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Protective Systems. Objectives (1 of 4). Identify the value of protective systems in protecting life and property. Identify and explain the operation of the various types of detection devices. Explain and recognize the types of sprinkler heads and how they operate. Objectives (2 of 4). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CHAPTER
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12.1Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Protective Systems
CHAPTER
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12.2Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Objectives (1 of 4)
• Identify the value of protective systems in protecting life and property.
• Identify and explain the operation of the various types of detection devices.
• Explain and recognize the types of sprinkler heads and how they operate.
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12.3Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Objectives (2 of 4)
• Identify the various types of sprinkler systems and the components of each type.
• Identify the piping arrangements of sprinkler systems and connections.
• Demonstrate how to connect to a fire department connection.
• Identify control valves for systems and explain their operation.
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12.4Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Objectives (3 of 4)
• Explain the methods used to return a sprinkler system to service.
• Demonstrate techniques for stopping a flowing sprinkler head.
• Identify standpipe classes and types of systems.
• Identify piping and connections for standpipe systems.
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12.5Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Objectives (4 of 4)
• Demonstrate how to connect supply and attack lines to standpipe connections.
• Identify alarm systems for protective systems.• Explain fire department procedures at
protective properties.• Identify other protective systems, their
components, benefits, and hazards.
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12.6Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction (1 of 2)
• Protective systems help protect lives and property.
• Suppression systems are devices that help control fires.– Also called auxiliary appliances
• Some systems require manual activation, while others can detect a fire automatically.
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12.7Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction (2 of 2)
• Sprinklers and standpipes are two main suppression systems.
• Most systems use water; however, chemicals and other agents can be used.
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12.8Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler Head Design and Operation (1 of 2)
• Sprinkler heads are the key component of the system.
• Heat sensitive parts usually detect heat and apply water to the fire.
• Sprinkler heads come in many designs.• Standard sprinklers are marked with SSU or
SSP on the deflector.
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12.9Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler Head Design and Operation (2 of 2)
• Operation of a sprinkler head begins with the fusible element reaching is fusing point.
• There are three types of fusing elements.• Fusible link• Bulb filled• Chemical pellet
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12.10Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler Head Types
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12.11Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler Head Parts
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12.12Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler System Connections and Piping (1 of 3)
• The connections and piping for a sprinkler system provide water to the heads.
• On some systems, a fire pump may be included.
• A secondary water source is a fire department siamese connection.
• Fire department connection can supply system even if main control valve is closed.
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12.13Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler System Connections and Piping (2 of 3)
• Most systems also have a backflow preventer.
• System may have other control and check valves.
• Main control valve is below riser that feeds the cross mains and branch lines.
• Tamper alarms alert the alarm company whenever someone operates the valve.
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12.14Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler System Connections and Piping (3 of 3)
• Firefighters should be able to connect a supply line to a sprinkler or or standpipe.
• When connecting to a siamese, use the outlet on the far left first.
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12.15Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Control Devices for Sprinkler Systems
• There are three main control devices for sprinkler and standpipe systems.– Outer screw & yoke (OS&Y)– Post indicator valve (PIV)– Wall indicator valve (WAV)
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12.16Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Fire Protection Valves
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12.17Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Returning Sprinkler Systems to Service (1 of 3)
• Most departments do not service sprinkler systems.
• Fire departments stop the flowing head or shut the system down.
• Firefighters must know how to shut down either individual heads or the entire system.
• Fire step is to shut down any pumper supplying the system.
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12.18Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Returning Sprinkler Systems to Service (2 of 3)
• The main sprinkler or a sectional valve should be shut down and drained.
• Valves must be reset and opened once sprinkler heads are replaced.
• Sprinkler tongs or wooden wedges can be used to stop a sprinkler.
• Water flow may also be stopped by shutting down the main sprinkler valve or a floor or sectional valve.
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12.19Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Returning Sprinkler Systems to Service (3 of 3)
• You can replace heads, once a system is shut down and drained.
• Slowly refill the system.
• If system cannot be restored, a fire watch will be needed.
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12.20Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Stopping Water Flow
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Standpipe Classifications (1 of 3)
• Standpipe systems in large buildings prepipe water lines for fire streams.
• Some systems allow both occupants and firefighters to use them.
• Tunnel systems and shopping malls have horizontal standpipe systems.
• Standpipe systems are classified by type of user and requirements for volume and size.
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12.22Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Standpipe Classifications (2 of 3)
• Class I systems are designed for trained personnel.
• Class II systems are designed for use by untrained building occupants.– May be used by a trained or untrained person
• Class III systems are used by trained or untrained personnel, but meet Class I requirements for flow.
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12.23Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Standpipe Classifications (3 of 3)
• An automatic wet pipe system has a water supply.
• Automatic dry and semiautomatic dry pipe use dry pipe until a hose station is opened.
• Semiautomatic systems require an activation valve to be opened manually.
• Manual dry pipe relies on the fire department connection for water supply.
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12.24Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Standpipe System Connections and Piping (1 of 2)
• Standpipe systems range from very simple to complex systems.
• Standpipe systems include piping, outlets with hose, valves, fire department connections, and monitoring devices.
• Piping includes the riser or risers and any attachments needed.
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12.25Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Standpipe System Connections and Piping (2 of 2)
• Outlets may be in building stairwell or wall-mounted cabinet.
• Pressure regulating device should be attached to the outlet.
• Standpipe valves are similar to sprinkler systems.
• Fire department connection is an inlet or siamese device.
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12.26Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Class I Standpipe System
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Class II Standpipe System
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12.28Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Alarms for Standpipes and Sprinklers (1 of 2)
• Alarms and monitoring systems are found in most sprinkler and standpipe systems.
• Sprinkler systems are both detection and suppression devices.
• Occupant-used standpipe systems should be monitored.
• Gate valve may activate standpipe system.
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12.29Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Alarms for Standpipes and Sprinklers (2 of 2)
• Water flow alarms are also electrical or mechanical.
• Alarm company notifies fire department.
• Alarm company responds to tamper alarms.
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12.30Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Other Protective Systems
• Many other protective systems are in use today.
• Firefighters need to be familiar with most common types.
• If responding to more complex system, personnel should be familiar with them.
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12.31Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Local Application and Hood Systems
• System is designed for a certain location.
• Most systems use dry or wet chemical agents.
• Used for Class K fires.
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12.32Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Total Flooding Systems
• Used to protect entire area room or building.
• Use CO2 or other inert gases, halogenated or clean agents, dry chemicals, or foam.
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12.33Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Summary (1 of 2)
• Protective systems are designed to detect and/or suppress a fire.
• Value and operation of these systems must be understood.
• Sprinkler systems are used for detection and suppression.
• There are four main types of systems.
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12.34Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Summary (2 of 2)
• Standpipes supply water to large buildings.• Building occupants can also use standpipe
systems as well as firefighters.• Standpipe operations require careful
coordination. • Other systems detect fire and apply
extinguishing agent.• Kitchens usually have hood systems; other
systems are used to protect valuables.
