PropagandaPropaganda

The use of The use of wordswords and and images images

totoPERSUADEPERSUADE

Designed by Ms. Prieur

Fallacy:Fallacy:

False logic False logic

oror

False reasoning False reasoning

used to persuade or manipulateused to persuade or manipulate

an audiencean audience

**FearFear

Appeals to emotionAppeals to emotion

Appeals to EmotionAppeals to Emotion**Basic human needsBasic human needs (food, (food,

clothing, shelter) clothing, shelter)

Appeals to EmotionAppeals to Emotion**Need for love and Need for love and

acceptanceacceptance

Use of SlogansUse of SlogansRepetition of easy-to-remember phrasesRepetition of easy-to-remember phrases

Usually 2 or 3 wordsUsually 2 or 3 words

**Hope and ChangeHope and Change**Peace, Land, BreadPeace, Land, Bread

**Go for it!Go for it!**Better dead than redBetter dead than red

DeceptionDeception

**Telling liesTelling lies

**Not telling the whole truthNot telling the whole truth

**Changing facts Changing facts

Rhetorical QuestionsRhetorical Questions

*Leaders ask questions that the *Leaders ask questions that the audience is not expected to audience is not expected to answeranswer

*they provide the answers so no *they provide the answers so no one has to think for themselvesone has to think for themselves

TestimonialTestimonial

*The use of a famous person to *The use of a famous person to endorse a productendorse a product

BandwagoningBandwagoning

Act now or be left out!Act now or be left out!

Loaded Loaded WordsWords

**DutyDuty * *EnemyEnemy

*Honor*Honor *Liberal*Liberal

**RespectRespect *Conservative*Conservative

*Brother*Brother *Weak*Weak

Hasty GeneralizationHasty Generalization*All*All (all short people are smart) (all short people are smart)*Never*Never (red heads never win) (red heads never win)*Everyone*Everyone (everyone is failing this (everyone is failing this

class)class)*Stereotyping*Stereotyping

False Cause and EffectFalse Cause and Effect““Non Sequiter”Non Sequiter”

which means in Latin: it does not follow.which means in Latin: it does not follow. *I broke a mirror this morning and failed my *I broke a mirror this morning and failed my

science test.science test.

Black or White ArgumentBlack or White Argument

Giving Giving onlyonly two solutions two solutions*“We either fight or we die”*“We either fight or we die”

*“We have to cut education spending or *“We have to cut education spending or have an unbalanced budget”have an unbalanced budget”

Slippery SlopeSlippery SlopeOne step leads to a terrible conclusionOne step leads to a terrible conclusion

““If we have a pep rally, none of the students If we have a pep rally, none of the students will take class seriously. Soon everyone will take class seriously. Soon everyone will be skipping class and failing.”will be skipping class and failing.”

Red HerringRed HerringChanging the topicChanging the topic

““I know unemployment is an issue, but I know unemployment is an issue, but what about potholes?”what about potholes?”

False Use of AuthorityFalse Use of Authority**Doctors give advice on investmentsDoctors give advice on investments

**Athletes as decorating expertsAthletes as decorating experts

**Actors who try to be political analystsActors who try to be political analysts

What does he Know about nail polish?

Attack the ManAttack the Man(name calling)(name calling)

Attempts to Attempts to destroy the character of destroy the character of the personthe person instead of dealing with instead of dealing with

the factsthe facts

Plain FolksPlain FolksLeaders try to show they are “normal Leaders try to show they are “normal

people” people”

just like the audiencejust like the audience

Paris Hilton Brad Pitt Kobe Bryant

EuphemismEuphemism

Re-naming something offensiveRe-naming something offensive*garbage man – sanitation engineer*garbage man – sanitation engineer

*cut wages – redistribution of wealth*cut wages – redistribution of wealth

*between jobs -- unemployed*between jobs -- unemployed

Greek: Good Words

Red – powerRed – power Black – strengthBlack – strength

White – purityWhite – purityGreen – life & wealthGreen – life & wealth

Blue – truth and justiceBlue – truth and justiceOrange – warningOrange – warningPurple – royaltyPurple – royaltyYellow – hope Yellow – hope