ProtestantsProtestants1. Lutherans

2. Anglicans• Episcopalians

3. Calvinists• Presbyterians• Huguenots

4. Anabaptists• Mennonites

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1. Lutheran

• Martin Luther–95 Thesis in 1517

• Justification by Faith

• Rejection of Papal Authority

• Two Sacraments

2. Anglican (Church of England)

• Henry VIII– Needed a male heir

– Broke from Catholic Church to get a divorce

– King is Church leader, not Pope

• Very Catholic-like at first

• Edward VI and Elizabeth I – Made Anglican less Catholic-like

– Council of Bishops & monarch lead church

Henry

VIIITudor

Dynasty

Henry VIIIr. 1509 - 1547

• Started out a Catholic–“Defender of the Faith”

• Wife Catherine of Aragon not birthing a son (heir)–Henry desire an annulment

–Pope denied annulment

• 1530’s Henry passed a series of measures to break from the Catholic Church

• Opposition beheaded–Including Thomas More

• Created Anglican Church–Divorced Catherine and married

Anne Boleyn

• New Church–Thomas Cranmer, newly appointed

Archbishop of Canterbury, helped design the church

–Very similar to Catholics• Confessionals, clerical celibacy, transubstantiation

–Led by monarch and council of Bishops

–Confiscated Catholic land and sold off estates (see pg 408 for effects)

• Tudor dynasty solidified as upper classes backed the king

• Government administration changed– The council, secretariats, Exchequer, etc

• Some rebelled: “Pilgrimage of Grace”– Large rebellion

– Leaders arrested, tried, executed

• Alienated the devote Catholic Irish

• Henry had –Six wives

–Two daughters (Mary: Catholic, Elizabeth: Protestant)

–One son (Edward VI: Protestant)

Wife # 1

Katherine of Aragon

Divorced(daughter Mary)

Wife # 2

Anne Boleyn

Executed as a traitor

(daughter Elizabeth)

Wife # 3

Jane Seymore:Died in Childbirth

(son Edward)

Wife # 4

Anne of Cleves:

Divorced

Wife # 5

Katherine Howard:

Executed

Wife # 6

Katherine Parr:

Widowed

Edward VI

Edward VIr. 1547-1553

• Country ruled by regents due to Edward being too young to rule when Henry VIII (daddy) died

• He only actually ruled for a few years

• He was Anglican

Lady Jane Grey

Jane Greyr. 1553 (9 days)

• ‘Placed’ in charge by Protestants to try and keep next in line (Mary I) from returning Catholicism to England–Jane was a pawn in a political intrigue

game between powerful nobles

• Mary raised an army and ‘removed’ Jane from the throne

Bloody Mary

Tudor Dynasty

Mary I (Bloody Mary)r. 1553-1558

• Mary was Catholic– Nicknamed ‘Bloody Mary’ due to her

numerous public executions of Protestants

• She married Philip II of Spain– Many English hated Spain

– Mary lost support due to this arrangement

– Mary and Philip had no children (heirs)

The The Virgin Virgin QueenQueen

Tudor Dynasty

Elizabeth I (Virgin Queen)r. 1558-1603

• Protestant–Not overly concerned with religion–Passed 39 Articles that made

Anglican the state religion but allowed Catholics to exist

• She was very Shrewd–Intelligent and manipulative

• She favored the arts–Age of Shakespeare

• She commanded respect and was an excellent ruler

• She never married (Virgin Queen)–Used her eligibility to woo suitors

and acquire treaties and agreements that favored England

–Died without an heir

• Hired pirates to sink Spanish ships in New World–Francis Drake was most famous

–She denied this accusation

• Defeated the Spanish Armada–Poor weather sunk most of Spanish

ships

–Paved the way to England’s rise to most powerful navy

Prelude to Constitutionalism• Sale of Catholic land (Henry VIII)

allowed an increase in wealth and power of Nobility

• New business policies gave wealth to non-aristocratic people (Joint-Stock)

• Monarchs began relying on gentry for financial aid–Weakened power of king–Increased influence of the gentry

Later…

• Episcopalian (Anglican in USA)

• Puritans–Purify church of all Catholic

influence

–Very Calvin-like

http://vimeo.com/66512566

Calvinism

3. Calvinism

• John Calvin (1509-1564)• Assisted in Reformation in

Geneva (absorb pg 411)

• Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion–Outlined his theology

Calvinist Doctrine

• Focus on absolute sovereignty of God and Weakness of humans

• Predestination– No free will

– God has decided who will be saved (the ‘Elect’) & who will be damned

• Hard work, thrift, proper moral conduct are signs of being one of the ‘Elect’

Calvinism elsewhere…

• France = Huguenots

• Scotland = Presbyterians (John Knox)

• England = Puritans

Presbyterianism

• Huguenot (Calvinism in France)

• Presbyterians (Calvinism in Scotland)–John Knox (Scotland)

–Presbyters lead community church

4. Anabaptists• Anabaptism (to baptize again)

–Adult Baptism –Must understand and willingly

accept the sacrament–Separation Church from the State

• Violent at first• Peaceful later

Mennonite

• Mennonites (pacifist Anabaptist)–Menno Simons reject violence

of Anabaptists

–Was pacifist