Prokaryote

Cells

Eukaryote

Plant Animal Protists Bacteria ArchaeaFungi

Nucleus present

Membrane bound organelles

Linear DNA

Single or multi-celled

NO Nucleus

NO Membrane bound organelles

Circular DNA

Single celled

Classify as single or multi-celled, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, & kingdomHuman Multi Eukaryotic Animal

Cat Multi Eukaryotic Animal

Bacteria Single Prokaryotic Bacteria

Oak Tree Multi Eukaryotic Plant

Gold Fish Multi Eukaryotic Animal

Euglena Sinle Eukaryotic Protists

Mushroom Multi Eukaryotic Fungi

Fly Multi Eukaryotic Animal

Snake Multi Eukaryotic Animal

Paramecium Single Eukaryotic Protist

Daffodil Multi Eukaryotic Plant

Cyanobacteria Single Eukaryotic Protist

Virus None

Kelp multi Eukaryotic protist

Methods of Transport• Going in = nutrients, water, sugar, ions,

amino acids, fats, oxygen• Going out = waste, carbon dioxide,

proteins, sugar, hormones• Active Transport

– Requires energy; uses transport protein• Passive transport

– Does not require energy– Moves from high to low concentration– Wants to reach equilibrium

Passive Transport• Diffusion• Osmosis

– Movement of water from area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration (from hypotonic to hypertonic)

• Hypotonic = lower solute concentration• Hypertonic = higher solute concentration

• Facilitated Diffusion

Interphase Prophase

Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Mitosis Meiosis2 identical daughter cells X4 identical daughter cells XChromosomes number halved XChromosomes number maintained X2 rounds of division XOne round of division XSexual reproduction XAsexual reproduction XGenetic variation more likely XDaughter cells identical to parent XDaughter cells not identical to parent XDuplication of chromosomes occurs X XGrowth & maintenance XProduces gametes X

Genetics• Dominant Allele = fully expressed• Recessive Allele = only shows if dominant allele is

absent• Homozygous = having 2 same allele• Heterozygous = having two different alleles• Phenotype = physical and physiological traits; what is

expressed; what you see• Y = yellow; y = greenGenotype Description Phenotype

YY Homozygous dominant yellowYy Heterozygous yellowyy Homozygous recessive green

• A chicken and a rooster mate. The chicken has white feathers and the rooster has brown feathers. Brown is dominant, and white is recessive. Assuming the rooster is heterozygous, predict the frequency of each genotype and phenotype in their offspring.

Flow of Energy in Ecosystem• Heterotrophs = obtain energy through food

they eat• Autotrophs = obtain energy from the sun &

soil• Producers = make own food using sun• Consumers = eats organisms

– Primary consumer• Eats producer

– Secondary consumer • eats consumer that eats producer

• Food chain & food webs– Producers are at the beginning– Decomposers at the end

Living Together• Mutualism

– Both benefit– Ants & aphids

• Commensalism– One benefits other is neither harmed nor

helped– Birds & bison

• Parasitism– One benefits other is harmed– Fungus on trees

• Charles Darwin’s Natural Selection• Organsisms that are best adapted to

environment are more likely to live long enough to produce offspring & pass on traits

• Survival of the fittest

• Adaptation– Structural = organism’s anatomy (wings on a bird)– Physiological = relating to internal body processes

(antibiotic resistance)– Behavioral = how organism reacts & responds to

environment (bird migration)