Protected Areas Climate Change Specialist Group International Union for Conservation of Nature World Commission on Protected Areas Responding to Climate Change: Specialist Group Meeting Report October 7-8, 2015

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Table of Contents

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 3

II. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 4

III. MEETING REPORT .............................................................................................................. 6 Meeting Objectives and Structure ...................................................................................................................................... 6

Exploring the Context ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Recommendations from Sydney .............................................................................................................................................. 7 PACCSG Terms of Reference ................................................................................................................................................... 11 Facilitated Dialogue on the Unique Contribution of the PACCSG ......................................................................... 12

Review Examples of Approaches and Tools ................................................................................................................ 15 GEF-6 BD Strategy, Climate Change and the METT: The past, the present, and the future. .................... 15 Strengthening Management Effectiveness and Resilience of Protected Areas to Safeguard Biodiversity Threatened by Climate Change .................................................................................................................. 17 IUCN Best Practices Guidelines: Managing Protected Areas in the Face of Climate Change: Guidance for Protected Area Managers and Planners.................................................................................................................... 21

From Recommendation to Action: A Logic Model Approach ............................................................................... 23 Criteria for Prioritizing Actions to Advance the Recommendations ................................................................... 23 Developing a Work Plan: Identifying Activities and Resources ............................................................................. 25

Final Discussion and Wrap Up .......................................................................................................................................... 29

References ........................................................................................................................... 30

Appendix I: Complete List of Participants .............................................................................. 31

Appendix II: Workshop Agenda ............................................................................................ 33

Appendix III: Workshop Photographs ................................................................................... 34

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Following the 6th World Parks Congress that took place in Sydney in November 2014, the World Commission on Protected Areas identified the need to create a Protected Area Climate Change Specialist Group (PACCSG) to build on the momentum created by the Congress and with the intent of moving forward with the 6 Recommendations of the Responding to Climate Change Stream, produced at the Congress as part of the Promise of Sydney. The first meeting of the PACCSG was held in Morelos, Mexico on October 7-8, 2015 and aimed at 1) Establishing the role of the PACCSG and where this group fits in with many other climate change initiatives within and outside the IUCN, 2) Reviewing examples of adaptation tools and initiatives for mitigation and adaptation to climate change, 3) Initiating a work plan with short-term activities and long-term commitments, and 4) Establishing some key milestones to advance the work of the group, including the World Conservation Congress (Hawaii 2016) and the Convention on Biological Diversity - COP13 (Mexico 2016). The 23 participants represented a diversity of experts and practitioners from a wide range of perspectives and multiple regions (North America, South America, Europe, and Australia). Many individuals brought viewpoints from outside the protected area community in order to help establish a context and focus for the particular role and value of a protected area network on climate change. The group discussed the importance of maintaining a broad scope for the work of the PACCSG and several additional sectors were identified for future participation, including indigenous groups, youth, marine specialists, representatives from other regions, and the private sector. Key strategies to be pursued include the development of communication materials specific to various topics and audiences and promotion of its dissemination through the adequate means and harnessing the role of IUCN as an observer to UN processes. Also, the role of PACCSG to offer concrete guidance to PA managers around the world was highlighted in the work plan. By building on the expertise of its participants, implementing the identified activities, as well as fostering strategic partnerships, the PACCSG expects to further the ideas outlined in the Promise of Sydney and help mainstream the message of Protected Areas as natural solutions to climate change.

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II. BACKGROUND Protected Areas (PAs) are now recognized as decisive tools for sustainable development and the fight against climate change. Beyond conserving species and ecosystems, PA supporters are advocating for ensuring that decision makers from all levels (global, regional, national and subnational) and sectors (including productive sectors) acknowledge the importance of conserving PAs. Poverty eradication, water and food security, facing climate change, and achieving sustainable development that is consistent with economic, social, and environmental goals are among the world’s most pressing needs. Conservation within and beyond PAs represents an efficient, cost-effective way to support said needs. In this context, PA supporters are currently facing the challenge of incorporating this concept into international negotiations, as well as national agendas. In this regard, on September 25th, the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, to be implemented by all countries, which seeks to build on the Millennium Development Goals and expect to achieve objectives for people, planet and prosperity (United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2015). Also, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change will gather in December 2015 (COP 21) in Paris in the hopes of reaching an agreement that will achieve major outcomes to fight climate change. The 6th World Parks Congress (WPC) was held in Sydney, Australia in November 2014. Hosted by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Global Protected Area Programme (GPAP), the forum represented a landmark forum for sharing knowledge and innovation to set the PAs agenda for the coming decade. The weeklong Congress was organized around 8 Streams and 4 Cross-cutting Themes, with hundreds of sessions, exhibits, and related events such as e-posters, demonstrations, workshops, and capacity building opportunities. The Responding to Climate Change Stream, led by the United States National Park Service, Mexico’s National Commission for Protected Areas, and Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, organized the series of sessions and events to showcase the importance of Protected Area management and conservation under a changing climate. The Stream assembled tools for enabling the role of Protected Areas as “natural solutions” in helping communities mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change; it included new knowledge and case studies to help managers and societies respond to climate change; and it promoted a broad and bold vision for new coalitions which emphasizes the key role of Protected Areas in climate change communication and strategies at the international, national, and local level. The major outcome of the WPC is known as the Promise of Sydney. As part of this, participants in the Responding to Climate Change Stream developed six Recommendations to help the PA

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community moving forward in addressing climate change, as well as mainstream PAs as natural solutions to climate change (see section III of this document). Following up on these recommendations and building on the energy from WPC, the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) established a Protected Area Climate Change Specialist Group (PACCSG) to strengthen the role and visibility of PAs in providing natural solutions to climate change and in supporting opportunities for managers to understand and mainstream best practices within their own jurisdictions and organizations. The first meeting of the PACCSG was hosted by Mexico’s National Commission for Natural Protected Areas and the United States National Park Service, the two Co-Chairs for the PACCSG, and took place in Morelos, Mexico on October 7-8, 2015. Twenty-three participants attended the meeting to help lay the foundation for the work of the group. For a complete list of workshop participants, please refer to Appendix I. Participants were invited based on their background and area of expertise in an attempt to cover a wide variety of topics and perspectives. The first meeting represented a diverse group of stakeholders, from different geographies (North America, South America, Europe and Australia) and sectors. The PACCSG expects to continue to build on the expertise and contributions of many WCPA members and other relevant experts and practitioners.

Resources and tools:

Promise of Sydney. Available for download at: http://worldparkscongress.org/about/promise_of_sydney.html

Link to stream report – coming soon

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III. MEETING REPORT

Meeting Objectives and Structure The Daily Agenda for the first Meeting of the PACCSG is given in Appendix 2. The meeting had the following objectives:

1. Establish the role/function of the PACCSG. 2. Review example work products and tools being developed by members. 3. Initiate a work plan that includes long-term strategies and short-term activities. 4. Establish key milestones to advance the work of the group, including the World Conservation Congress (Hawaii 2016) and the Convention on Biological Diversity - COP13 (Mexico 2016)

The meeting structure was designed to maximize opportunities for interaction and feedback. Day one of the meeting revolved around understanding the context behind the creation of the group and reviewing several relevant ongoing initiatives (objectives 1 and 2). On day two, participants collaboratively provided input for the definition of a work plan for the next few years as well as key activities to influence major policy events (objectives 3 and 4). Strategies and activities defined in this meeting are meant to build on the 6 Recommendations identified by the Responding to Climate Change Stream participants at the World Parks Congress (see section: Review of Promise of Sydney Recommendations). Organizationally, the six recommendations are treated as outcomes in a logic model framework. In this way, the work at the meeting began with the general (desired outcomes) and worked back to the specific (outputs/products and commitment of resources). This aim was to identify tangible items to advance the recommendations and to prioritize some early actions that can yield success. Participants pointed out that having a robust plan will help to ensure the success of the PACCSG.

Exploring the Context The meeting began with a welcome message and opening remarks by Ernesto Enkerlin (IUCN-WCPA), Leigh Welling (NPS), and Andrew Rhodes (CONANP), who framed the meeting as building on the World Parks Congress in Sydney and looking forward to the next decade or more as an opportunity to raise the visibility and relevance of PAs in a world responding to climate change. Participants were reminded not to lose momentum and strive to incorporate PAs into the national and international agenda beyond conservation.

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With so many activities and initiatives surrounding climate change, it is crucial to have clarity on what the PACCSG will focus on and what makes it unique from other similar initiatives. The following key points were presented as important information to provide context and help further understand the reasoning behind the creation of the PACCSG as well as elements for the path forward.

The PACCSG gathers experts from multiple perspectives and has the potential to become a think tank to provide PA planners and managers with technical expertise and support them on how to address critical matters around PAs and climate change.

An important task of the PACCSG is to identify ongoing initiatives that are already working and identify ways to scale those up or enhance their communication potential.

Compared with other climate change task forces and specialist groups, the PACCSG has an interest and responsibility to identify policy, including mechanisms to incorporate PAs into the national and international agendas for sustainable development and climate change.

Recommendations from Sydney Because the creation of the PACCSG came about following the 6th World Parks Congress in 2014, participants were reminded of the main outcomes and key messages from the Responding to Climate Change Stream. The WPC was mainly organized around the need to help advance the concept of PAs and identifying mechanisms to engage stakeholders beyond the conservation community to value their potential to support human life by building on the maxim: Parks, people, planet: inspiring solutions. The congress engaged over 6,000 participants from all around the world and many different perspectives. The Congress was organized in eight streams: (Reaching conservation goals, Responding Climate Change, Improving Health and Wellbeing, Supporting Human life, Reconciling Development Challenges, Enhancing Diversity and Quality of Governance, Respecting Indigenous and Traditional Knowledge and Culture, and Inspiring a New Generation) and four cross-cutting themes (Marine, World Heritage, Capacity Development, and New Social Compact). The Responding to Climate Change Stream was planned under a clear structure to help organize the participants’ thinking and allow them to understand the different ways in which climate change can be understood and addressed. The following summarizes the main messages that were produced:

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1. Climate change is happening now and it is affecting parks and Protected Areas in many different regions.

2. Parks and Protected Areas contribute natural, ecosystem-based local solutions to the global response to climate change.

3. New knowledge, skills, and collaborations will be needed to manage Protected Areas, many of which will ultimately transform from their current state, into the next decade and beyond.

4. Local communities have a pivotal role to play in climate change solutions, which must be implemented in a way that ensures respect for their livelihoods and cultures of those who live and work in these natural environments.

5. Effective response to climate change must include communication of meaningful messages of hope and action to engage people around the world, including local communities, protected area visitors, and youth.

Asides from fostering networks, projects and knowledge sharing, the main output from WPC was The Promise of Sydney (IUCN, 2014). This collective document intends to set forth a statement where Protected Areas are viewed as one of the best investments in the planet and humanity’s future by all sectors of society, well beyond conservation advocates. It also intends to set a new direction for conservation efforts for all individuals and organizations. The Promise of Sydney includes the following components:

I. A vision, or high-level commitments and aspirations for conservation and development goals. In this section the Promise of Sydney pledges to “invigorate efforts to ensure that protected areas do not regress but rather progress”, “inspire all people [...] to wonder of nature through protected areas [...] as an essential investment in the future of sustainability”, and “invest in nature’s solutions [...] that help to halt biodiversity loss, [...], mitigate and respond to climate, [...] and promote human health and dignity”.

II. Twelve innovative approaches to transformative change that offer solutions,

recommendations, and enabling conditions for a high-level ambition for change, as well as intermediate steps needed to achieve change. These were prepared by representatives of each stream and cross-cutting theme. The six recommendations (see below) are nested under this section.

III. Solutions: a platform for sharing and exchanging inspiring solutions that showcase how

protected areas provide solutions to some of the world’s challenges, not as fixed proof-points, but as successes that can be leveraged to inspire and catalyze progress. The platform is available at www.panorama.solutions

IV. Promises or pledges by countries, group of countries, funders and organizations to chart

the path forward for the world by stepping up or supporting accelerated implementation.

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The Responding to Climate Change Stream was designed to accommodate perspectives and experiences in climate change and Protected Areas from around the world, offering a global survey on a range of topics. As a result of pre-congress work and strengthened by participants’ contributions to the Stream, the following Recommendations were produced in order to advance goals around PAs and climate change. Recommendations from the World Parks Congress Responding to Climate Change Stream: Recommendation 1: Countries should bring into the UNFCCC process and COP21 in 2015 outcome the full recognition of biodiversity, ecosystems and particularly protected areas as key to enable countries to adapt and mitigate to climate change. Recommendation 2: All countries should mainstream the concept of “Protected areas as natural solutions to climate change” into national development plans, communication and financial strategies, for natural and social resilience. Recommendation 3: Governments and relevant stakeholders should enhance adaptation and mitigation strategies within and outside protected area boundaries through carbon management, long term monitoring, and integrated landscape connectivity. Recommendation 4: Protected areas must actively engage new thinking in planning and management to ensure equitable participation from society, including youth, women and indigenous and local communities, building on traditional knowledge and working together in finding solutions to climate change. Recommendation 5: Protected areas should adopt and apply innovative, appropriate, and context-specific adaptation measures to ensure that in the face of transformative climatic change they can continue providing the full array of values, functions, and services for people and nature, including climate protection and disaster risk reduction. Recommendation 6: New partnerships must be formed and strengthened within and beyond national boundaries to protect and connect landscapes and seascapes as they transform and adapt to climate; we especially must support coalitions in the polar regions, such as the Arctic Council and the Antarctic Treaty System because these areas are experiencing rapid change. These recommendations represent ways in which PAs and their governments can advance important work on climate change mitigation and adaptation at all levels, from the international policy level to on-the-ground actions. Advancing and implementing these recommendation is the core work of the PACCSG. The output from the meeting will help to identify ways to make them operational.

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Group discussion:

Participants suggested incorporating Marine Protected Areas and tropical species into the recommendations. The group acknowledged the importance of considering these topics but concluded that recommendations meant to be broad and that specific topics will be addressed by outlining activities and outcomes. The group also noted that recommendations are not meant to limit the scope of PACCSG; if additional concerns are raised, the group can nest them under one of the six recommendations.

Acknowledging the changing nature of socio-ecosystems, especially in an increasingly changing world, assumptions like the principle of “Non- Regression” (norms which have already been adopted by States not be revised, if this implies going backwards on the subject of standards of protection of collective and individual rights - (Internatioal Union

for Conservation of Nature, 2010)) need to be revised. For instance, if species are migrating, boundaries of PA might change. Therefore, WCPA needs to work closely with IUCN – WCEL (World Commission on Environmental Law) to define new principles around boundaries. Current regulations need to reflect the world’s current context.

As long as they are consistent with the basic principles of conservation, PACCSG should accommodate various frameworks and trends and avoid meaningless discussions.

IUCN/WCPA needs to identify how the Promise of Sydney fits into the overall conservation agenda in order to ensure continuity.

Recently, managers and experts have worked on breaking down the concept of Protected Areas as natural solutions to climate change. For further details, read box below.

Resources and tools:

Natural Solutions: Protected areas helping people cope with climate change, IUCNWCPA, TNC, UNDP, WCS, The World Bank and WWF, Gland, Switzerland, Washington DC and New York, USA Available for download at: https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/natural_solutions.pdf

North American Protected Areas as Natural Solutions for climate change. North American Intergovernmental Committee on Cooperation for Wilderness and Protected Area Conservation. Available for download at: http://nawpacommittee.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/NAWPA-CCWG-Brochure.pdf

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PACCSG Terms of Reference

A requirement for any WCPA task force or specialist group is to establish a Terms of Reference Document and a draft version was prepared by the PACCSG Co-Chairs and circulated to the WCPA Steering Committee (Appendix 3). The document outlines the scope and responsibilities of the PACCSG but is not meant to limit the activities. Rather it serves as general guidance and as a starting point. The group had a brief discussion of the stated purpose and function for the PACCSG, which are given below. Terms of Reference – Overview of Purpose and Function 1. Enhance Awareness of Climate Change and its Impacts to Protected Areas and biodiversity in surrounding landscapes. Desired outcomes for this goal are that communities in and around PAs understand how climate change is affecting these landscapes and seascapes, biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods. 2. Promote the Capacity of Protected Area Managers to Respond to Climate Change. Desired outcomes will include development and dissemination of best practice guidelines and tools so that PA managers can effectively access and apply current knowledge and tools toward strengthening planning and management of PAs under a changing climate, now and into the future, to protect and connect key features and processes as landscapes transform and adapt to climate change. 3. Mainstream Natural Solutions and especially Protected Areas into Sectoral Strategies, Plans and Programmes for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change. Desired outcomes for this goal are that all sectors of society adopt protected areas as natural solutions in their climate change responses and that new coalitions are created to work together across protected areas, business, climate science, cultural boundaries and geographies to integrate Protected Areas into mitigation and adaptation strategies at all levels.

Group Discussion:

It is important to make explicit the concept of Ecosystem Services, specifically the need to enhance awareness among stakeholders.

The Climate Change Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission was formed as a crosscutting entity in response to the threat climate change represents for biodiversity. Its mission is to support other Specialist Groups to ensure actions acknowledge climate

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change and incorporate its implications, for instance, producing papers on assessing vulnerability of species to climate change.

The WCPA Climate Change Specialist group came about from the Steering Committee and as an opportunity to take advantage of the momentum created at the WPC. Initially the Specialist Group was created as a Task Force. However, Task Forces are created to address immediate problems and then are vanished. The group acknowledges the importance to engage with other Specialist Groups and support their work, but it is first necessary to organize the group. WCPA members noted that PACCSG is off to a good start.

The group agreed to adopt the acronym PACCSG (Protected Areas – Climate Change Specialist Group) so as to avoid confusion with Specialist Groups from other IUCN Commissions.

Facilitated Dialogue on the Unique Contribution of the PACCSG After the morning coffee break, participants were separated into four small groups to conduct a discussion around the characteristics and roles of the PACCSG. The main objectives of this facilitated session were to 1) serve as an icebreaker for participants to get to know one another, 2) allow the opportunity for individual experiences and perspectives to be heard, 3) trigger the participants’ thinking, and 4) set the sage for the future discussions. The facilitator posed five questions and asked participants to discuss within their working group. Later on, these questions were the starting point for a rich discussion among all meeting participants. This dialogue provided basic input for the coming discussions around the role of the PACCSG and specific activities to be carried out in the short and long terms. The following summarizes some of the responses to the questions. 1. Choose a word to describe success for the Specialist Group:

Collaborative action: In order to achieve successful outcomes, the PACCSG will be obliged to foster strategic partnerships beyond the WCPA, including the private sector. The PACCSG will only be successful if it works as a union. Inclusive actions: Ensuring the participation of partners of multiple regions and sectors yield strong, yet focused outcomes. Enjoyable: The PACCSG should be inclusive, collegial and fun. When participants are enjoying the process, they are more likely to achieve success. Also, a group that fosters enjoyable collaboration is more prone to engage new members.

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Robust: A group that is respected, professional, and clear in its processes and outcomes will be successful. Also, the PACCSG should be inclusive, within and outside of WCPA.

2. Share an example of a climate change action that you have taken that was successful or something you would like to do that will likely be a success. Discuss common elements:

A robust science base is the foundation for successful outcomes. Building on that, policy will be implemented after demonstrating successful projects. Initiatives complement each other. Multisectoral and multilevel approaches are the key for successful outcomes in planning and implementation. Also, while having solid information is key, action needs to be taken with the best information available. Climate change actions will not be successful unless they consider the changing nature of socio-ecosystems. In order to deploy an adequate response, institutions will have to be flexible and will need to outline flexible conservation goals. Providing concrete measures and metrics is a way to ensure successful outcomes. Governments and other stakeholders need to commit to specific measures and identify feasible mechanisms for implementation.

3. What is the most important characteristic of PAs for helping society and nature thrive in a changing climate?

PAs need to be managed in a way that supports the process of engaging and educating society. PAs need to be managed to secure its functionality and that they succeed in providing ecosystem services. PA managers need to identify mechanisms for managing PA in a cost-effective way, focusing on strengthening and enforcing mechanisms that are already in place. Managers need to identify synergies created between natural ecosystems and human communities, and identify the co-benefits of conservation.

4. What is the role of conservation professionals and organizations in maintaining those characteristics?

If managers expect to see a change in people’s attitudes, it is crucial that they lead by example.

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It is also essential to find ways to connect and engage people to nature, and listen to what their interests and concerns are. Adequate terms need to be used in order to engage stakeholders beyond the conservation community, for instance: clean water, green infrastructure. PA managers and planners need to operate beyond the artificial boundaries of PA and acknowledge that ecosystem processes and threats are not confined to those limits.

5. What is one unique contribution of the PACCSG? Demonstrate leadership, within and beyond WCPA.

Turn up the volume! Find ways to communicate and mainstream the concept of natural solutions. Provide concrete operational guidance for PA and climate change, beyond general recommendations. Fill technical gaps in knowledge.

Group discussion:

PA managers can get overwhelmed with theoretical frameworks (resilience, transformative adaptation, etc.) and lack the capacity to make them operational. This group can contribute with specific tools designed to fill that gap. At the same time, we can identify stories of success and communicate them to convey a message of hope.

PACCSG can be used as a network to inspire action and change through leading by example.

The group acknowledged that, although many messages are being delivered, these are not always being heard. In order to tackle this issue, we must a) build a common language that is appealing to other stakeholders, and b) listen to their concerns.

There is an overwhelming amount of information. However, not all of it is solid. This group has the technical capacity to discern and select resources that are in fact robust. It can provide high-quality synthesis for users.

The PACCSG has a unique opportunity to be innovative because of its diversity.

PACCSG has an opportunity to connect key stakeholders. This diverse group has members working on all levels, from local PAs to international negotiations. For the same reason, it can influence stakeholders from all levels and sectors.

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The work carried out by PACCSG needs to permeate to the local level and be implemented on the ground. Ideas need to be developed and then implemented, and we need to acknowledge that local stakeholders will need to be incorporated.

Park managers can provide excellent input to this group; they can provide information on what is preventing them from implementing available frameworks, tools, etc.

This discussion was an important step that triggered the thinking and set the stage for the conversation about the role and contribution of the PACCSG. By reflecting on successful past experiences and envisioning an ideal future for the PACCSG, participants identified important elements to consider as the group forms and moves forward. A common theme that emerged across the discussion was the importance of fostering collaborative action through the creation of strategic partnerships and engagement of stakeholders within and outside the PAs and conservation communities. Additionally, the discussion pointed towards creating a results-oriented group, among other ways, by providing concrete guidance to PA managers and planners.

Review Examples of Approaches and Tools Moving on, the meeting accommodated presentations about a set of existing initiatives around climate change and PAs as a way to illustrate the type of work that the PACCSG can support, promote and offer a platform for broad communication. The initiatives presented here were selected on the basis of being recognized as innovative and strategic in leading the way towards advancing the role of PAs as natural solutions as well as successful in identifying mechanisms for effective management in the face of climate change. These presentations offered important elements for the coming discussions around creating the PACCSG work plan.

GEF-6 BD Strategy, Climate Change and the METT: The past, the present, and the future. The following presentation presented by the GEF was relevant to the meeting objectives because it highlighted the importance of having robust and comprehensive monitoring tools as tools for effective management. As described below, the group discussed ways to incorporate climate change dimensions and concepts into existing monitoring tools.

The Global Environmental Facility (GEF) is a financial mechanism that was created in 1991 to help countries meet their obligations under multilateral agreements. It aims at addressing global environmental issues while supporting national initiatives on sustainable development. The GEF originally worked with three partners (the World Bank – WB, the United Nations Development Program – UNDP, and the United Nations Environment Program – UNEP) and was

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established as a $1 billion program. Currently, the GEF works with 18 implementing partners that work with countries to identify and support an array of projects. At any given time, the GEF supports 250 projects related to biodiversity. There is a strong need to monitor the progress of these projects at site level. The GEF’s biodiversity strategy was developed to match the mandates of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Aichi targets, in order to help countries meet their goals. The four objectives of the GEF’s Biodiversity strategy are: 1) Improve sustainability of Protected Area systems, 2) Reduce threats to biodiversity, 3) Sustainably use biodiversity, and 4) Mainstream conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity into production landscapes/seascapes and sectors. The GEF’s rationale and approach is consistent with the recommendations 2 and 3 outlined in the Promise of Sydney: “Biodiversity mainstreaming is the process of embedding biodiversity considerations into policies, strategies, and practices of key public and private sectors that impact or rely on biodiversity. Mainstreaming enables biodiversity to persist across entire landscapes and seascapes” (Global Environmental Facility, 2014). Also, the GEF defines a sustainable Protected Area system as “one that effectively protects ecologically viable and climate-resilient representative samples of the country’s ecosystems […]”. Given the fact that recommendations are consistent with the GEF’s principles and objectives, there is potential to foster collaborations between PACCSG and its members, and the GEF.

- Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool The Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) was developed to address the need of assessing whether a PA is being managed for functionality. The objectives of METT are 1) Track improvements over time, 2) Provide information for site managers, and 3) Provide a harmonized reporting system for PA assessment. The METT evaluates all the elements that contribute to having a functioning PA, including matters related to planning, financial status, staff, among others. It has evolved from a simple set of questions, to a whole array of new tools. Also, the tool has received feedback and been strengthened by conservation organizations. While the METT has multiple strengths (it is simple to use, suitable for replication, supplies consistent data and can be nested within existing reporting system), it also lacks a component of an independent evaluation, so it is subject to bias. There is a need to update this monitoring tool in a way that is simpler to us, and at the same time yields more robust outcomes. The new tool should include concepts like incorporating the broader landscape into PA management, as well as assessing resilience and adaptation actions. Also, the tool must minimize the occurrence of bias and strengthen the use of geospatial data.

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WCPA and PACCSG are excellent candidates for supporting the strengthening process of METT due to its technical expertise.

Strengthening Management Effectiveness and Resilience of Protected Areas to Safeguard Biodiversity Threatened by Climate Change The following presentation by CONANP offers an example of a Protected Area system in the process of integrating climate change into policy documents, designing plans and implementing actions on the ground. Latin American countries, including Mexico, have demonstrated leadership in this regard. However, because climate change is a relatively new topic, there are still a number of challenges to be resolved in regards to several topics, such as resilience (see below). A learning system should be set in place so as to fill these gaps; PACCSG should serve as a platform to support learning processes and encourage information sharing.

CONANP started designing and implementing climate change actions in 2009 by developing the Climate Change Strategy for Protected Areas. Since then, the institution has evolved into mainstreaming the concept of climate change. Further, on 2012 the Mexico passed the General Law for Climate Change, making it mandatory to address climate change by institutions of the federal government. Many lessons have been learnt, and in 2015 CONANP published its Climate Change Strategy from Protected Areas (ECCAP in Spanish), with a better-integrated structure. The ECCAP is composed as follows: 1) Institutional arrangements, 2) Territory management under climate change, 3) Knowledge for decision-making, and 4) Social participation and communication. The concept of resilience is immersed in Mexico’s climate change agenda and defined by the General Law. However, the resilience framework poses more questions than answers. Earlier this year, CONANP hosted a workshop to further understand the theoretical concept and identify mechanisms for operationalization. Several organizations have developed multiple methodologies for assessing social and ecological resilience. CONANP’s project for strengthening PA resilience relies on three institutional components: institutional, social, and ecosystemic with a multi-scale perspective (local, PA system, and national). The end goal of the project is to institutionalize its outcomes.

Resources and tools:

Global Environmental Facility. The GEF-6 Biodiversity Strategy. Available for download at: https://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/publication/GEF-6-BD-strategy.pdf

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The Stockholm Resilience Center identified seven principles for resilience: 1. Maintain diversity and redundancy. CONANP is working on Mapimi Biosphere Reserve, addressing the ecosystem axis at the local level. The main conservation target of this PA is the tortoise. Because the tortoise is migrating towards the outside of the PA, CONANP is working on restoring present and potential distribution areas. 2. Manage connectivity. CONANP is working on supporting the decree of a new PA: Giganta y Guadalupe. If this PA is pronounced, 70% of the state of Baja California would be protected by the Federal Government, representing an interesting experiment for assessing whether PAs can help achieve both conservation and human well-being targets. 3. Manage slow variables and feedbacks. Since some environmental and climatic variables have a larger time scale than human lifespan, CONANP is promoting the establishment of automatic meteorological stations inside PAs. Data from these stations is accessible to PA managers daily and a synthesis is provided every year. This information will represent a solid baseline for the future. 4. Foster complex and adaptive systems thinking. Adaptation to climate change programs are being developed in many PAs in Mexico. These entail a high level of complexity, among other reasons, because the process challenges managers to take scientific information and incorporate it into management processes. 5. Encourage learning. CONANP has developed a joined project: Formando para la conservación, aimed at building capacity of rangers. This initiative incorporates concepts regarding biodiversity, conflict management, and climate change. 6. Broaden participation. The Alto Golfo de California Biosphere Reserve is developing a climate change adaptation program. PA managers are engaging indigenous communities by conducting workshops and gathering their vision and input for climate change adaptation. 7. Promote polycentric governance systems. In Mexico, each PA works closely with an advisory council. They are currently working on addressing climate change in a systematic way. The following represent UNDP’s modification of the Promise of Sydney recommendations, adapted to the Mexican context: 1. Mexico should bring into the UNFCCC process and COP21 in 2015 outcome the full recognition of biodiversity, ecosystems and particularly protected areas as key to enable countries to adapt and mitigate to climate change. 2. Mexico should mainstream the concept of “Protected areas as natural solutions to climate change” into national development plans, communication and financial strategies, for natural

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and social resilience. Although Mexico passes the General Law, there is a strong need to identify mechanisms for effective implementation. 3. Mexican government and relevant stakeholders should enhance adaptation and mitigation strategies within and outside protected area boundaries through carbon management, long term monitoring, and integrated landscape connectivity. 4. Mexican protected areas must actively engage new thinking in planning and management to ensure equitable participation from society, including youth, women and indigenous and local communities, building on traditional knowledge and working together in finding solutions to climate change. This recommendation directly relates to PA advisory councils and adaptation programs. 5. Mexican PAs should adopt and apply innovative, appropriate, and context-specific adaptation measures to ensure that in the face of transformative climatic change they can continue providing the full array of values, functions, and services for people and nature, including climate protection and disaster risk reduction. On this matter, monitoring tools need to be strengthened to evaluate its impact. 6. New partnerships must be formed and strengthened within and beyond national boundaries to protect and connect landscapes and seascapes as they transform and adapt to climate; we especially must support coalitions in the polar regions, such as the Arctic Council and the Antarctic Treaty System because these areas are experiencing rapid change. Mexico has fostered partnerships (Mexico Resiliente, GT ADAPT, GT REDD+) and should continue to strengthen them. Take-home messages: 1. GEF-Resiliencia project is implementing activities but many questions remain to be answered. 2. PAs are opportunities for resilience. 3. PA managers and planners need to manage for a dynamic environment. 4. PAs are a valuable asset for advancing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.

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Monitoring and Resilience – Group discussion

The current approach to METT is time consuming and does not yield all the information necessary to assess the status of Protected Areas. A more modern, robust and comprehensive approach is needed.

The new approach should incorporate a strong component of geospatial data.

Principles 1, 2 and 3 of resilience: 1) Maintain diversity and redundancy, 2) Manage connectivity, and 3) Manage slow variables and feedbacks can interpreted as key indicators to monitor resilience.

Resilience can be addressed from an ecological integrity (which is not consistent with the concept of transformative adaptation) or ecological functionality perspective (ability to provide ecosystem services).

Monitoring processes must be nested under an adaptive management approach. They must also operate in the long term.

In terms of monitoring, CONANP is collecting information as baseline and hopefully be able to contrast with status after the implementation and assess success of projects. CONANP also developed the Rapid Vulnerability Assessment tool, which enables managers to “take a snapshot” of the system and identify most pressing vulnerabilities.

Resources and tools:

Climate Change Strategy from Protected Areas. Comisión Nacional de Áreas

Naturales Protegidas, CONANP.

Available for download at: http://cambioclimatico.conanp.gob.mx

Declaration by REDPARQUES to the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC. Available to download at: http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/redparques_declaration.pdf

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CONANP is collaborating with several institutions to develop strong monitoring systems based on satellite imagery to evaluate land cover and other variables.

REDPARQUES and WWF are working on the Amazon for strengthening resilience of PAs. This initiative includes an action plan to incorporate climate change into national system management effectiveness tools.

Canada has implemented an integrity monitoring system for over a decade, consisting of a management initiative that draws on scientific input. This system will evolve over time as better technology comes available. Comprehensive methodologies are highly complex and difficult to manage, even for developed countries.

METT and any other monitoring tool must not be imposed on Protected Area systems or sites, as each one of them has context-specific characteristics. While general guidelines are useful, tools must be adapted to local needs.

IUCN Best Practices Guidelines: Managing Protected Areas in the Face of Climate Change: Guidance for Protected Area Managers and Planners

IUCN-WCPA’s Best Practices Guidelines are a series of guidebooks aimed at providing orientation to PA planners and managers on various topics. These resources are designed collaboratively among specialists and aim at building institutional and individual capacity to manage PA systems effectively. A consultation draft IUCN Best Practices Guidelines, Managing Protected Areas in the Face of Climate Change: Guidance for Protected Area Managers and Planners, was launched at the WPC. The review period was open through March 2015 and revisions are underway. The WCPA has asked for the final guidelines to be completed and presented at the World Conservation Congress in 2016. The contents of the guidelines are as follows: Chapter 1: Setting the Stage – Climate Change and Protected Areas This chapter briefly states the basics of climate change and its present and potential impacts on PAs Chapter 2: Planning for Change – Protected Area Goals in a Warming World This section revolves around acknowledging the fact that climate change is driving a series of processes that will transform PAs and their components. In this context, managers will require to reevaluate their previously defined conservation goals.

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Chapter 3: Assessing Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Options This chapter addresses the components, steps and approaches to vulnerability assessments. It represents an opportunity to link with WCPA’s Species Survival Commission. Chapter 4: Management Strategies: Moving to Actions Following vulnerability assessments, managers can decide on a series of actions that need to be taken, which can be anticipatory or retroactive. Chapter 5: Monitoring Effectiveness Monitoring and Evaluation processes are addressed as the basis for identifying successful adaptation processes and management actions for adaptive management. Chapter 6: Communication and Capacity Building This piece looks at the resources that PA managers need to undertake adaptation actions and the process of disseminating information to the right stakeholders. The above examples illustrate the type of initiatives that are underway in terms of climate change and PAs. Countries and organizations are already taking action to implement the Recommendations outlined in the Promise of Sydney at multiple levels. Elements of these initiatives can serve as the foundation for the PACCSG work. For instance, the Best Practices Guidelines offer practical guidance for PA managers in other regions of the world, an important role to be taken by PACCSG moving forward.

Resources and tools:

Responding to Climate Change. Guidance for Protected Area Managers and Planners. Consultation draft available for download at: http://worldparkscongress.org/drupal/sites/default/files/documents/docs/CC_BPG_screen_TOC.pdfstrategy.pdf

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From Recommendation to Action: A Logic Model Approach A programmatic logic model is a picture of how an organization does its work, linking outcomes (both short and long term) with program activities and processes. The reason for using a logic model in this context is to employ a transparent process outlining the goals of the PACCSG, as well as the challenges, resources available, and a timetable for hitting the target. In general, logic modeling offers a framework for enhanced participation, evaluation, and learning. The PACCSG will also use the approach to clarify roles and expectations and as a communication tool. The graphic below presents the general logic model framework that was presented and modified at the meeting. The WPC recommendations in this case can be framed as outcomes and the discussion for the PACCSG is then around what outputs are needed to achieve those and the activities and resources commitments required. The latter two elements comprise the work plan, which was discussed on the second day of the meeting. Generalized Logic Model

Criteria for Prioritizing Actions to Advance the Recommendations Among the many actions that can be taken on climate change, how do we know which ones to emphasize? Before brainstorming specific actions that are underway or that should be undertaken, the group participated in an exercise designed to explore the kinds of activities and actions that are most important to undertake. An objective of the meeting was to conduct this exercise so that individuals might have a tool for knowing where to invest their time and money for the most robust progress. Ultimately, actions are undertaken for a variety of reasons and the PACCSG may have little control on the emphasis placed by individuals, organizations, or countries, but a conscious exploration of what characteristics a robust project exhibits represents a useful list as the group prepares to develop a work plan. The list of criteria will also serve the PACCSG is evaluating new opportunities as they arise. To facilitate the exercise, a draft set of criteria was presented to the group for discussion.

Inputs/ Resources

Activities Outputs Outcomes

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Draft criteria for evaluating actions:

1. It is unique and contributes with something that no other organization is offering. 2. It contributes to mainstreaming and imbedding the concept of PA and climate

change into organizational structures. 3. Is innovative and fun. 4. It engages multiple international audiences and/or partnerships. 5. It has broad communication potential. 6. There is funding available for implementing this outcome. 7. It is synergistic or has a multiplier effect: it is an investment of time and resources

that can result in a broader impact. 8. It leverages or implements existing data or tools.

Following a rich discussion, workshop participants adjusted the list and adopted the following criteria:

1. It is unique and contributes with something that no other organization is offering. 2. It contributes to mainstreaming and imbedding the concept of PA and climate

change into organizational structures. 3. Is innovative and fun. 4. It engages multiple international audiences and/or partnerships. It fosters links

among UN conventions, across sectors (beyond the traditional ones), including decision makers, industrial and development sectors.

5. It has broad communication potential and showcases examples of success. 6. It is attractive to potential funders and fosters cost-effective projects. 7. It is synergistic or has a multiplier effect: it is an investment of time and resources

that can result in a broader impact. 8. It promotes co-benefits (livelihoods and wellbeing, including vulnerable groups). 9. It leverages or implements existing data or tools for a greater impact.

Discussion:

Among other roles, the PACCSG has the responsibility of synthesizing, highlighting, and broadly communicating initiatives that are already in place. With regard to criteria then, there may be an opportunity to highlight how certain works are meeting several of them.

Additionally, the PACCSG should work on developing high-level materials for a broad audience, building on the technical expertise of the group.

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Developing a Work Plan: Identifying Activities and Resources For the second day, participants broke into six small working groups, one for each recommendation, and discussed activities for each that would advance and implement the recommendation as an outcome. Small groups considered both short and long term actions. Every participant had the opportunity to contribute to each recommendation, as this session was carried out world café style. Towards the end of the session, facilitators were asked to share the results for each recommendation in plenary. At the end of the plenary session, participants were asked to vote on the actions they believed were highest priority. While the criteria for prioritization from the previous day’s exercise were not strictly applied, participants were asked to consider these when they voted. The following section briefly describes the results of the ideas generated in the small groups. The prioritized items are presented in a spreadsheet format in Appendix IV. Priority Activities: Recommendation 1: Countries should bring into the UNFCCC process and COP21 in 2015 outcome the full recognition of biodiversity, ecosystems and particularly protected areas as key to enable countries to adapt and mitigate to climate change.

PACCSG needs to engage with other international initiatives and create links with them including the Ramsar Convention, CBD, the framework for Risk Reduction and the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+), and others

PACCSG should build on existing regional initiatives (e.g. Latin American Declaration on Protected Areas and Climate Change), scale them up, and replicate in other regions by potentiating existing alliances.

PACCSG can expand existing work by identifying leading countries by region in specific topics.

PACCSG should harness the position of IUCN as an observer in UN processes. PACCSG can help put together position papers and agreements and work with delegates to put forward the message. PA should be incorporated into UN mechanisms.

PACCSG should develop communication materials to communicate with decision makers and work with ministries of foreign affairs around UN Conferences of the Parties.

Recommendation 2: All countries should mainstream the concept of “Protected areas as natural solutions to climate change” into national development plans, communication and financial strategies, for natural and social resilience.

The Natural Solutions framework should incorporate human wellbeing and livelihoods as well as the concept of Ecosystem Services.

PA experts should acknowledge the fact that PAs will suffer the impacts of climate change, so they must remain cautious with the promise of PAs as natural solutions.

We recommend using terms that decision makers will find appealing and use links to topics like human health, finance, etc.

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PACCSG needs to conduct research to fill in the gaps and develop a communication strategy around the economy of PAs and climate change, using fact sheets, social media, databases, and webinars, among other tools.

PAs and climate change can be leveraged to drive other sectors into incorporating gender into their agendas.

A communication strategy needs to be mindful of the types of products that are really needed and identify ideal mechanisms to deliver the message.

Recommendation 3: Governments and relevant stakeholders should enhance adaptation and mitigation strategies within and outside protected area boundaries through carbon management, long term monitoring, and integrated landscape connectivity.

PACCSG should identify ways to leverage the IUCN Best Practices Guidelines for Adaptation once it is finalized and published.

One important barrier for the implementation of this recommendation is the lack of alignment of policies across sectors. PACCSG recommends using existing tools to develop the capacity of decision makers (e.g. IUCN’s Guide to Restoration Opportunities assessment Methodology).

PACCSG must foster strategic partnerships with relevant stakeholders or groups and act as facilitator of knowledge between information providers and users.

This group should be strategic about the role of IUCN as an observer of UN processes by developing and endorsing position papers.

PACCSG should develop communication materials and adapt them to multiple audiences and levels.

PACCSG must use a language that decision makers across sectors will find attractive (e.g. green infrastructure).

Water must be at the forefront of the climate change adaptation agenda.

PACCSG should develop a high level briefing about mitigation and Protected Areas.

This group should refer to NASA’s data collection on biodiversity and climate change and foster a partnership to work specifically on PAs.

PAs that have implemented successful adaptation actions should be championed. IUCN’s Green List represents a suitable tool.

Recommendation 4: Protected areas must actively engage new thinking in planning and management to ensure equitable participation from society, including youth, women and indigenous and local communities, building on traditional knowledge and working together in finding solutions to climate change.

PACCSG should invite key stakeholders that participate in UNFCCC and engage with IUCN’s constituency to broaden its impact.

PACCSG should connect with the North American Environmental Education Council (NAEEC).

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Innovative members need to be engaged, including the film, music and arts communities. Also, relationships need to be fostered with schools to incorporate climate change and PAs into curricula.

The Young Professionals group membership should be expanded. Some activities they could participate in include: developing a social media strategy, video projects, create a website and developing their own communication products.

PACCSG can foster citizen science processes and create an app. to report on climate impacts to be stored at a database. It can also rely on local communities in climate change related archaeological work.

New communication pathways need to be identified to engage non-traditional groups, outside new technology (radio stations, oral traditions, children’s books written in native languages).

PACCSG should showcase case studies of successful engagement of women in climate change management at the outset, as well as case studies where women were ignored at the outset and ramifications that ensued.

PACCSG should utilize the archaeological community to gather and highlight climate change impact case studies, especially in coastal and Arctic regions.

PACCGS should develop a fact sheet on gender and climate change in PAs.

PACCSG should include and use traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation.

PACCSG should share the work carried out in Australia with the Aboriginal peopled to provide guidance on how climate change may affect working with indigenous people in PAs (consider new lexicon for non-traditional groups in regards to climate change).

This group can share existing planning guidance on 1) addressing current climate risks as well as future risks, 2) inclusion of under-represented groups for PA practitioners.

This group should represent an opportunity to bring indigenous groups and non-traditional groups into higher-level climate change discussions beyond the on-the-ground engagement.

PACCSG should share IUCN’s specific tools for engaging non-traditional groups. Recommendation 5: Protected areas should adopt and apply innovative, appropriate, and context-specific adaptation measures to ensure that in the face of transformative climatic change they can continue providing the full array of values, functions, and services for people and nature, including climate protection and disaster risk reduction.

Existing initiatives: six regional assessments on finding the linkage between biodiversity and Disaster Risk Reduction resulting from the Relief-Kit Project.

Existing materials: videos, booklets, and seminars resulting from the Project Ecosystem Protecting Infrastructure and Communities (EPIC), helping communities understand the importance of ecosystems in disaster risk reduction.

PACCSG should make a statement on the importance of Marine Protected Areas in the context of climate change.

There is a strong need to ensure the presence of marine experts in PACCSG.

PACCSG should promote Coastal Management Plans in PAs.

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This group should share guidance to PA managers no how to work with other stakeholders in developing and implementing adaptation measures.

PACCSG should foster a global initiative that encourages every PA system and each individual PA to explicitly incorporate climate change in their plans.

PACCSG can develop materials to promote understanding of transformative adaptation and the expected impacts in PAs.

PACCSG should produce videos, booklets, and webinars on climate change adaptation measures, adapted to specific audiences.

PACCSG should incorporate a climate change journey at the World Conservation Project.

PACCSG should establish partnerships with UNEP’s Global Connectivity Conservation Project.

Recommendation 6: New partnerships must be formed and strengthened within and beyond national boundaries to protect and connect landscapes and seascapes as they transform and adapt to climate; we especially must support coalitions in the polar regions, such as the Arctic Council and the Antarctic Treaty System because these areas are experiencing rapid change.

There is a need to understand potential partners’ interests and contexts to deliver meaningful, science-based messages. Messages must be compared to something that resonates with the audience in order to offer sense of the dimension of the trends.

Beyond delivering the right message to the right stakeholder, PACCSG should craft specific “calls for action” for each stakeholder; it is fundamental to harness win-win situations.

PACCSG should engage new strategic partners, beyond the “usual suspects”: socio-cultural organizations/agencies, Global Island Partnerships, individuals or groups from the private sector (Corporate Social Responsibility), organizations that represent large crucial ecosystems (e.g. Amazon, Arctic, and Antarctic territories), WCPA/SSC’s invasive species Task Force and other IUCN groups, and funding agencies with sustainable development priorities (e.g. Green Climate Fund).

Special attention must be paid to agencies that work with refugees, as an opportunity to show the relation between migrations resulting from climate change (climate refugees) and the role of PAs in this phenomenon.

Foster links to the 2030 Sustainable Development Agendas.

PACCSG should produce a document describing the intersection between Sustainable Development Goals, climate change, and PAs.

PACCSG should produce a statement highlighting the contribution of PAs to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

PACCSG should produce a brief guide to explain the advantages of integrating climate change into PAs management documents.

After having the facilitated discussion in working groups and a review in a plenary session, participants were asked to vote for the highest priority activities. These are given in a spreadsheet format in Appendix IV, which represents the first generation of a work plan for the

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PACCSG in a logic model format. The prioritized actions/activities were further reviewed in plenary session to identify a responsible party for each action. This information is also included in Appendix IV.

Final Discussion and Wrap Up The wrap-up discussion session focused on addressing the following questions 1) What additional individuals, stakeholders or interests need to be incorporated into PACCSG? and 2) What actions need to be taken in the new future in order to engage and successfully impact the coming international meetings?

PA managers are not represented in the Specialist Group and they can provide valuable input and feedback, especially about operationalizing frameworks and tools.

Climate change is a global issue; therefore the PACCSG needs to incorporate representatives from every region in the world. The group can rely on WCPA regional Vice-chairs for this.

Indigenous people are not represented in this group. IUCN has focal points with indigenous groups and local representatives.

PACCSG needs to broaden its input and impact by engaging stakeholders from other sectors, including water and tourism.

There is a strong need to incorporate individuals or groups with a strong background and expertise in marine issues.

“Gateway sectors” such as zoos, museums should take part of PACCSG, as well as research institutes and academia.

Additional government agencies should take part in the process (e.g. US Bureau of Land Management)

PACCSG should foster collaboration and promote synergies by engaging other Specialist Groups and Task Forces from WCPA and IUCN.

Building on the initiative by REDPARQUES’ declaration to UNFCCC, PACCSG should foster similar initiatives in other regions.

Asides from operating as a Specialist Group, PACCSG should serve as an active network where information and resources are continuously shared among its members.

Keep the momentum; Turn up the volume.

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The PACCSG expects to continue to develop its work plan for short and long term actions. This will be the basis for discussion during the next PACCSG meeting to take place early in 2016.

References Global Environmental Facility. (2014). The GEF-6 Biodiversity Strategy. Internatioal Union for Conservation of Nature. (August de 2010). Non-Regression Principle Knowledge Forum: http://www.iucn.org/news_homepage/news_by_date/2010_news/august_2010/?5888/NON-REGRESSION-PRINCIPLE-KNOWLEDGE-FORUM IUCN. (2014). The Promise of Sydney. IUCN. World Parks Congress. Sydney 2014. : http://worldparkscongress.org/about/promise_of_sydney.html IUCN-WCPA. (2014). World Parks Congress. http://worldparkscongress.org/about/what_is_the_iucn_world_parks_congress.html United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2015). Sustainable Development. Knowledge Platform. Obtenido de Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development : https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld

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Appendix I: Complete List of Participants

Name Organization Job Tittle Email Country

Alejandra Calzada Vazquez Vela

Self employed

Independent consultant ale.calz@gmail.com Mexico

Andrew J. Rhodes Espinoza

CONANP Climate Change Strategies, Director

arhodes@conanp.gob.mx Mexico

Angela Richman Self employed

Independent consultant angie4stars@gmail.com USA

Bruce Young NatureServe Director, Species Science

bruce_young@natureserve.org USA/ Costa Rica

Claire Pedrot IUCN Program Support Officer claire.pedrot@iucn.org France/Switzerland

Craig James CSIRO Research Director, Land and Water

craig.james@csiro.au Australia

Cristina Argudín Volante CONANP Adaptation Specialist cristina.argudin@conanp.gob.mx Mexico

Edgar González UNDP-Mexico

Sustainable Development Program, Director

edgar.gonzalez@undp.org Mexico

Ernesto Enkerlin Hoeflich IUCN/WCPA IUCN/WCPA, Chair enkerlin@gmail.com Mexico

Fernando Camacho Rico CONANP Climate Change Strategies, Subdirector

fernando.camacho@conanp.gob.mx Mexico

Kathy MacKinnon IUCN/WCPA Deputy Chair IUCN/WCPA

kathy.s.mackinnon@gmail.com UK

Leigh Welling USNPS Regional Staff Chief Scientist, Alaska Region/Senior Advisor

leigh_welling@nps.gov USA

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for International Climate Change Programs

Margaux Granat IUCN Climate Policy Program Officer

margaux.granat@iucn.org USA

Mark Zimsky GEF Senior Biodiversity Specialist, Biodiversity Focal Area Coordinator, Regional Coordinator for Latin America

mzimsky@thegef.org USA

Martín Cadena Salgado CONANP Resilience Project, Coordinator

martin.cadena@conanp.gob.mx Mexico

Mike Wong Parks Canada IUCN/WCPA

Executive Director mike.wong@pc.gc.ca Canada

Nancy Roeper USFWS National Wilderness Coordinator

nancy_roeper@fws.gov USA

Óscar Guevara WWF-Colombia

Climate Adaptation Specialist

ojguevara@wwf.org.co Colombia

Paula Bueno Parques Nacionales

Protected Areas Governance Senior Advisor

paulibueno@gmail.com Colombia

Silvio Simonit IUCN Operations Coordinator, Mexico

silvio.simonit@iucn.org Italy/Mexico

Tom Dawson University of St Andrews

Research Fellow tcd@st-andrews.ac.uk UK

Tomasz Wiercioch Parks Canada

Youth Engagement Support Officer

twiercioch17@gmail.com Canada

Valeria García Lara CONANP Climate Change Strategies Analyst

valeria.garcia@conanp.gob.mx Mexico

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Appendix II: Workshop Agenda

Wednesday, October 7th

8:00 – 13:00 Introductions and Welcome Explore the Context for PACCSG Review of World Parks Congress and Promise of Sydney (Recommendations) Specialist Group: Terms of Reference Definition of the contribution of the Specialist group

13:00 – 14:30 Lunch

14:30 – 18:30 Review and feedback on examples and tools: - IUCN Best Practices Guidelines: Managing Protected Areas in the

Face of Climate Change: Guidance for Protected Area Managers and Planners

- Global Environmental Facility: Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool

Discussion on criteria for identifying outcomes and activities to be identified in the work plan of the Specialist Group

18:30 – 19:00 Break

19:00 – 20:30 Reception/ Poster Session: Informal poster presentations and networking session

Thursday, October 8th

8:00 – 13:00 Draft work plan with priorities: - Map current and needed activities and link to Promise of Sydney

recommendations (Logic model approach) - Prioritization of outcomes and activities

13:00 – 14:30 Lunch

14:40 – 19:00 Articulate next steps and commitments - Develop a road map – long-term strategy and short-term

activities. Timeline with milestones and commitments. - Identify additional members.

Final wrap up/ discussion. Closing remarks.

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Appendix III: Workshop Photographs

Workshop participants, group photograph.

Plenary discussion on activities.

Group discussions.

Facilitated group discussions.

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Plenary discussion. Workshop session: open dialogue.

Plenary discussion. Board collecting participants’ responses.