the river as requested by EUStudies of temperature water effect and fishing on the fish ressourcesClimatologyGlaciology,....

Expertises : environmental survey Wine datation Salt origin,....

Plateforme de Calcul pour les Sciences du Vivant

Virtuous cycle

Modeling the impact of radiation on living cells: Geant4 DNA

Validation: need for relevant observables to characterize biological systems

– Cell survival rate– DNA single or double strain breaks– Molecular biology: genomic

mutations, gene expression Experimental protocol: compare

observables after controlled radiation exposure

– In normal lab conditions– After beam irradiation (γ, e-, p, α)– Need for a reference point at zero-

radiation: Modane

Geant4 DNA

Biologists, computer scientistsPhysicists, chemists

Plateforme de Calcul pour les Sciences du Vivant

The reference point: LSM

In normal lab conditions, cultures are exposed to 10 Millions cosmic rays per day per square meter

– Low but significant radiation exposure

In Modane, down to 4 cosmic rays per day per square meter

Goal: study evolution of model organisms in radiation free environment

– Bacteria life cycle– Mutation rate– Localization of gene mutations, gene expression– DNA breaks

LSM extensionLSM Extension status 1st EQUIPEX call ULISSE demand 19,5 M€

Including : Civil Work (12 M€) Equipments (3 M€) SuperNEMO 1st Module (1,5 M€) EURECA (1,5 M€) MIMAC (0,5 M€) Low radioactivity plateform (1 M€)

ULISSE ranked at 61 position ex-aequoNew strategy : To find the cavity funding outside of EQUIPEX call

To submit equipments and detectors to 2nd call of EQUIPEX

A constraint is to confirm the option for the civil work before September 2011

Funding in discussion for civil work 12 M€

Expected contribution from State, Rhône-Alpes, Savoie and CNRS (~1 M€)

LSM extensionLSM Extension

- Safety galery work started in October 2010

- 600 m excavated, TBM installation in progress

- Laboratory digging end 2012

- Option for laboratory to be confirmed before sept 2011

- Pre-study funded by LSM and UK in 2007- Detailed Studies in 2011 (Rhône-Alpes, Savoie, CNRS)

New LSM in operation mid-2014

LSM extensionLSM Extension

There are several project of underground laboratories around the world

The extension of LSM will be one of the depth laboratory and will be attractive bythe quality of the site and the access.

Complementray offer with the other EU labs

It will allow to host some of the projects of the astroparticle roadmap in particular on double beta decay and dark matter searches.

Developments of the multidisciplibnaire plateform

Possibility to welcome new sciences : biology, geosciences,....

Laboratory built for at leats 40 years, very high scientific potential

Open to international partners

Enrichment of 150Nd for double beta decay

Factor of merit 150NdActivity = A

A0 = M0 2 x G0 (Z, Q) x < m>2

Isotope Q (MeV)Abondance

isotopique (%) G0(an-1) x 1025

48Ca 4.271 0.187 2.44

76Ge 2.040 7.8 0.24

82Se 2.995 9.2 1.08

96Zr 3.350 2.8 2.24

100Mo 3.034 9.6 1.75

116Cd 2.802 7.5 1.89

130Te 2.528 33.8 1.70

136Xe 2.479 8.9 1.81

150Nd 3.367 5.6 8.00

150Nd is the best for GO phase space

Neodynium project started in 2006 with a strong involvement and support from S. Jullian, G. Wormser and S. Katsanevas by studying the possibility to useMEMPHYS AVLIS facility

2008 : Collaboration 150Nd created between SuperNEMO and SNO+ collaborationto study the possibilities to produce high quantities of 150Nd

MEMPHYS facility dismantled in 2008

2010 : possibility to study and built a dedicated industrial facility for 150Nd isproposed by CEA

Status on 150Nd enrichment

Le projet SuperNEMO – Le besoin

• Détecter la désintégration « double bêta sans émission de neutrino » pour déterminer la nature du neutrino

• Isotopes retenus à ce jour : – 82Se :

• approvisionnement possible à court terme• Moins favorable que 48Ca ou 150Nd (bruit, élément de matrice, …)

– 150Nd ou 48Ca• Pas d’approvisionnement en grande quantité possible d’ici 2018• Probabilité plus élevée, meilleur rapport signal/bruit

• Besoin estimé en Nd enrichi : 100 kg de Nd à 60% en 150Nd

Les technologies d’enrichissement du 150Nd

• UCG– Russie : développement en discussion

• Laser : – Russie : production au niveau du laboratoire– France :

• Expérience MENPHIS : 200 kg of Uranium at 2003• Savoir-faire – Livre de procédé SILVA uranium=> Proposition de réaliser une installation pour la production de Néodyme enrichi

Phase du projet

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Etude détaillée

Etude de conception et R&D en support

APS et APD

Réalisation – Construction de l’installation

Production

1

2

3

1 : Décision d’engagement de la phase de définition et de conception (R&D + APS)2 : Décision d’investissement dans l’installation3 : Mise en opération

Phase I(’10~‘12)

Engineering Demonstration (Pilot System) - Fiber-based Lasers - Productivity: 1kg/yr (0.2g/hr)

Phase II(’13~’14)

Production Demonstration (Prototype System) - Productivity: 5kg/yr (1.0g/hr) - System Review

Phase III(’15~’16)

Production (Production System) - Productivity: 25kg/yr (5g/hr)

33

22

11

2828

48Ca enrichment by KAERI (member of SuperNEMO collaboration)

Grant from South Korean governement

Level of enrichment 25%, 50% possible