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Proposal of “Indonesian Automotive
Industry Transformation
toward Electrified Vehicle”
Ir. I Made Dana Tangkas, M.Si, IPU
President of Indonesian Automotive Institute
SEA of Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia
Toyota Global Leader CEO of Industry and Business Institute of Management
President of Pll - BKTI (Persatuan lnsinyur Indonesia - Badan Kejuruan Teknik Industri)
Chairman of permanent Committe for Metal Industry, Machinery & Transportation Industry in KADIN
• Introduction
Until now it has been proposed and made a Presidential Regulation on the
Acceleration of the Implementation of Electric Vehicles in Indonesia (pending
finalization)
It needs to involve cooperation with various countries as a global supply chain
base and the application of electric vehicle technology
It is necessary to implement and implement electrical technology in an
integrated and step-by-step manner in the development environment of local
production bases for markets and countries as well as international exports
The formation of a national EV Team involving various stakeholders (ABGC-M) to
get comprehensive and concrete input in regulations and their application in
the field
Make proposals / proposals that are integrated & in accordance with the
interests of the nation and sustainable industrial development
HEV
PHEV
+ Charging
BEV
+ +
Fuel Cell H2 Tank
FCEV
Motor
Battery
Inverter (Power Control Unit)
Three Core Technologies for Electrified Vehicles
Motor, Battery and Inverter, are the core technologies which enables to develop various
electrified vehicle
Three Core Technologies and Electrified Vehicles
Engine Charging
+Engine
+ +
Electrified Vehicle A Core Technologies B
Electrified Vehicle Technology and Challenges
Three Core Technology consist of several components which required wide range of
Suppliers and Manufacturing Technology (from Raw Material, Components, Assembly)
Three Core Technologies and main components image
A Three Core Technologies for Electrified Vehicles
Stator
Cooling blower
Battery
Voltage Sensors Battery Module Motor
Motor Battery Inverter (Power Control Unit)
Policy support to electrified vehicles
popularization through feasible incentive to
customers (for purchase), Auto Industry
(minimize supply chain & employment
impact), and infrastructure development
Deeper understanding on benefit of
electrified vehicle. (driving distance with
battery, charging time and operation cost)
Development of infrastructure (e.g. increase
# of charging stations, reliable facility /
operation)
Performance improvement and cost
reduction of electrified vehicle technologies
(especially battery)
GOVERNMENT CUSTOMERS
INFRASTRUCTURE (ENERGY SUPPLY) AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
ELECTRIFIED
VEHICLES
(HEV, PHEV,
BEV, FCEV)
Collaboration of all stake holders is necessary to transform the market, make scale merit and
economically feasible for electrified vehicle
Challenges for achieving “Transformation into Electrified Vehicle” B
Issues and Necessary Step Preparation Steps to Enter “Electrified Society”
Toyota proposes the establishment of “Institutional Body” which coordinate all stake
holders, and conduct “Joint Study” to develop Electrified Vehicle Industry Roadmap
Infrastructure • Conduct study, discussion
to decide necessary station - Number, Location
Supply
Chain
• Study the supply chain of
“Electrified Vehicle” - Impact to existed supplier
- Possibility of parts localization
User
Convenience
• Conduct Feasibility Study to
check the customer
convenience - Price, Charging time
Government
Regulation
• Study other country’s
regulation
-Benchmark with other
countries Policies &
Regulation
• Appropriate number of
charging and Power
Supply
• Develop New Supply
Chain for New Parts
• Negative Impact to Existed
Industry
• High Price
• Long Charging Time
• Need government huge
support for Transformation
Considerations Point for Electrified Vehicle
Issues Action Step 1 Action Step 2
• Based on the report on “4 main
pillars” of EV Penetration, draw
the “Indonesia Electrified
Vehicle Roadmap”
(linked with MOI’s Industry
Roadmap)
Feasible target for shifting to
“Electrified Vehicle”
UIO Target
Parts/Technology Localization
Target
Infrastructure Development
Target
Regulation Introduction Target
etc.
Study the Potential of Indonesia
indigenous resources which can
take a part as Global Supply Chain
of Electrified Vehicle
Industry Transformation and Supply Chain
Example : Supply Chain for Automotive Battery Pack
Automotive Battery Industry consists of several components and required integration
within the supply chain (from Raw Material, Modul and finally Battery Pack)
Supply Chain for Vehicle Battery Pack
Battery Pack
Key Components inside Lithium-Ion Battery
Lithium-ion battery, the heart of electrified vehicle has 4 key chemical components and
most of the leading companies are currently from Japan, Korea and China.
Electrolyte Liquids plays the role as path between
cathode and anode material
Due to easy for copying, each makers
already gotten patent to keep
competitiveness
Main Materials - Cathode Material
- Anode Material
- Separator
- Electrolyte etc.
Key Parts in Li-Ion Battery
Anode Material The second important part which is
made by carbon material
OEM Makers Li-Ion Cell
Electrified Vehicle Vehicle uses electricity as
the energy for driving
Include HEV, PHEV, BEV
and PHEV
Key Players
Lithium-Ion Battery Cell High performance battery
with specification as
compact, lightweight, high
energy density and
rechargeable.
Key Players
Cathode Material The most important parts which
decides battery performance
Uses lithium, cobalt, nickel as the
raw material
Separator Resin insulating material to
preventing cathode and anode
material to come together
Today’s main trend is under 10um
Incentive Patterns that Support National Brands
CBU CKD IKD Component
National
Incentive
Tax A%
Tax B%
Tax C% Tax 0%
• Global EV Initiative
List of announcements about EV targets by global OEMs, as of April 2017
OEM Pengumuman Sumber
BMW 0.1 million electric car sales in 2017 and 15-25% of total BMW
group sales in 2025
Lambert (2017b)
Chevrolet GM) 30,000 electric car sales per year by 2017 Loveday (2016)
OEM China 4.52 million sales of electric cars per year by 2020 CNEV (2017)
Daimler 0.1 million electric car sales per year by 2020 Daimler (2016a)
Ford 13 new EV models by 2020 Ford (2017)
Honda 2/3 of the total sales in 2030 is EV (including hybird vehicles,
PHEV, BEV and FCEV)
Honda (2016)
Renault-Nissan 1.5 million cumulative electric car sales in 2018 Cobb (2015a)
Tesla 0.5 sales of electric cars per year by 2018 1 million electric
car sales per year by 2020
Goliya and Sage
(2016), Tesla (2017a)
Volkswagen 2-3 million electric car sales per year by 2025 Volkswagen (2016)
Volvo 1 million cumulative electric car sales by 2025 Volvo (2016)
EV Challenge • The transformation towards Electric Vehicle will face challenges. • Collaboration from all stakeholders is needed to transform the market, generating
economies of scale adequate and feasible for EV.
GOVERNMENT
INFRATRUCTURE (ENERGY SUPPLY) AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
CUSTOMER
Policies to support the popularity of electri vehicles through incentives for consumers (for purchase), automotive industry (to minimize supply chain & employment impact) and infrastructure development
Development of infrastructure (including the number of charging stations, facilities and reliable operations)
A deeper understanding of the mafaat
electric vehicle (driving distance with battery, charging time and operational cost)
Improved performance and cost reduction of electric vehicle technology (especially battery)
ELECTRIK VEHICLES
(HEV,PHEV, BEV,FCEV)
National branded electric vehicle
• Two wheel: electric motor power 15 kW down;
• Four wheels: 60 kW electric motor power down;
• Manufactured in Indonesia;
• Some or all of its intellectual property is owned by the Indonesian nation;
• Shares of industrial ownership: 51% Indonesia
14
No Year Item
2018 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Remark
1 Total 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0
2 LCEV (HV,PHEV,EV) → Persentase 1 5 10 12 14 16 18 20
3 Penjualan (sales) → LCEV 11 K 75 K 150K 192K 238K 288K 342K 400K
4
Kategori (LCEV) - Publik - Fleet (Pempus,Pemda, Log-Coy,Taxi, Airport) - Other (Dutyfree,special purpose/export)
15% 1650 80% 8800 5% 550
15% 11.250 80% 60.000 5% 3750
25% 37.500 70% 105.000 5% 7500
25% 48.000 70% 134.400 5% 9600
35% 83.300 60% 142.800 5% 11.900
40% 115.200 55% 158.400 5% 14.400
45% 153.900 50% 171.000 5% 17.100
50% 200.000 45% 180.000 5% 20.000
5
Kategori Produksi a) Vehicle b) Main Component
CBU CBU
CKD CKD
CKD/IKD CKD/IKD
CKD/IKD IKD/PxP
IKD/PxP PxP
PxP PxP
PxP PxP
PxP PxP
6 Business Concept a) Vehicle b) Main Comp
JVC,Local JVC,Local
←
←
←
←
←
Local
←
←
←
←
←
←
Local ←
SCENARIO & SIMULATION of LCEV MARKET (Incld. Production Scenario) (Draft)
Jakarta, 12 Maret 2018 (IOI)
Principle Company
Assembler/ Mfg
Supplier
Karoseri
Distri- butor
& Dealer
Charging House
*) Local *) Local
+) Local
MARKET/ Customer
Charging Station (Shop)
+)Local
1) Domestik 2) Ekspor
Industrial / Business Flow For EV
Jenis Investor : 1) Foreigners 2) Local 3) JVC
1) JVC 2) Local
+ 3 Core Technology
1) JVC 2) Local
Outlet
Outlet
*NTA Sarana & Prasana untuk penge-test-an (1) Vehicle Uji Type Uji Emisi -> EnV (2) Component Safety -> NCAP #1 #2 #3 #4 dst. (Battery) (Motor) (Inverter) (Other )
Fasilitas Teknologi Uji & Evaluasi
EV Development Center, Test / Test and Evaluation
[ IMAGE ]
Electric Car
http://www.fiscuswannabe.web.id/2015/08/LISTRIK.html
https://internasional.kompas.com/read/2015/06/25/073100530/Mimpi.Mobil.Listrik.Dahlan.Iskan.Berujung.Masalah
Teknik Metalurgi ITB / ZZ
Baterai
https://www.wealthdaily.com/resources/cobalts-role-in-electric-batteries/107
Teknik Metalurgi ITB / ZZ
Baterai (Electric Vehicle)
https://www.valuewalk.com/2017/11/nickel-secret-driver-battery-revolution/
Teknik Metalurgi ITB / ZZ
Summary
Moving from ICE based into Electrified Vehicle Society,
Indonesian Automotive
transformation (supply
Industry require huge
chains, human resources, customer, after market, infrastructures, policies, etc)
It is necessary for all stake holders to collaborate, not only in domestic but also establish strategic
international partnership.
Supply Chain of Electrified Vehicle Core Technology
requires New Materials (Lithium, Rare Earth, etc),
Processes, Business Model and Indonesia can be part of
Global Supply Chain
Principle commits to work closely with all stake holders for
achieving sustainable Automotive Industry in Indonesia