23

PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    0

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ����

���������� ����������! "���#�"$%�'&)("���*�+ ,��� �.- $'��/"�0/#�1�0(�����$/.2��"�#-���(

354#6870687�9 &)� 7�9%:06�;�6�<=7><5<?:

@BADCFEHG0@BIDCBJLKNM0O

PRQSQST5UWVXDY�YZ\[^]`_badcde8fhghibakjle\_�[ ZZ\[mZ\[on�e8fhp�qrqrp�csj0ite\_bakjr_�ghp�cdqljruvcdp�wdx?p*ibakjmy\pWfhjlwdi�cdpza{adjrf ZZ\[}|~[^�H_hfhck�vp���p���x?p*q0x����jmakp�ck�tadjlyt�)�.p�ake8fhp�c �|~[��{gh�.p*cdjlwdi���pz�~x?p*c�jr�.p*_ba���p�f,cdp*p�qrqr�v��_hfhcd��u\ck�tfhwdx?e\ql�8_he�� ���[o��ck���>wdi�]�akp*cd�takjle\_ ��h[��Bjm�~xhgh_hibadp*c Z���~[��Dp*c�jre8fhjrw�it���h��_he\c Z1|��[���p�_,i�yt��f�ck�tadjrwdi��������.jrq¡ �p*_�[ Z*�¢ [�£�e\�.xhqlpz�¤]�akp*cd�takjle\_ Z��¢ [mZ\[o¥�ghqlj¦���"§��_hu�fhp*c�[ Z ¢¢ [}|~[on"�t_hfhp*ql�hcdetak�"§��_hu\fhp�_�[ Z�¨¢ [©��[on"�t_hfhp*ql�hcdetak� §��_hu\fhp�_�ª~«¬_�i��taR�tqre\u §e�y�p*cH¥�ghqlj¦��� §��_hu\f�p*c*[ |t�¨�[�­�p��®p�cdp�_hwdp�c*[ |�|

¯s°R±³²z´¶µ�·s¸z¹*º»¸�¼t½�¾0¿z·z·�µ¶À

Page 2: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� �Z\[ PRQ������������������FQ��

Z\[mZ\[ - ��!�"#$#%"�&('*)+�-,�./'$,�0�"�&1#$'$23&/"�4657"�)�./'�8-"9!:';4<)�&/"�.=.>';!�?Z\[mZ\[mZ\[A@=B1C�D;E�C�F�GIHKJLENMOD;E$PRQTS j+U>��c�akjlfhjrub�tcdp w�adghfhp�ck�taVU�ghcs�tg�ake\_�e\�¤����§e\c�w�ak�'e\c�fh_hjr_�u\p*_hwe\c�fhjr_S§�tck� fhjNWLp�cdp�_�adj¦��qlp*ibyt�takjle\_hp�cBi���_.��_byL§��_hf>�tw¬��§e�c��tada¬�.e8fhp*qlqrp*cd�{y8jrw�wk���®p*_�e\��p�_�wde\�yt��cdjlp*cd��c#x��� p�ada�q¦�tu\�hgh_hf�p�a�w1§�ta�a�§e�y\p�c�akjlfhp*_L[YX jrqrq pz�~p*�.xNp�qWit�t_[Z]\ Z�^%_a`�a¶§��_�it�tw�?p*wdi�c�jlyt��w�ade\cdqlp*i�p�_���y�p*_vy8jrw�w f� �ghc�xNe�xhghq¦��akjre�_�b1f §��cc_ §��cBp*_edRB1C�D;E�C�F�GIHKJLENM%akjlfhw�yt��c�j¦���?p*q;bf�y8w*[+_ yt��cdjlp*cd��c%§e�y\p�c=^®p�ada fhp*qljr_bakp�c�yt��qS��yf`�f�p)cdp�p*qlq¦��aR��qlp*_�b5e�ghU���§e\c�yt��c® �p%cdp�p*qlqla�aR��q�_�jfhpz�>_hjladjre\_�wd�"§��_hu\fhp�_#��_baR�tc*Z�^%_a` p�a�a�wdx?p6g�jl�>iba yL§��cdf�p�[X jlfhwdg�a�y\p<gRi8qljr_hu�p*_���yiZ�^%_a` w a`�~c�w��y#p�a�a��Np�u��8_h_hp�qrw�yL§��c�fhp*w�xhcde��hqrp��^ Z>` jkml7n Zn _ \poq^�Z�` ^���jrWNp*c�p*_bakjr��qrp�i�yt�tadjre\_�`Z�^��R`�\ts ^$usp*ut�~_�_hp*qlwdp�yL§��c�fhp>`IvS�jlf�adjrfhxhg�_hibakp*_w_Y\ ��w�ak��c�ak��cHyt��c�j¦���?p*ql_xZ!jDyL§��c�fhp�ays [?��p*_"�®e\c akwd�tadak��g�a�y\p6gRi�qljr_hu\p�_w�a`�8c�w ��y�fhjrWNp*c�p*_bakjr��qrp�iby���akjre�_hp*_�[t]`_bakghjmakjly�a¬i���_.y~j>a §��_hi��%x���'fhpza*Uhp�q¦��wde�� p*_�c�p*i�ghcdw�jlyxhc�eg�p*wdw�w�e\� w akp�ub��cF�®cd��� j~jr_��h_hjladp*wdjl�¤�tqlaSwd��� akjlfhwdw akp�u n _�[�� §e\cc_Vz ���Np�w�a1§����wBy�§�tcdfhpzaZ�^%_>{ n _a`B��y)�tadaDy8j�w�ak��c�ak��cFj�Z�^%_a`DeghUvc�§e\cBe�wdwFy8jrfh��cdp j~aR�t_hu\p*_badp*_hw c�jribak_�jr_hub1w�e\� p*_hqljru�a^ Z>`su\p*w{��y n Zn _ \toq^%Z�`Kb Z�^�_�{ n _a`7\|Z�^%_a`�{}oq^�Z�` n _Kv@=B1~=~iGIC�D���HIQ�� a�a�xhc�e\�hqrp���pza"§��c¤�tg�ake\_�e\�)a��Npza`�~f�p*c¤w�e\� �Np�it�t_�a��tada(US§e\u�p*cdqlp*fhpza¤jfhjNWLp�cdp*_badj¦��qlp*ibyt�takjle\_hp*_�jr_badp)pz�~xhqlj�g�jla{�Np�cde\cHx ��i_�[N��p�a�jl_h_hp�� §��c���ada�e�� y8jBw�aR�tc�aR�tc e\�w��8w akp*�.p�a.j wd���.�¤�"w aR��c�q`§��u�p�y8jrf p*_ w�p*_>��c�p#akjrf�xhgh_hiba�bBwb��+i�e����.p*c�f�p�a.�ta�avu\p*_�e\���q`§e�x>�¤wk�t�����¤g�a�y\p6gRi�qljr_hubNfhp�a�§�tc��>��cd���Np�u��8_h_hp*qlwdpzy�§�tcdfhpza�b�e�ghU!jr_bakp��?p��8u\_�_hp*qlwdp�adjrfhp�_wde�� �Np�w�a¶§�t���.p*c¬g�a�y\p6gRi�qljr_hu\p�_�[�n"��_¤w�§��u\p�c e�gRi�w�����ta�aA^ Z/`�g�aku>§e\c¬p�adayGIC���P�E�~iGICf�IE�B1C�GIJ�JLDP��1C-��~=E��hd1D7�I�>�ID�GI~�EcdRB1C�D;E�C�F�GIHKJLENM(D;E$P�[Z\[mZ\[}|~[A�yE��hd1H�GIDcD$E$PRQH]�����_hub�Wwk���.����_U>��_�u¤§�tc fhpza _>��akghc�qrjru\��cdp��ta�a a1§��_hi��Wwdjru'p*_¤yt��c�jN��?p*qYZ w�e\� �Np�cde\c.��y p*_�P�E��hd1H�GID)akjlfhw�yt��c�jr�?p*q [F��p�a.jr_�_hp*�S§�tc��tada.fhp�_��?p*cde8p*_�fhp�yt��c�jN����?p*ql_|Z ��_baR��c#yL§��c�fhp*_ p*_hfh��w�a�j�^�jrgRi�pI��_hp*u\�takjmy���`(Uhp*qmaR��qlwdxhg�_hibakp*c<b f�y8w*[YZ�\ Z�^%��`Kb�|\ �f��Z���|�R�f�6v�v�v�[ n���_ jr_hf�jri�p�ck��cWe��³ak��akjlfhxhgh_�i�adp*_�� ��p�f p�a�a�jl_hfhpz�jlw�a¶§�tqrqrpza�b�Z}\Z�^$��`�\[Z��fb>e�ghU#y8j0wdi���qrqN��§e\q  d�)f�p*_h_>��xhcd���~jrwYUS§��c _�p*f>��_L[]`_he\� �hjre\qle\u\jl_���_byL§��_hfhwDakjrf�wdfhjlwdi�cdpzaR� ��e8fhp�qrqrp�cLa�[ pz�N[¶jr��q¦��_hf�_0§��cB����_�y8jrqlq\��e8fhp�qrqrp�ck�

x?e\xhghqr�takjle\_hwdg~ady\p<gRi�qrjr_�u\p*_(Uhe\w p�a�a����c�jrub�'jr_hw�p*ibakp�c*[>����)�?p�adp6gRi�_>��cYZ����t_�ak��qrpza jl_hfhjly8jlfhp*cwde�� qlp�y\p�c����c��cb?f�y8w*[0�t_�ak��qrpza jl_hfhjmy~jlfhp*c�j:�Fª akp�u�p*_hp�ck�tadjre\_hp�_�b>y8jrf p�_ y~jlwdw{akjrf�xhgh_hiba�jfhp�ck��w qljly8w�gz�8i�p*q»[��� fhp*_#e���u\jmyt��_hfhp��.jrq   §e�_ §�tcsfhp�_hwk���.���+���c �®c\���_ ���c §��csf�p�a c�jr�.qrjlu�a�ta�av��§e\cdp�w�a¶§�tqrq¦� w�jru�ta�a.��_baR��qlp�a�jr_�fhjly8jrf�p*c�_S§�tw�aR� ���c�§��cvp�_ba`�~f�jru�a.�?p*w�a1§���)a���y ��_baR�tqrp�ajr_�fhjly8jrf�p*c�jl_h_hp�yt��cd��_hfhp���c<b0fhp�a¤§��cs �gfhp*_p*_hfh��yt��cdjlp*cd��_hfhpvw ake\caUhp�adp*_�bSf�y8w*[�Z������y\oq^�Z��R`�[B�H_>��qre�u�a%��p�f fhp�a'akjlfhwdite\_bakjr_�ghp�cdqljrub�#����qrqlp�a�§��c'_�g g�ady�p6gRi�qrjl_hu\p*_��Np�w�a¶§�t��f ��yp�a�a{�Np�u��8_h_hp*qlwdpzy §�tcdfhpWe�ghU�p�_�c�p*i�ghcdw�jre\_�w��®e\c���p�q^ |�` � Z��>���7\�oq^%Z���` ^»­�p*i�ghc�wdjle\_hwdp�iby���akjre�_+`Z+�Y\t� ^;u p*u��8_h_hp�qrw�p�yL§��cdf�p>`<v

Page 3: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� �­�p*i�ghcdw�jre\_�w��®e\c���p�qr_#u\p�c��tadaZ�� \toq^%Z+�I`7\�oc^;��`Z��Y\toq^%Z���`7\�o=^;o�^$��`�`7\�o��Toq^;��`������ � �������\ o � ^;��`Z��Y\toq^%Z��I`7\�o=^;o�^;o�^;��`a`�`7\�o��To��Toq^$�`������ � �������\ o � ^;��`v�v�vZ�� \toq^%Z������a`�\�o � ^;��`f §��cTo � ^�Z�` f�p��>_hjlp*cd��w wde\� o � ^%Z�`���������� ��� ���\ oq^�oq^ v�v�v�o

! "$# %� ���'&^%Z�`a`�`Iv���hwdp�c�y�p*ck�+��ada�o � ��qlqladwt��,�Npzakp6gRi�_>�tc�o wk�t������_hwd�tada'��p�f wdjlu"w³  §��qly�a � u0���_hu�p*cx^®jr_bakp�Fª akp�xNetakp*_�wdp*_ �1y o�`�[B� a�a�wd��������_hw�§�tadak�#p*_��®gh_�i�adjre\_��p�f�w�jru"w³ �§��qly!x¬��"fhp�a�aR��w1§�ta�a

i���qrqr��w��ta�a E�D GIH�GIHa�)�®gh_hibakjle\_hp�_)(�o � i���qlq¦��w f�p�a �Fª akp{jladp*ck��akp�a��1y(oD[8n"��_.w1§��u\p�c¬egRi�wb��'�tada^ |�`sfhp��>_�jrp*cd��c p�a�aOGIC-P�E�~iGICf�IE�B1C�GIJ�JLD P�� C-��~=E��hd1Dq�I�>�ID GI~�E P�E��hd1H�GID D;E$P�[/x"+*q,:'%.>'$�-, 6 ? � §e\q  �fhp�_W��yWxhgh_hibakp�c-,>Z+�>��Z��K��Z��>��v6v�v/.�b�f §��c�Z�� \�o=^%Z������a`�it�tqrq¦�tw10h��C-��CUS§e\cd��_hfhp�adjrqlq�Z+�{gh_hfhp�c ^®jladp*ck��akjre�_#��y` oB[@=B1~=~iGIC�D���H�Q����hwdp�c�y\p�ck��qrjli�U�p�akp�cd_>��e�ghU�wdi�jrqlqr_>��f�p*cd_h�)��p�qrqr��_ ^ Z>` eghU ^ |�`�[>�H_>��qre�u\jr_�hqljrc a`�8fhqljrub�tcdp�e\� fhp�a adjrfhw�fhjrw�i8c�p�ak��w �8w�akp���pza)§��c u\jly�p�aH��y�p�_�P�E 2 GIH�GICf�>Ghd�31��D$E�B1C� Z�������4�Z�� \ n ^%Z���`I� �w\ �f��Z���|��v�v6v ^»��jNWLp�cdp*_�wdp*ibyt�tadjre\_+`Z+�*\p� ^;usp�u��8_h_hp�qrwdpzyL§��cdfhp�`<�f §��c n ^%Z���`%�?p*wdi�c�jly\p�c)� §e\c §��_hfhc�jr_hu\p�_�®c\���_ u\p�_hp*cd�takjle\_ � akjrqlq�u\p*_�p*ck��akjre�_ �w{ Z\[�S ��c³ �pfhjNWLp�cdp*_�wdp*ibyt�tadjre\_ i���_ _>�tadghcdqljru�a�y8jrw%wdi�cdjmy��tw�x ��+fhp*_ u\p�_hp*c�p*qlq¦��c�p¤�®e\cd�.p*_[^»|�`'u\p�_he\��ta�a�w1§�ta�aR��oq^%Z���`�\|Z���{ n ^�Z��R`�[@=B1~=~iGIC�D���H QN��§�tc�y~j\a1§��_hitp*cDx¬��{x?e\xhg�q¦�tadjre\_hw���e8fhp�qrqrp�c>��p�f'p�_%yt��c�j¦���?p*q1Z���wde\���?p*w�i�cdjN�y\p�c x?e\xhghqr�takjle\_hp�_hw w�ade\cdqlp*i+b>�Np<U §e�y�p*c jl_bakp Z��¤_ §e\f�y §��_hf�adjru�a�y8jrw yt��ck�.��_baR�tqrp�a{jl_hfhjly8jlfhp*cy8jrf akjlf �F[ n"��_ i���_ egRi�wb��!a1§��_hi��+wdjru!p�_���_�_>��_ wdi���qr�fb w\��!�ta�a=Z�� §��c.��_baR��qsjr_hfhjmy8jN�fhp�c�c1§��i�_>��avj a*[©p��L[Dakghw�p*_baR�tq�bFp�qrqlp*c���ada Z��"� §��akp*c'xNe�xhghq¦��akjre�_hp*_hw%wk�t��qr��fhp�y8jli�a6bBf�p*_w*[ i5[©��jre\����wdwd��_�[

56 3>C�E�C�MZ�[lZ�Q¬��p*_�p*_�i8qr��w�adpWxNe\x�ghq¦�tadjre\_�wd�.e~fhp�qrqlp*_¤j0f�jrwdi�c�p�a{akjrf §��c�fhp�_"qljr_�  §��cd�fb�Z��=\7 Z��8���Kb�� z�Z�bhf0§��c 7 §��c p*_�x?e\wdjmakjly.x>�tck���.p�adp*c e�ghU Z���z�����§e\cY�w\ ���Z���|�6v�v�vz[^»�R` S �tf Uh��c�x>��ck�t��pzakp*c�_ 7 ��§e\c �hjle\qre�u\jrw�i�ade\qri�_hjl_hu�9^��+`;:�adadc���gRieZ���wde\� p*_,�®gh_hibakjle\_���yeZ+�>b 7 e�ghUw�B[^$g>`=<~��������_�����adaR�wdp�f>��_ j�e\cdf|U�ghc,fhp�_h_>� xNe�xhghq¦��akjre�_hwd�.e~f�p*qrq �?p�adp*c#w�jru j�fhpza

q����_hub�.qre\x�xNpza�^�f~y~w�[�_S§��cA�?> @ `Ib?eghU3U�ghc�fhpzadak�¤�Npzakp�p*_hfhp��?p*c�e\c x¬��iZ+�We�ghU7 [^�f+` S jrqlit�{xhcde��hqrp�� i���_vf�gvwdp �.p*fvfhp�_h_>���.e~fhp�qrq�wde�� p�_.�?p*w�i�cdjly8_hjl_hu���y%y\p*c�i�qrjru\�x?e\xhg�q¦�tadjre\_hp�cdw w�ake�cdqrp�iA9

Page 4: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� �� ada{w�e\� j0fhp�a�aR�v����qrqLi8g�_h_>��Uhjla�aR�vp*_�pz�~xhqrjrg*jma eghU U>��_badp*cd�h��c �®e\cd�.p*q���§e\c Z��"§��c ��§e\c

fhpzaH�.p*w aR�ve\�"§ez �qrjlu�a¬��§e\c���_hf�ck�v��e8fhp�qrqrp�c*[56 3>C�E�C�M"Z\[}|Q � §e\c �ta�a ��y�U� �§��qrxh�'�hc�jrw�adp*c�_>�)�.p*f¤f�p*_#qrjl_� �§��cd�%�.e~f�p*qrqlp*_�b\y8jlqrq>����_�jr_badcde �fhgg�p*cd�"p*_ f0§����xh��_hfhp�����ibake\c���§e\c%w�ade\ck��xNe�xhghq¦��akjre�_hp*c�[����^y~j¬a¶§�t_hi�p�c)e\w�w'yt��cdjr���?p*qr_Z���wdi���qr��f#wb��.�ta�a{��� Z�����ZWi���_#y8j�a�[ pz�N[>xhc1§ety��v�.p*fZ�� \ 7 Z��8���I^ Z 4�Z��8���a`^»�R`O���hw�p*c y\p*cd�¤�ta�a�e\��Z������ §�tc qrjladp�a ^®f�y8w*[>_ §�tck�v_he\qlq�` §�tc Z���� 7 Z������z[^��+`O���]Z������W§�tc w�ake�c�aybhf�y8w�[?_0§��ck�#Z�bhwb��vi�e\�.��p�c Z��.�tada yt��cd�vqrjladp�a*[^$g>`��%��)y8jrqli�pza w1§��ada%§��csfhp*_h_h����e8fhp*qlq5��p�c cdp*��qrjlw�akjlwdi�§��_#f�p*_#qrjl_� �§��cd�+9�S�jlqri��'�hc�jrw akp*cUh��c fhp*_ 9^�f+` <8i8c�jly Z��HeghU9Z��Wwde�� �®gh_�i�adjre\_�p*c���ywZ+�%e�ghU 7 [�£W��_ fhg+w�§��ub��_���tu\e�a��tqrqr�"§��_ba

e���Z���wde�� �®gh_hibakjle\_���yeZ+��b 7 e�ghUw�)9Z\[}|~[ �x,:!:&���"���" 57"#-5���('�.>"�& �./'%8��� "R.>��!�"�&�? ]�akp�ck�tadjre\_hp�cS��_by §��_hfhwBeghU'ghxhxhite\����.p*c j?����_hu\�'��_�fhck�%wk���.�¤�t_U>��_hu�§��_¤fhp�a e1y��t_�_S§���._hf>������qrqlp�a¬�.p*f�xNe\x�ghq¦�tadjre\_�wd�.e �fhp�qrqrp�c*[

� �{p�� ade\_� ­{��xU�wde\_hw0�.p�ade~fW�t_�yL§��_�fhw�y8jrfW_�gh��p�cdjlwdi{q`§e\w�_hjr_hu �1y p*ibyt�takjle\_hp�c���^%Z�`7\�~[ :{adjl�®c���t_+p*_jr_hjmakj¦�tqDg�xhxhwdi��ta�ak_hjl_hueZ+����y"fhp*_w §e\ibak��c�e�akp�_�?p*c §��i�_>��wWwdgfg6g*pK�w�jly�aH�S§�tadadcdp'��xhxhc�e���jl�¤��akjre�_hp*c*Z��=\����q^%Z��8����`Kb5fS§��c���� ^%Z�`*\�Z 4���^�Z�`�� ����^%Z�`z[��pzadak�"i���_ fhg q`§�twk���.p*c'e\� j a�[ pz�N[Bfhjr_ ut�~�._>��w�jrp�qrjla�akp�ck�tadghc�eghU qljri���w����jsf�p� p*w�ak�.q�§��cde��S§e�gRi�p�c j0p*_� yt��cdjr���Np�q���_h��ql�8w*[h�Hp�� ade\_�`­H��xfUhwde\_�w{�.p�ade~f#i���_,e�gRi�w8���t_�y §��_�f>��w f���%�¤�t_¤w §e�i�p*csi�e\�.xhqrp����'c §etadakp�c adjrqrq~a�[ pz�N[�pzada x?e\qm�~_�e\�wbbf�p�adak�'qlp*fhp�cadjrqlq0jlakp�ck�tadjre\_���y�p*_ cd�takjle\_hp*qlqL�®gh_hibadjre\_�fhp��>_�jrp*cd��f jDfhp�a i�e\�.xhqlpz���.ak��qrxhqr��_hpza�[n���_�w a¶§e�adp*c f¬���x���=Uhp�qla�_b�b�v�®p*_he���p�_�b>�Fjlu\ghc�Z\[

� �{gh�.p*cdjlwdi����.p�ade~fhp�c.��§e�c¤q`§e�wd_hjl_hub��c���y�fhjNWLp�cdp�_�adj¦��qlp*ibyt�takjle\_hp�cv���8u\u�p*c�e�gRi�w8��x����jladp*cd�takjmy��#xhc�eg�p*fhg�cdp*c�[ §� c%fhg jr_badcdp*w�wdp�ck��fit�t_�fhg�a*[©p��N[Bq §��wk�,j¬it�txhjladp*q¬��j� jlqrq �! sghqlqrp*_L[

� ]�adp*cd�takjle\_hp*c�i���_�egRi�wb��.u5§e\cd��wHj�U0§e\u\cdp%fhjl��p�_hwdjle\_hp*c�[#"{���_hu�adjrfhw�xhcde�u\_he\w�p*cd_h����§e\cyL§��f�cdp�a �>��w�p*cd��w x���%p�_¤jladp*cd�takjmy)�.e~f�p*qrq~��p�f�����_hu\��adghwdp�_�yt��c�j¦���hqlp*c<b�fS§��c�yt��c³ �pjmakp�ck�tadjre\_hw�w�adp*uvc §�ti8_h��c �®ck��� y §��fhp*c�wdjmakg>�tadjre\_�p*_xg��~[0Z1�v��jl_8g~akp*c�[

� ]�adp*cd�takjle\_hp*c ^�fhjlwdi�cdpzaR�)f~�~_h����jlwdi��)w �~w akp��e`�§�tcsp�a�a qrjmyt��ibakjruta��®e\cdw�i8_�jr_hu\w�e\�.c����fhpjswdjru"jr_he\� ���tak�.p*���takjli�p�_�bScdp*qr�takp�ck�ta'akjlqrq¬w*[ i5[%$�i���e\w ���®e\c�wdi�_hjl_hu'&�e�ghU �®cd��ibaR�1�qlp*c�[)(�§��c%_hp*fh��_ i�e����.p*c�y8js��ada%�Np�c1§e\cd��jmakp*cd�takjle\_hp�c�j p�_�c�p*p*qlq�y��tcdj¦�t�Np�q wk���'ajmakp�ck�tadjre\_hp�c ��y#ibyt��fhcd�takjlwdi��)�®gh_hibakjle\_hp�c j0fhp�a�ite\��x�qrpz����aR�tqrxhqr��_hp�a*[

Page 5: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� �

� ���q������� usjrqlfhp*_�y8jlwk��cBp*_�fhp*qh�1y)fhp�a¬ite\�.xhqrp��h� ak��qrx�q¦��_hpza�b¶�.p*fve\c�jru\ej ��jmadadp*_f §��c%fhp¤y8jlak��w�xNpzakwk�tcd_>�"� §e�adw*[D��p�a'y~jmaR��e\��ct���fhpza'g~aku §e\c�w���yfhp,ite\��x�qrpz���"ak��q wde�� i�e�_�y�p*c�u\p*cd��c��.e�avc�e�akp�_�� \ Z#akjrqlq�� � 4=Z3\�+gh_hf�p*c.�Hp � ake\_�`­H�txUhwde�_�`jmakp*cd�takjle\_�[D��p�a�aR� §��cvpzada�p���p���x?p*q x��� U�ghcw�[©i5[KHa�1d1D ��J�GIH�_h�takghc�qrjlu�a ghxhx�w�a���tc{jSwd�����>��_�f��.p*f,f��8_>���.jrw�i���w �8w�akp���[usjlqrfhp�_ §��c aR�tu\p*_,ghc��� ��� b�f §��c fhg�egRi�wb���i���_,q §��wd�v��p�c e\� fhpzadak��[

|~[�� ����T+�����1� X T����5T-����� T?Q�����T+� �0T5T Y�Y�X X Q:�:� X �q� X �����-� Y�� Q����[#"���ta�e\w�w�pz�~xNp�cdjl��p�_�adp*cd���.p*f��ta�a�jladp*cdp�ck��ibyt��fhcd�takjlwdi����®gh_hibakjle\_hp*c���y��®e\cd�.p*_

�! ^%Z�`�\ 7 Z�^ Z 4�Z�`K� f0§��c��#" 7 � �"§��c p*_�x>��cd����pzakp�c eghU���� Z �=Z�v��p�a�§��c q�§�tada��tadaHy~jlwk�#�ta�a y8jrqlqrite\cdpza��$" 7 � ��u>§e\c��ta�a �% ��y8�hjrqlf>��c{jr_bakp�c�yt��qlqrp�a&� �f��Z �jr_,j�w�jru�w® �§�tqly�a�b~f�y8w*[?��� Z ��Z|\(' ��� �! ^�Z�` ��Z\[

56 3>C�E�C�M�|~[lZRQ�u p�y8jrwd�.fhpzadak��x����w�ab���p*_hf�p*)S�jhy §��q¡ �p*c¬_�g.� §e�cdw�a 7 \ �'�\|b\e�ghU¤jmakp*cd��c � �,+ �s�.p*f.p�ada x>��c¬e\qljri���jr_�jlakjr��qly §��c�fhp*_L[�n�p*fZ+�Y\ �fv}���������c y8j ^��.p*f#adyB��vfhp6g�jr����qrp�ch`�fv �t�#-/.10324 > �fv©�\¨#-4.10524 > �fv©�b�&-4.10524 > �fv©���6-4.10524 > �fv©�\�#-4.10324 > �v}�\�#-4.10324 > v�v�vZ���\ � � �,+ � ^ Z��\|�` a`��gRi8w�ite\_by\p�cdu\p�ck���.e�a�Z9\ Z�����[�S�jDi���_ w�p�fhp�a�aR��a`�~f�qrjrutaHjB�Fjlu\ghcH|

fS§��c y8j�U>�tc xhqre�a�aR�ta*Z�����e�a �F[[

Page 6: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� �

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

x

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14n

� ���q������� ]�akp*cd�taH��y �! ��p�f 7 \ � �\|�e�ghUxZ+�Y\ Z �\|~[

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

x

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14n

� ���q������� ]�akp*cd�taH��y �! ��p�f 7 \ � �\|�e�ghUxZ+�Y\ Z �\�~[

Page 7: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� �

Z ��� Z�

� ���q������� Z \=Z�����§��c p�_"�ta�akcd��ibake\c adjrqrq � �,+ �1[S�jLjlakp�cdp�ck��c _�g � �,+ �{��p�f,w�aR�tc�yL§��fhpzaTZ+� \ �fv}|��v�.p*f,eghU�xhqle�adak��c6b8wdp'�Fjru�ghc ��[Z��#a`��gRi�w!��takp�cWw�aR�t�hjrqljrwdp�ck��w�jru�i8c�jr_hu,xhg�_hibakp*_ Z \ Z ����[0]�w³ �§��qlyt��y\p�cdi�pza,§��cWfhpza)wb���ta�a ��§e\c���qrqr�)w�ak��c�a�yL§��cdfhp�_��6" Z+� " ZW�z���c y8j�wd�������v��w �~�.x�ade�akjlwdi����Npzakp�p*_hfhptª

qljr������ � � �,+ � ^%Z+�I`�\ Z ���fvn"��_,w�§��u\p*c{�ta�aYZ \=Z�����§��c p*_ ��D$D;Ha�1d1D�B1Hsakjlqrq � �,+ � [���hwdp�c�y�p*ck�'egRi�wb��'�tada � �,+ � ^ Z�����`q\ Z����bbw��� Zx\ Z�����§��c�yt��f¤����_.i���qrqr��c p*_����-FCfd1D

akjlqrq � �,+ �¶["{��ta�e\w�w{_�g�xhc1§ety����.p*f,p�a�a �t_h_>�ta�x>�tck���.p�adp*c�yL§��c�fhp�b~y~j�yL§��q¡ �p*c 7 \ �v©�h[>n�p*f�w�aR�tc�aa�

yL§��cdf�p�a Z+� \ �fv ��bhjladp*cdp�ck��c y~j � �� �HeghU�xhqretadaR�tcVZ����.e�a �+jS�Fjru�ghc �

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

x

0 5 10 15 20 25n

� ���q������� ]�adp*ck��a{�1y �! ��p�f 7 \ �fv ��e�ghUxZ+�Y\ �v �~[��p�aHy8jrwk�tc�wdjlu#�tada�fhpv��qlqrck� � p*w aR��w aR��c adyL§��cdf�p*_9Z+�Wi�e\�.�.p*c��ta�a�c�p*wdg�qlakp�ck��jBwk���.�¤�

qd��t_hu�akjlfhwd�?p�adp*p�_hfhp�b>�h��_>��_�w�yL§��_hu\p�c jl_��.e�a{p�a�a e�ghU wk�t�����vxNp�cdjre8fhjlwdiba ��§e\cdqle\xhx�[5�)§��c������cdp,�?p*w�a1§���)a.�>_h_hw.fhpza�a�y ��xhgh_hibadp*c��/� � �v©���+e�ghU��$� � �fv©¨��b�w�e\� §��c�w����f>�t_>�

Page 8: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� �

� �� � ^ �1��`V\ �/� e�ghU � �� �1^ �$�I`�\ �1�Ib>f�y8w�[ � �� ���1y8�hjlqrf>�tc fhp*� x����yt��cd��_hfhcd��[>��§�tw�aR�t_"��qlq¦�^�jDp*_�y�§�tqrfhjlu�a{xhcdp<g*jrwH��p�_hjr_�ub>wde\� y8jDjr_bakp'uS���c{jr_"x���(US§��c�`{w aR��c adyL§��cdf�p*_ Z+��c�p*wdg�qlakp�ck��cj �>�t_he\cvwde�� w�y §��_�u\p*c�jr_ �.e�avf�p�adak�|/�`x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�it�,� §e\cdqle\xhx �/��> �/� > �1��v�v6v*[���pza��§e\c�w�aR������ibadgh��pza�b>��ada � �� � ^ �1��` \ �$� e�ghU � �� �1^ �$�I`�\ �/�Kb>g�adadc���gRi�p�c{y8j0u\p�_he\� ��ada�w1§�tub��ta�a , �/�I� �$�$.�§�tc p�_ ��GIHKE�B6P�E��hd=0h��C-� ^���qladp*cd_h�takjmy8a��I�>dRGIJ$`�adjrqlq � �� �1[~��p�a ��_hfhcd�%����ibadgh��pza�b�ta�a fhp � p*w�ak���>��_he�csi�e�_�y�p*c�u\p*cd��c ��etasfhp�_h_>�Ogz�~itp*q;b�g�a�akc���gRitp*c y8jLu\p�_he\� �tada w1§�tub�v�tadafhp�_h_>��g��8i�p�q §�tc p*_ ��D;D$Ha�1d1D B1HKb>p*_ ��D$D �1d1D$E�3 ��GIHKE�B6P�E��hd 0h��C-��["{��ta�e�wdw���y8wdqlg�aR�¤�.p*f �tadaHy�§�tq  d� 7 \ �h[+S�jFx�qre�a�aR��c{fhp)�\����§e\cdw aR�¤x�gh_hibakp�cd_>��x¬���f�p

adyF����>�t_he\c�w�e\� U>�tc�jr_hjmakjr��qlyL§��c�fhp Z+�y\ �fv}|���cdp�wdx?p*ibakjmy\p��Z+�y\ �fv}|~Z\[+S�j w�p*c�j��Fjlu\ghcH�

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

x

0 10 20 30 40n

� ���q������� 7 \ ��e�ghU�Z+� \ �fv}|���cdp�wdx?p*ibakjmy\p��Z+� \ �fv}|~Z\[R���hw�p*c y\p*cd� U�ghc_S§�tcdqrjlu\ub��_�fhp'yL§��c�fhp*_wd_>�t�h��a'wdp*xh��cdp�ck��cWgh_hf�p*cWjladp*ck��akjre�_�bNw�[©i5[qd 5��Cf�IJLENM�D0IGIH�B>GIC-P�G ��� 0IG�M��1C�C�GIJ �>GI��3>E�J�J dRB1H<Q

�ta�as�>�t_he\cd_h� U>��c p�a�as�)��gRitp�a��.p*c i�e\�.xhqrjrg*p�ck�ta¬�?p�adp*p*_�fhp�§��_�f�p�asy8j-U>��c wdpzadasadjrfhjlub��c�p�[S�jBwdp�c�egRi�wb��eU�ghc��h��_he\c�_>�fb?wde\� w�ak��c�ak��c�_S§��cd��yt��ck�t_hfhck��wd_>������aW��y8q`§��u\w�_>��cHwdjru#jm�®ct���_yt��ck�t_hfhck�~[5«��³adp*c ¢ jlakp�ck�ta{�?p��>_�_hp*c{fhp%wdjru�j0yt��cdw�jr_§��_hf�p)��y,jr_badp*c�yt��qlqrpza (�p�_"e\w�§��i�p�c�Uhpzaj |~ª©�#fhp6g�jr����qrp�_!�1y Z+�)u5§e\cW��ada�y8j¬jr_bakpvi���_!��§e\cdg~akw1§�tub��q`§��u�p�a%��y9Z��§ety\p*caU�g�y8ghf�aR�tu\p�a )n�jl_hwdi���c�y8j e\w�§��i�p�c�Uhpzakp*_ j �Np�u��8_h_hp�qrwdpzyL§��cdfhpza�akjrqlqsw ake\c�qrp*i�w�e\cdfh_�jr_hu\p�_ Z1� � � ite\���.p*c�>��_�e\cd_>��§��_hf����tada�wdp�x>��c�p*ck�tweUhp*qma¤c�p*f>�t_ p��³adp*c�� � w�akp�uh[ ¥>§�t�.��§e\c�fhpzadak��.p*f�f�p*_wdjmakg>��akjre�_,y8jDwb���u�akjrf�jrub��c�p�bh_0§��c{y8j:U>��fhp'p*_+��adakcd��ibakjmy����~xhgh_hiba p*qrqlp*c g��8itp*q (Nf����i�gh_�fhpy8j\��§e\cdg~akw1§�tub� qd���_�u�akjlfhwd�?p�adp*p*_�fhp�a0p�����ibaBg~aR��_%�ta�a0y\p�ak��yt��c�y8jbw aR��c aR��fhp{§ety\p*caU�g�y8ghf�aR�tu\p�a )

Page 9: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� �

56 3>C�E�C�M�|~[}|QD« �~x?p*c�jr�.p*_bakp�ck�'_�g¤y8jlf>��cdp�w³ �§��qly?[8�>c����_.i�ghcdwaUhp*�.wdjlf>��_¤i���_�fhg¤qr��fhf>�W_hp�cp*_%iN§e\c���§�tcdfhjlu�n"��xhqlpI� �>q�b��������������� ���b¶�.p*f�yt��cdw�U¶ �§��qrx�fhg%i���_Wu5§e\cd� p*u\_>� p���x?p*c�jr�.p*_ba�[usp�cde8p*_hfhp�x���OU8g�c fhg�y §��q  �p�c x>��cd���.p�akp�cd_ 7 �����csf�g#e\qrjlit�Wa`�8xNp�c��1y��?p�akp�p*_hf�p*_�[5��p{����qrqy8j�U>��c w�p�adaTUS§�tcde1yt��_§��c �>��cd���0§e\c® d��_,e�ghU,wdqrg~akp�a�x¬��.p�_�qd���_hu=Uhjlw�ake�cdj¦� )

Page 10: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� �

��[�� � X�� ���1��P��0T+� X �����FQ« ada.p*_�i�p*qma.w1§�ta�a¤��ada.gh_hfhp�cdw�§e\i��jmakp*cd�takjle\_hp�cv��y p*_ p*_� y��tcdj¦�t�Np�q �®gh_hibadjre\_ oq^�Z�`�§�tc

�.p*f,w*[ i5[>u\ck�t�hwdi�jmakp*cd�takjle\_�[~« ada{pz�~p*�.x?p*q0wdp�w�jS�Fjru\g�c ¢ [

� �

����

����� ����

� � � �

� ���q������� ��ck�t�>w�i�jladp*cd�takjle\_�[^�]�`)­�jlak��u\ck���®p*_���\poc^%Z�` eghU,qljr_� �p�_���\|Z"j0wk���.�¤�)�hu\ghc*[^®]d]�` Sv§��q  spzada{w�ak��c�a�y�§�tcdfhp Z+�Hx¬��OZ� ���~p*ql_�[^�]�]d]�`��,��vqre8fhc1§��adas�®c\���_xZ+�{adjrqlq�oBª w u\ck��� bhf�y8w akjrqlqLxhg�_hibakp*_ ^%Z+�>�hoq^%Z+�K`a`z[^®] Sy` S jDy8jlqrq�UhjmadaR�(oq^�Z+�K`{x����Z� ���~p�qr_"w�_>��cd��cdp�§��_"x�������`���~p*ql_�ª?�����Uhe\c�jrwde�_�adp*qlqla �®c���t_^�Z+�>�Koq^�Z+�K`�` adjrqrqNqrjl_� �p*_��O\[Z�b>f�y8w*[hadjrqrqNxhgh_hibadp*_ ^�oq^�Z+�I`I�Koq^�Z+�K`�`�[^�Sy`O��� fhg�y~jlqrqhqle\i���qrjlwdp�ck�AZ�� \poq^%Z+�K`�x¬��yZ� ���~p*ql_�b�u0��'qle~f�c1§�ta�a��®c\���_ ^�oq^�Z+�I`I�Koc^%Z+�K`a`adjrqlq-Z�`���~p*qr_L[^�S�]�`O��� fhgy8jlqrqS�®e\c�adw1§�ta�aR�#�ta�aWjlakp�cdp�ck�fbNuS���qre8fhc1§��ada �®c\���_ ^�oq^�Z+�K`I�hoq^%Z+�K`a`HakjlqrqDu\ck�t�®p�_�=\poq^�Z�`Ib>e\w yN[���hwdp�c�y�p*ck�#��ada�p�_ ���~xhgh_hiba �.akjlqrq:o�b�oq^ ��`Y\ ��bs���akp*c �>_h_hw wde\� wdiN§��c�_hjr_�u\p*_+�.p*qlq¦��_oBª w�u\ck�t�De�ghU�qljr_� �p�_��=\[ZS[@=B1~=~iGIC�D���H�Q ��� Z��9\�oc^%Z��8����`W�.e~f�p*qrqlp*cd��c�w1§�tu p*_y~jlwdw'xNe\x�ghq¦�tadjre\_�w�f��8_>���.jri §�tc

yt��cdjr���?p*qr_ Z��=D;E�J�J �ID ���C-P1� 31��HKE$�+0IGIJLC�btf�p*_.wde\� �Np�wdi�cdjmy\p*c¬x?e\xhghqr�takjle\_hp�_hwFw ake\c�qrp*i5[�Z�`���~p*ql_i���qrqr��w fS§�tc���§e\cYD$E�J�J �ID 5��C-P1�IHKF�~ ^�p�qrqrp�c <�1�IHKF~i`z[�S jhy8jrqrq8��§e\cdw ab��yU�ghc���§e\q  �fhp�_ ,�Z�� . � c�§e\c�wdjlu%jakjlqrqlw�a���t_hfhwdc�gh�.��pza�[�]¬e1yt��_hw ab���p�_hfhp�xhc�eg�p*fhg�csc1§e�cswdjlu ,�Z��A. � w�_>��ck�tcdp q�§��_hu\w fhj¦�tu\e\_>��qlp*_��\ Z�b>��p�_�f�p�a{i���_) �g�q�§�tada e��)ake\qli���w adjrqrqNp*_,c1§e�cdp*qlwdp�x¬��=Z� �¶��p�qr_�[

56 3>C�E�C�M���[lZRQ :{_hfhp*c�w1§e\i)��p�fhqrp�������cd_h�Hjhfhp�_�ibyt��fhcd�takjlwdi�� �����.jrq¡ �p*_ �% jh�Fjru\g�c ¨���p�fu\cd�t�>wdi�jladp*ck��akjre�_�[�] fhp����tqrq?fhg Uhjla�aR��c p*_��tadadck��ibadjly����~xhgh_hiba{p*qlqrp�csx?p*cdjle~f�jrwdi��>�t_>�fb�u�p

Page 11: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� ���

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

y

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1x

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

y

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1x

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

y

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1x

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

y

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1x

� ���q������� �% �.p*f 7 \ Z��R|��|v©��cdp�wdx�[ 7 \ �v}��[e\� � §ez �qljru�aHpz�~p���x?p*q�x¬��#pzada%w�ak��c�a�y�§�tcdfhp�wde��^p  �i�e\_by�p*cdu�p*ck�tc'�.e�a�fhp�_h_>���tadadck��ibade\c*[¥ §����� §e\c u §�tcd_>���.p*f�f>�tade\cdi §e\c�_hjr_hu\��c*[

�h[ � � ���+�DQ��:�0T+�/x"+*q,:'%.>'$�-, 7 ? «�_�xhg�_hiba � §�tc p*_,���~xhgh_hiba�akjlqrq�o e\� oq^ ��`7\ �8[

56 3>C�E�C�M#�h[lZRQ�u p*w�a §��� ��qlq¦�'�~��x�gh_hibakp�c{adjrqrq �% � §e\c�� " 7 � �h[

Page 12: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� �a�56 3>C�E�C�M �h[}|QVS�jlwk�+�ta�ave\� o�§�tc�p*_ i�e�_�adjr_�ghp�cdqrjlu"�®gh_hibadjre\_�bBeghU e\� � §��c)p*_ wb���fh��_xhgh_�i�a'�ta�aWfhp�a���§e�c�_¬���u\e\_!jl_hjladj¦��qmy�§�tcdfhp Z+�%u5§��qrqlp*c �tadaWqljr� ��� � o � ^%Z+�I` \ ��b�wb��#�����w�adpoq^ ��`7\ �8[/x"+*q,:'%.>'$�-, : ? ��� �¤§��c p*_����~xhgh_hiba akjlqrqh�®gh_�i�adjre\_�p*_ o�b~eghU¤e\� f�p�as�h_h_hw p�a�aW§e\x�xNpzajr_badp*c�yt��qlq���jr_�_hp6U���tqrq¦�t_hfhp ��wb���f>��_ba �tada¬��§e\c¬�tqrq¦�AZ+������u5§��qlqrp*cF�tada qljr� ��� � o � ^%Z+�I`�\ �w1§�tu\w��)yt��ck�vp*_ ��D$D;Ha�1d1D$E�3�^��ID��+06E�J ` ���~xhgh_hiba�akjlqrq�oD[«�_ �ta�akck�ti�adjly!���~xhgh_�i�a�i�e\�.��p�c���qlqladwt����tada��tadadck��Uhp�ck����qrqr���>�t_he\c)w�e\� i�e\�.��p�c'j

fhp�wdw _ §��c�U�p�a�[b]Dy ���ck�Wpz�~x?p*cdjl��p�_ba�akjrf�jrub��c�p wb��tu%y8j5�ta�a � �,+ � Uh��fhp�p*_��tadadck��ibadjly)�~��x�gh_hibaj�Z \=Z�����[n�e�adwk�tadwdp�_�akjlqrqNp*_ ��adakcd��ibakjmy¤���~xhgh_�i�a�§��c�p*_�cdp�xNp�qrqrp�ck��_�fhp����~xhgh_hiba*[N�#���u5§��qlqrp�c �tada

�>��_�e\c wde�� w aR��c aR��c _0§��ck�'�~��x�gh_hibakp�_"��y8q`§��u�wd_>��c wdjluvgh_hfhp�c jladp*ck��akjre�_�[8�5e�cd�.p*qrqma it�t_�y~jfhpz�>_hjrp�ck�vfhpzadaR�vx¬��v� §e\q¡ d��_hfhp�w §�tada*[/x"+*q,:'%.>'$�-,��:? «¬_+���~xhg�_hiba ��akjlqrqSp*_ �®g�_hibakjre�_ ow1§��u�w�y��tck� H�G ��GIJ�J�GIHa��C-P�G�^ E�Cf�ID �+06E�J `e\� fhpza¤�>_h_�w¤p�a�a!§e\x�xNpza�jr_badp*c�yt��qlq�� jl_h_hp6U����qrqr��_hfhp �w\���fh��_ba#�ta�a���§e\c���qlq¦�9Z+����qbZ+��\ �b~�>_h_hw{fhp�a�pzadaT�!w\���fh��_ba{�tada�o � ^�Z+�I`�����F[

56 3>C�E�C�M��h[©��Q �Hy8u5§e\c)��p�f U� �§��qrx �1yu\cd�t�>wdi���_>��qm�8w'��§e\c)y8jlqri���yL§��c�fhp*_ x¬�� 7 wde\� �����xhgh_�i�adp*_ Z \ ��adjrqrq �! §��c��ta�akck�ti�adjly�cdp�wdx?p*ibakjmy\p%cdp*x?p*qlqrp�ck��_hf�p�[

56 3>C�E�C�M#�h[©��Q1:{_hfhp�cdw1§e�i#f��8_>���.jri�p�_,i8c�jr_hu��~��x�gh_hibakp�cd_>�.jS�Fjru\g�c ��[« �³akp�c e¶yt��_�w�a���tp*_hfhp¤§e�y8_hjl_hub��c qlp*fhw ����_�adjrqrq?��§e\q  d�t_hfhp�wd�takw�ª

���f./4 6 ? � ���DVoq^�Z�` 31��H��3GIC dRB1C�D$E�C�F+GIHKJLENM%KF�Cfd1D$E�B1C ~iG�PxdRB1C�D$E�C�F�GIHIJLENMwP�GIHKE�31��D �(o �%^�Z�`B ��� ~iG�P GIC ��� �-F�Cfd1D��:Q�� ��OM 5��J�J�GIH ��D$D^®j�`�� o � ^��-`�� " Z[\(' � 5��H ��D;D$Ha�1d1D;E�3��;�ID��+06E�J ���^�jrj�`�� o � ^��-`���� Z[\(' � 5��HyHhG ��GIJ�J�GIHa��C-P�G�� E�Cf�ID �+06E�J ��Q@=B1~=~iGIC�D���H�Q7����� o � ^��-`�� \ Z�it�t_�����_�u�p*_hp�cdp*qlqla jl_bakp�fhcd��_ ���u\e�_#wdqrg~akwk��akw e\� w�ak���hjN�qrjmakpzakp*_L[

56 3>C�E�C�M��h[}�Q�usp�y8jrwd� <��tadw Z\[�^%X jrxhw�ªt�H_�y §��_�f¤n�p*fhp�qly §��cdf�p*wdwd�takw�p*_.eghU�fhp�cdjmy���aR��_hwBi�e\_��akjl_�ghjladp�a�[ `

56 3>C�E�C�M �h[}�Q{��g U>��cvakjlfhjru\��cdp�j §� y8_hjl_hu!�h[lZ��?p*c1§�ti8_h�ta����~xhgh_hibakp�cd_>�akjrqlq �% ^%Z�`e\7 Z�^ Z 4�Z�`z[5� §e�csy8jrqri��)yL§��c�fhp*_�x��� 7 §��c fhp�wdwk��w�ak���hjlq¦�+9

56 3>C�E�C�M��h[ ¢ Qs� _bak��u!�tada'y8js�.e~fhp�qrqlp*ck�tc�p�ada)y\p*c�i�qrjruta)�®p*_�e\��p�_�bDw1§��u+p�_ xNe\x�ghq¦�tadjre\_�w��w�ade\cdqlp*i+b?��p�f"p�a�a�f��8_>�t��jlwdiba w �8w�akp�� w�e\� fhp�a jBp�i�yt�tadjre\_�^ |�`hb?eghU+��ada�f�p�adak��w �~w akp��U>��c p�_��~��x�gh_hiba �8[^»�R` S �tf�w yt��ck��c ���~xhg�_hibakp*_��.e�a�j�fhpza{�®p�_he\�.p*_#y8j0��e8fhp�qrqrp�ck��c�9^��+`�n�e�akjmy\p*cd����§e�q  d��_hf�p�x ���w a8���p�_hfhp�ª?�Fj �~xhgh_hibakp�_ �v����w akp�yt��ck�vw�ak���hjlq���§e\c��tada�yt��cd�

e��hwdp�c�y\p�cd�>�tcHj�f�p�a�y\p�cdi�qrjlub��w��8w�adp*�.p�a*[

Page 13: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� ���

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

y

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1x

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

y

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1x

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

y

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4x

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

y

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4x

�T���c�:����� :H_hf�p*cdw�§e\i��?p�adp*p*_�fhp�aHi�cdjr_�u����~xhgh_hibakp�cd_>�.��p�f,u\ck�t�hwdi�jmakp*cd�takjle\_()

�~[�� T+�����c�:���/� X��NX Q��c�/x"+*q,:'%.>'$�-, 3 ? «�_+xhgh_hiba Z�§��c ��GIHKE�B6P�E��hd(~iG�P ��GIHIE�B6P��!gh_hf�p*c�jmakp*cd�takjle\_���p�f oe\�o���^�Z�`�\[Z�b>��p�_wo�1^%Z�` \[Z"��§e�c�=\ Z��R|��v�v�v ��4 Z\ªZ �4 > oc^%Z�` �4 > v�v6v��4 > o � ��� ^�Z�` �4 > o � ^�Z�`�\[Z�vn §��_�u\fhp*_ ,>Z��Koq^�Z�`I��v6v�vho � ��� ^%Z�` .)i���qrqr��wsp�_ ��GIHKE�B6P�E��hd 0h��C-�'p�qrqlp*c p�_ �I�>dRGIJNQ� GI~ ��GIJ Z�Q�oq^�Z�` \=Z 4�Z � U>�tc{p�_�|/�`x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i.�h��_>� ,��f��Z .�[

Page 14: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� � ���cdp<g*jrw w�e\� �~��x�gh_hibakp�c{wb��vit�t_�x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i��'xhgh_�i�adp*c yt��ck�v��adakcd��ibakjmy��e^�w�ak���hjlq¦�R`�p*qlqrp*c

cdp�xNp�qrqlp*ck�t_hfhp�^®jr_hw aR���hjlq¦�R`�[/x"+*q,:'%.>'$�-,���? «�_+xNp�cdjle~fhjlwdi�x�gh_hiba ��akjlqrq:o�.p*f"xNp�cdjre8f �+w1§��u�wHyt��ck�¤�tadadck��ibakjmy#e\�� §��c p�_+�ta�akck�ti�adjly��~��x�gh_hiba adjrqrq:o � [L«�_ x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i�xhgh_�i�a �vakjrqlq:o�.p*f�xNp�cdjre8f �+w §��u�wyt��ck�vc�p*x?p*qrqlp*cd��_hfhp�e�� ��§��c p�_�c�p*x?p*qrqlp*cd��_hfhp �~��x�gh_hiba�akjrqlq�o � [S�jBwb���u�adjrfhjlub��c�p%jByF��tck�¤p���x?p*c�jr�.p*_ba�jBit�txhjladp*qF|��tada � �� � U>��c p*_!�ta�akck�ti�adjly"|/� g��8i�p�q�?p*w�a����p*_�fhpv��y,xhgh_hibadp*cd_h� �1� � �fv ����eghU �$��� �fv©¨��b5e�ghU"j §��y8_hjl_hu��~[lZ'�S§e\c{fhg"e�gRi�w8��U>�vwdpzadaH�ta�a'§�ty\p�_ � �� ��U>�tc p*_�w�aR�t�hjrqNxNp�cdjre8fhjlwdi.�>��_>����y#q`§�t_hu\f�|~[� §�tw�aR�!wk��akw�U�  §��qlxNp�cve\wdw.�ta�a.� §e�cdw�ab��3U8g�c.y8j i���_ ��_by §�t_hf>�!fhp*c�jlyt�taR�t_ §��y\p*_ � §e\c.�tada

�?p*w�a1§���.�¤�Ogz�~i�qlp*cdw�w aR���hjlqrjmakp�a*[���f./4 7 ?�� C�D��>Me��D;Dqo 5��HOGIC P�GIHKE�3�GIH/0h��H KFCfd1D$E�B1C-Q�� �� M�Gh� P�GIHKE�31��D ��C � 3A����D�G E�D GIHa��D�GID� 3 o}� 3 ^�o � ` � ^�Z�` \ �8���� �

� � o � o� ^%Z�`�� v

56 3>C�E�C�M#�~[mZ�Qcuspzy8jrwk�'fhp*_h_h�)wk�tadw*[X jrxhw�ª~�H_�yL§��_�f�i�p�f� �p*c�p*u\p�qr_() :H_hfhp�cdw�§e\i.��§e�cdw�aYo � e�ghUo � jr_h_h��_#fhg�u\p*c fhjluvx ��.�tada��?p�y8jrwd�vfhp�aH��qlqr�"§��_h_>�W����qrqlp�a�[���f./4 : ? � C�D��>Me��D$Dqo 5��H GIC P�GIHKE�3�GIH$0h��H�KFCfd1D$E�B1C B ��� ��D$D�1� 5��H GIC ��� ��GIHIE�B6P�E��hd �-FCfd1DD$E�J�J-o ~iG�P 0h��C-��, �/�K� �$�>���$����v6v�v6� � � .�Q:� ��OM 5��J�J�GIH ��D$D^�o � ` � ^ �/�a`�\ ^�o � ` � ^ �/�K`�\ v�v�v�^�o � ` � ^ � � `7\ �� �

� � o � ^ � � `�v��p�a�aR��w�§��u\p*c¬��ada¬j>��qlq¦�{xhgh_hibakp�c¬x ���p*_.xNp�cdjre8fhjlwdiW�>��_>�b\��p�f�q`§��_hu�f ��bRU>��cFfhp*c�jlyt�taR�t_

��y o � p�a�a'e�ghU!wk���.���¤y §�tcdfhp b0eghUfhp�a�aR��y §��cdf�p.u�p*w%��y+xhcde8fhghibadp*_�1y oBª©wWfhp�cdjmy���ake\cq`§�t_hu\w�fhp*_�xNp�cdjle~fhjlwdi����>��_h��_() <~x?p6g�jrp*qlqla��?p�a`�8fhp�cHfhpza���ada{xhgh_hibadp*cd_h��x¬��.p*_"x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i�>��_h�.�tqrq¦� U>��c wk�t������w�ak���hjrqljladp�akw�p*u\p�_hwdi���x?p*c�[���f./4 �:?�� G�P��6��~=~��� 5B1HKFD�� 5��D;D$C�E�C�MR��H �>B1~ E�����D�����M 5��J�J�GIH ��D;D^®j�`xB1~�� � � � � �mo � ^ � � `�� " Z 5��H 0h��C-��C3��D;D$Ha�1d1D;E�3 �;�ID��+06E�J ���^�jrj�`eB1~ � � � � � �mo � ^ � � `���� Z 5��H 0h��C-��C HhG ��GIJ�J�GIHa��C-P�G � E�Cf�ID��+06E�J ��Q@=B1~=~iGIC�D���H Q¬��cdp6g�jrw�w�e\� � §e\c{���~xhgh_hibadp*cWu §��qlqrp*cH�ta�a�e\��� � � � � �mo � ^ � � `��\ Zvi���_+�¤�t_u\p�_hp*c�p*qrqma jr_badp�fhck�v_¬���u�ck�vwdqlg�akwd�takw�p*c*[

56 3>C�E�C�M��~[}|Q :{_hfhp*c�w1§e\i e�� fhp�_ x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�it��>��_>��_ ,��f�*Z .!akjrqlq oq^�Z�` \ Z�4�Z � §�tc�ta�akck�ti�adjly�p*qlqrp*cscdp*x�ghqrw�jly?[

56 3>C�E�C�M"�8[}��QcS j:Uh��c�_8g���p�cdjrw�ibaHw�p�a�a��ta�a � �� �AU>��c�p*_"�tadadck��ibadjly,|>��g��8itp*q-, �1�I� �/�$.�[+uspK�c1§�ti8_h�"xhcde8fhghibadp*_ � � �� � ^ �1��` � � �� � ^ �$�I`W��p�f �1� � �v©����eghU �/� � �fv}¨t�h[Dy�p*c�jl�>p�ck�"x¬�� wb��wb���ada{�ta�a��>��_>��_ §��c{�ta�akcd��ibakjly?[

56 3>C�E�C�M��~[©��Q�u p�y8jrwd� <���akw���[X jlxhw*ª>�H_by §�t_hf <~�takwH|~[56 3>C�E�C�M �~[}�Q uspzy~jlwk� <���akw)��[cX jrx�w*ªF�H_by §�t_hf <��tadw�Z�bDfhp��>_�jlakjle\_hp�_ ��y�w aR���hjlqrjmakp�a%e�ghU

<��tadw{��[

Page 15: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� � ���[�� T5Q}��� X ��� X �����/� X �*X � � Y�� T?Q��S�jHwk���.����_����ta�aR��c�US§��c�jl_��®e\c���p�qrqla�e�ghU�i�e\c ad���ta�aR�ta¤_ ���u\cd� iN§��_hf>� cdp�wdghqmaR�ta¤e\� f�p

f��8_>���.jrw�i���w��8w akp*�.p*_ �% ^%Z�`O\ 7 Z�^ Z 4 Z�`IbF� " 7 � �bDfhp � p*w aR� wdx�cdghu\_h�"ghc)f�p*_qrjmyt��ibakjru\�%�®e\c�wdi�_hjr_�u.w�e\�]Uh��c��Np�fhcdjmy~jmakw x����f�p�adak�ve\��c\���fhp�fhpWw�p*_>��w akpWfhp<g*p*_�jrp*c�_>��[S�j�U>��c�w�p�a�aW�tada ��§e\c y8jrw�wk�¤yL§��cdf�p*_+x¬�� 7 Uh��c w �~w akp���pzaWp*_�tadadck��ibadjly,�����`xhg�_hiba�bL��§e\c��_hf�ck�yL§��c�fhp*_ �ta�akck�ti�adjlyt�x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i���>��_�e\c���y US§e\u\c�p xNp�cdjle~f�b e�ghU ��§e\c���adadp*c�qrjru\��cdp��_hf�ck�#y�§�tcdfhp�_�j¦�ti�a�aR��c�y8j¬p�a�a)�.p*cWite\��x�qrj�g�p*cd�ta�b?akjrqlqFw �~_�p*w�i���e�adjrw�i�a���§e�cdqre�xhx�[0��pza�§�tc�?p�y8jrwd�ta��ta�a���§e\c)yt��cve�ghU p*_ ��y��®gh_hibadjre\_hp�cd_>� j fhp*_ ibyt��fhck��akjrw�i��������.jrq  �p�_�bSf�y8w*[ ��§e\cyt��c® �p�x>�tck���.p�adp*c�yL§��c�fhp�� " 7 � �b0�>_�_hw'f�p�a'p*_ ��adakcd��Uhp�ck��_hf�p��"§��_hu\f�� w�e\�o�taa�akcd��Uhp�ck��c�_S§�tw�aR�t_¤��qlq¦� w aR��c adyL§��c�fhp*_�[-^$usp*u�cdp*x�xNpza &��ta�akck� Uhp*cd��c _S§��w aR��_.��qlq¦� w aR��c adyL§��c�fhp*_ &U>��c ����ibadjrwdiba�p�_"xhc�p6g*jlw ake\qli8_�jr_huhª�S�§��q¡  pzada Z+� w�qrgh�.xby8jrw���p�f,qrjrib�®e\c���jlu)wd��_h_he\qljri�Uhpzakw����§e\c�fhp*ql_hjr_hu#j � �f�*Z � [S����#ite\���.p*c Z+�*ª©w%�>��_>�,�ta�aW��p�fwd��_h_he�qrjri�UhpzavZ.i�e\_by\p�cdu\p�ck����e�a� [ `%��p*_h_h�+�tadadck��ibake�c'i���_ yt��cd�"p*_ ���~xhg�_hibavp*qlqrp*c'p*_ x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i+�>��_>�fbD�.p*_ e�gRi�w8��_����u�e�a{��p�cHite\��x�qrj�g�p*cd�ta�wde\� p�_ w*[ i5[ �t_�ade\cd�"§��_hu�f�^®p*_"a`�8x ��y,�®ck�ti�ak��q�` p�qrqrp�c a�[ eh[ ��[�?p*w�a�����1yeUhp*qr��jr_bakp�c�yt��qrq»[8��p�a�wdjlw�ad_S§���._hf>�)����qlqrp�a �?p�a`�8fhp*cH��qlqlakw���)�ta�a a`�8xhjrw�it�vw aR��c adyL§��c��fhp�_�i�e����.p*c��ta�a.jrcdcd�+cdgh_ba.wb��!y ��tqrfhwd���)a�gh_hf�p*c.jlakp�ck�tadjre\_ ��ada.fhp*cd��w��>��_>�+akjlqrq w�qrg�aakp�_hfhp�ck��c'�tadaW�³�8qrqr�#g�a U�p*q¦�,fhp�qrjr_badp*c�yt��qlq���y � ���Z � [�S j¬uS���cWjr_bakp�_ §�tcd����cdp�jr_x¬���fhp*w�wk��.p*c i�e���xhqlj�g�p*ck�tfhp ����qlq [S�jsu5§e\c���§e\q¡ d��_hfhp�p��~xNp�cdjr�.p*_ba���§e\c��ta�a�wdp U�ghc.�tadadck��ibade\cd_ wdp�c�g�av��§e\cve\qljri���yL§��cdf�p*_x��� 7 ªD� §e\c<b0w1§��ufbF|t�\��e�qrjri���yL§��cdf�p*_ x��� 7 jlakp�cdp�ck��c�y8j¬p�ada'e�ghU�wk�t������w aR��c adyL§��c�fhp�Z+�>bp�a�a�w�ade\c�a��t_�ak��q u0��t_hu\p*c�[�S j xhqretadaR�tc'w�p*f>��_ �>��_h��_ ��eta 7 bBf�y8w*[ §e�y�p*c�yt��c³ �p 7 wdp�cvy~jfhp�xhg�_hibakp*c w�e\��Z+���?p*w�§e\i�p�c{g�_hfhp*c jmakp�ck�tadjre\_���p�f �! [>�#��%y~jLp*_hf>�tw�a'§��c jl_bakcdp�wdw�p*ck�tfhp��y"f�p�a��tw��8��x~ake�adjrwdi��.�Npzakp*p�_hfhpza�g�akp�q`§���._>��c y8jFf�pibLw�§��ubN�\�\����§e\cdw aR�¤xhg�_hibakp*c�_>�¤�®c���t_yt��c® �p �>��_>�ve�ghU�x�qre�a�aR��c fhp%�\�\�)_0§��w�a���§e\q  d��_�fhp�b~f¬����>��_>�t_�i���_�a1§��_hi���w c�§e\ck��w�jruv�)��gRi�pza_ §��cd�'��adakcd��ibake\c�_�[b��pza y8j>w�p*c6b�j5�Fjlu\ghc Z1�b §��c�U�ghcs��adakcd��ibake\c�_�� �Np�cde\c ��y 7 [�« �³akp*c�wde\�yt��cse�ghU�p�_,�1y��ta�akcd��ibake\c�p*cd_h�� �tadadck��U�p*ck�tc _S§�tw�aR�t_#��qrqr�yZ�b8�����c¬y~jNwk���.���%g�adwdp�p*_hfhp�jxhc�jr_g�jrx�e\�?p*c�e~p�_hfhp���y.yt��qrpza ��y(Z+�1[�« ada wb���f>��_ba US§��c fhj¦�tu\ck��� i���qlq¦��w p�a�a 06E KFH�d���D$E�B1Cf�I�fhjr��u\ck�t��[S�j wdp�c�a`�8fhqrjlu�a'�tada'� §e\c 7 " 7 �=\ � §��c)�tadadck��ibade\cd_ p�_ �����`xhg�_hiba�[ � §e\c 7 �O\ � "7 " 7 � � �fv ����wdp*c{y8jBp�_ �ta�akck�ti�adjly�|>��g��8itp*q�b5yt��cdx������§e\q¡ �p*c�p*_"� ��gz�~itp*qDeghU�p*_+¨/��g��8itp*q [] w³ �§��qlyt��y\p�cdi�pza��>_h_�wHfhpza p�_�yL§������_hf�p'��§e\q¡ �f , 7 � . �� � � w\���f>��_��tada �% U>��c�p*_"�tadadck��ibadjly| � ��gz�~itp*qs��§e�c 7 �/���6" 7 " 7 ��[F� §e\q  �f�p*_ 7 �¤ite\_by\p�cdu\p�ck��cv�.e�a'p�ada 7 � _���tu\e�a'��jl_hfhcdp§��_���[©��[5� §e\c 7 \ 7 � y\pza ����_��ta�a{y8j�U>��c�p�_"�ta�akcd��ibake\c���y ��_bake�c���a`�8x�b §��y\p*_"e\� fhpzajr_badp)u0���cH�ta�a�wdp)jB�>u\g�cdp*_L[�n"�t_+w1§��u\p�c��ta�a��ta�akcd��ibake\c�_"u\p�_he\�.u����c{p*_ e5§�t_hfhqrjlu.��§e�q  �f ��y��GIHKE�B6P 5B1HaP�F 0 06JLE�C�MR��H?_S§��c 7 yL§���~p*cDghxhxWakjlqrq 7 ��[¶� §e\c 7 � 7 � wdp�cSy8j�p*_%�.p*cSi�e\�.xhqlj�g*p�ck��f�hjlqrf�[�S�jL��§e\c�w�ade\ck��c g�xhx,p�ada{e\�.c���tfhp�i�cdjl_hu 7 ���fv}¨\�x^»�Fjlu\ghc�Z\Z `�[S�jSw�p*c�p�_+�tadadck��ibadjly��1� g��8i�p�qBw�e\� u\p*_he���u���tc{x?p*c�jre8f���§e\c�fhgh�h�hqljr_hu\��c*[ �� akp*c�jru\p�_��>_�_hwp*_��§e\q  �f , 7 ��. �� � � wb���fh��_ �ta�a �! U>�tc'p�_ �ta�akck�ti�adjly!��8| � � g��8i�p�q ��§e\c 7 �/���&" 7 " 7 ��[��p*_�_>� ��§e\q  �f�ite\_by\p�cdu\p�ck��cS�.e�a0p�a�aSu\c1§�t_hw�yL§��c�fhp � �fv©¨b� ¢ ��§e\cLy8jlqri�pza0y8j�U>��c�p�_'_b�� �t_�ade\c���ta�akck�ti�ade\c*[�����wdp*c y\p�ck���ta�a�y��tc{e�ghU"p�_ ��y,fhpWakc�p'u\c�p*_>�tcd_>�vjSfhp�a�aR�v� §e\_hw akp*c{qrjli�_>��c fhpzaghc�wdxhc�gh_hu\qljrub�)f�j¦��u\cd���.��pzasj0w�jr_ Uhp*qrUhp�a*[

Page 16: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� � �

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4

� ���q��� ����� � a�akcd��ibake\c�_ � wde\� �®gh_hibakjle\_��1y 7 [

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

3.81 3.82 3.83 3.84 3.85 3.86 3.87 3.88 3.89

� ���q��� �4��� «�a�a{�1�`x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�ibas� §e\_hw akp�c*[« ada)x>��ck�t��pzakp*c�jr_bakp�c�yt��qlq�fS§��c �% u\p�_he\�.uS���c%xNp�cdjre8f���§e\c�fhgh�h��qrjr_�ub��c �®c\���_ p*_ �.jr_�w�aR�

x?p*cdjle~f �+akjlqrqSp*_ ��_bade\c��`�tadadck��ibake�cO^®p*_ & � �| � �`x?p*cdjle~f�jrwdi��tadadck��ibake�c &�`�i���qlq¦��w{p�a�a�^ �f�` ��GIHKE�B6P�E��hd1D 5B1Cf�ID�GIH�[���pza �>_h_�w���jl_hw�aHp�a�a���p�_3US§e\u\w a�p�a�a.§��_hf�qrjruta �t_�ak��q���`x?p*cdjle~f�jrwdi����§e\_hw akp�c���§e�csyt��c® �pWx?e\wdjmakjly�a*Uhp*qmaR��q ��[fS�j�U>�tc akjla�aR�tasx ���|/����§e\_�w�akc�p�a e�ghU�p�adaH�1� ��§e\_hw akp*c�[] w® �§��qmy��)y�p*c�i�p�aH�>_h_hw�fhpza{xNp�cdjre8fhjlwdi��'��§e\_hw akp�c%§e�y\p�ck��qlqla j0�hjm�®ghcdi��tadjre\_�wdfhjr��u\ck�t���.p�a*ª

Page 17: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� � ����f./4 3 ?�� 5��C�MRP�GIC � 3���J�JN� ��GIHKE�B6P�E��hd��� 5B1Cf�ID�GIH 5��H�a1§�ta E �f��H���~iGID�GIHKE�C�D GIH 31��J�J�GID � �f�k� � Q��p�a��Npza`�~f�p*c��tada�yt��c³ �p#jr_bakp�c�yt��qlq���� ^��f�k� � �1y x>��ck�t��pzakp*c yL§��cdfhp�_�bqU�ghcvqljlakpzavfhpza

§��_ §�tc6b5jr_h_�p6U����qlqrp�c x>��ck�t��pzakp*c y §��cdfhp�_ wde�� U §e\c{adjrqlq0p�ada xNp�cdjle~fhjlwdiba�� §e\_hw akp*c�[-S �tc fhg p�_� e8e\����c jr_#jLf�j¦��u\cd���.��pzaVU�jladak��csf�g#xNp�cdjre8fhjlwdi��%��§e\_�w�akp�c wde���§��c _�p*cdw�i���q¦��f�p y\p�cdwdjle\_hp�c��y9Uhp�q¦��fhjr��u\cd�����.p�a )5« �³akp*c�wde\� fhp�aW�h��ck�¤�>_�_hw.§��_hfhqljru�aH����_hub����y�y��tc® �p�x?p*c�jre8f�bNwb��U>��c f�egRi#�tqrq¦�%��§e\_hw�adp*c�g�ade\� pzada�����taR�tqLp*_��)��gRi�pzaAU0§e\u�xNp�cdjre8f�[n�p�_ akc�e�akw.�ta�a.� §��_�u\fhp*_ ��y�&�x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i�� &'xh��ck���.p�adp*c y�§�tcdfhp�_ §��c�p�_�j fhp�_h_>��.pI�

_hjl_hu�a¶§�ta�� §��_�u\f+��y jl_�adp*c y��tqrq�b>yt��c a�eghU!pzadaW�?p*u\c�§��_hwk�tfhp)akjlqrq:US§e\u\p�c���y pzada�& ��_bake\c�& �x>��cd���.p�akp�c�yL§��c�fhp�b��h_h_hw¬fhp�aH§�t_hf����xhq¦��akw ibyt��c¬x����x>��cd����pzakp�cdjr_badp*c�yt��qlqrpzaD��§e�c¬�tadadck��ibake�cdp*c��y#jr_badp*c�yt��qlqN� a`�~xL[���f./4 ��? 6 ~ 3>E 3 5��J ��GIH�f��Ha��~iGID�GIHIC 7 �IJLF�~ � 3>E��Y~iG�P JLE�d,�B1HI~=ENMA�6��C�C�B1JLE�d���GID��1 5B1H�P�GIJLC�E�C�MF�H �f��H���~iGID�GIHKE�C�D GIH 31��J�J�GID ^��f�k� ��� �f��H 3>E�GIC ��B>�IE�D$E�3 �6��C�C�B1JLE�d���GID ��D$D ��C�C-�xGID$D 7 � ��RPR��C�D��D$D � 5��HOGIC9E�C�D�GIH 31��J�JL����D$D$H��1d1D�B1Hn"��_Wi���_�y8jrwd���tada 7 \ �'§��c�p�a�aSwb���fh��_baSx>��ck�t��pzakp*c yL§��cdfhp b*e�ghUWe\� ����_��?p*u\c�§��_hwd��c0wdjlu

akjlqrq?�ta�a wdqlgh��xh�)g�a x>�tck���.p�adp*c�yL§��c�fhp*_#_0§��ck���=U>�tc �¤�t_�p*_ US§e\uvwd��_h_he�qrjri�Uhpza �ta�a akc�§� WL�x����p*_'jr_bakp�c�yt��qrq � �ta�akcd��ibake\c�[���pzadak���?p�adck��ibak��wBw�e\� pzadaF�1y�fhp y8jli�adjrub�tw�akp�c�p*w�ghqlak�takp�_'jl_he\�akp�e\cdjl_)��§e\c f~�~_h����jlwdi�� w �~w akp���[b��p�wdwd�Wjl_bakp*c yt��q���adakcd��ibake\c�p*c�§�tc ��w�wde�g*jrp�ck��f�p ��p�f�yt��fvy~ji���qrqr��c d���B1D$E��hdvf~�~_h����jli+b\wde\� y8j>wb���u'p��~p*�.xNp�q>x ��%j>p��~xNp�cdjr�.p*_badp�a ��p�f � � j>it�txhjladp*q5|~[]`_��®e\c���p�qrqma%ak��q¦��a�i���qrqr��cW�¤�t_ p�ada�f��8_>���.jrwdibavw �8w�akp�� i���e�adjrwdiba)e\� w����� w�i�jrqrql_>��fhp�c'jjr_�jlakjr��qlyL§��c�fhp*_+yL§���~p*cvw�_>���h�~a�gh_hfhp�c�jladp*ck��akjre�_�[D��p�av�?p�a`�8fhp�c��tada)��jl_hw�ak�"e\w1§�ti�p*caUhp�a�jw�ak��c�a�yL§��cdfhpza�u5§e\c �tada�fhp�a���qrjrc��®ghqlqri�e���qljru�a e�� §ez �qljru�a{��ada���§e\c�g�akw�§��ub�¤�h��_>��_ jBfhp�aWq����_hub�qre�xhxNpza�[Yu p�a¶§�t_hi��tada#y�p*c�i8qljrub� �®p�_he\�.p*_ ��qrqmakjrf §��c,�Np<US§�t�³ak��fhp!��p�f�� §�ta��®p*q (se\� f�p*_cdp�qlyt��_baR�,�.e~fhp�qrqlp*_+f���§��cWp�a�a)i���e�adjrw�i�a%w �8adp*� U>��c�y8j¬fhp*_� §�tcdi�qrjlub��wdjmakg>�tadjre\_�p*_�tada����w a���e8fhp*qlqrp�_ §��c=Uhp�qlavf�p�akp�cd�.jr_hjlw�adjrwdi+bDi�e\�.�.p*c��?p�adp*p*_�fhp�a��ta�avwdp Uhp�qlavw�qrgh�.x>��c aR�tag�a*[ n"��_ ak��q¦�tc�e\� P�GID�GIHI~=E�C�E��ID$E��hd1D d���B>�z[ <��tadw#� w1§��u�p*c#��qlqladwt�����ada�f�p�akp�cd�.jr_hjlw�adjrwdibai���e\w�§��cvpzadav�®p�_he\�.p*_ �tada�c1§��i�_>�+�.p*f�b _¬���u\e�a�y8j �.p*f w�ade\cvwk�t_h_he\qljri�Uhp�a�w�a¶§etakp*cvx���!jy ���ck���.e~fhp�qrqlp*c ��y#y\p�cdi�qrjlu�Uhpzakp*_L[5��p%w y\p�_hwdi��¤���takp��¤��akjritp*c�_>��"0p*_h_>�tc�a ��cdqlp*wde�_�e�ghUn�jrghU>��p*q-usp�_hp*f�j�gRi�w6b�y\p�cdi�wk���.��� US§��c�y8jrf�£ X ( b�U>��c u\pzada ��y~u>§e\ck��_�fhpH��jrfhcd��u�akjrq>f�p�adak�e\�.c����f�p�[

<~qlg�akqljru\p�_.w�i��)w1§��u\��w �ta�asf�p�a w�e\� US§��cswd��u�adwse\� �����.jrq¡ �p*_ , �! .Wu>§��qrqlp*c¬p*_�w ake\c i�q¦��w�w��y#p*_��`x>��cd���.p�akp�c������.jrq¡ �p*c ��y��®gh_hibadjre\_hp�c6bhf�p�a'§��c jl_�adp�_ ���u\eta�wdx?p6g*jlp*qlqlaB �ghw a ��§e\c , �% .�[

¢ [� ��� � Y T���P��0T+� X �����BQS�j ��y~w�qrg�ak��c�fhpzadak� ite\�.xNp�_hfhjrg�� �.p*f p�_ ite\c�a,jl_bakcde8fhghibadjre\_ akjrqlq�jlakp�ck�tadjre\_ ��p�fibyt��fhck��akjrw�i���x?e\ql�8_he\� jDfhpza�i�e���xhqlpz���.ak��qrx�q¦��_hpza�b>�.p*f w ���³akpv�ta�aH��§e�cdi�q¦��cd�.g�xhxhi�e���w �akp�_��1y¤fhp�w�[©i5[?¥�ghqlj¦���"§��_hu\f�p*cd_h�%e�ghU,fhp*_,w*[ i5[5n"��_�fhp*ql�hcde�ad� §�t_hu\fhp�_�[���p�wdwd��jl_bakcdjli��taR�u\p�e\��pzakc�jrwdi��ve\�8 �p�iba U>��c{fhp%wdp�_>��w�adp+���c�p*_�u §��cd_h����_by §��_bakwHwde\� jli�e\_,� §e\c{�¤�tadp*���takjli�j��qlqr�"§��_Uhpzase�ghU $�i���e\w �®e\cdw�i8_�jr_hu'& j0w��8_h_�p*c�U�p�a�b5e��³ak��g�aR�t_�_¬���u\e\_,_S§��c��¤�tcdp���§e\c�i8qr��cdjl_huh[S�jL�Npzakck�ti�ak��c x?e\ql�8_he\� ��y��®e\c���p�_

�� ^5��` \ � � {�

Page 18: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� � �fS§��c ,§�tc�p*_}^�i�e���xhqlpz�` x>��cd���.p�akp�c*[�����wdp*c y\p�ck�"��adaWe\�?p*c�e~p�_hfhp���y ,§��c%� \ ��x?e\ql�R�_he\�.p�adw i�cdjmakjlwdi��.x�gh_hiba�^�f�p*cdjmyt�taR��_�wH_he�qrqrw a¶§��qlqrp�`Ib�e�ghU+�ta�a �§��cH�®g�_hibakjre�_hw�yL§��c�fhp�aHjBf�p*_i�cdjmakjrw�i���xhgh_hibakp�_�b �� ^��R`7\ ¶[#"{��ta�e\w�w{w aR��c aR�v�.p*f,p�a�aHp��~p*�.xNp�q [S�jNaR��c \ 4'Z%eghU�xhc�§e�yt��c p�a�a{x>��c e\qljri��)w�ak��c�a�yL§��cdfhp�_�[

Z �����4 > Z � 4 ZA\ � �����4 > � � 4 Z�\ 4'Z �����4 > ^ 4%Z/` � 4 Z�\ � �����4 > 4%Z v�v�v� �����4 >�� � 4 Z�\ 4 | �����4 > ^ 4�|�` � 4 Z�\ � �����4 > ¨ �����4 > ��� v�v�v

]�akp�ck�tadp*_¤�1y,Z�����qlqrp*cFp��³akp�c pzada w�adp*u'jr_.j>p*_¤x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i gz�~itp*q;b8�.p*fh��_�� ���� ^��`��� > @ _S§�tc� > @ [

¢ [mZ\[�� 0:#$' �# ���,:2-!�"�&�? � §e\c yt��c® �pWx?e\ql�8_he\� �� y8jlqrqLy8jDwdi�jrq¡ d��g~a fhpza w aR��c ady §��c�fhp*_�wde\�����cdwaghUhp*cd��c��.e�a e>§��_hfhqljru�Uhpzakp�_��®c\��t_+fhp�wde�� U����qlqrp�c{w�jru#jl_he\� p�a�a��Np�u\c1§�t_hwk�ta e\�.c����fhp��y� [�S�j0fhpz�>_hjlp*ck�tc/x"+*q,:'%.>'$�-,���?�� � bsfhp*_�K� J�JNPR����FJLE$��~ 5��C�MRP�GIC akjlqrq�xNe�ql�8_he\�.p�a �� b �?p*w a8���c,��y���qlq¦�i�e���xhqlpz����aR��q(�.wb���f>��_>���ta�a�� �� ^5�R`��~jl_bakp�u0���c �.e�a e>§��_hfhqljru�Uhpzakp�_#_S§��cY� > @ ª

� � \�� � �� ª qrjr������ � �� ^3�R`���\ @�� v�Hy¤y ��tc�a{pz�~p*�.x?p*q0e1yt��_�w�p*c�y8jS�tadaWZ � � ���seghU��tada�� �� � ���R[5��p�a)§��c q`§��ada{�ta�a�jr_hw�p

�ta�aWe\� � U>��c�p�_x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i��h��_>�#wb��#qrjlu\u\p�c�fhp*_�.p*f!_S§e\f�yL§��_�fhjru�U�p�aWj � � b�eghUe\��>��_h��_ §�tc ��adakcd��ibakjmy)ite\���.p*c §��y\p*_¤��qrqr��xhgh_hibadp*c wde\� ��adakcd��Uhp�ck��w ��yv�>��_h�'�ta�a¬akjrqlq�U §e�ck�� � [S�j¬i���_ j¬xhc�jr_g�jrxxhqretadaR� � � u\p*_he�� ��ada'jlakp�cdp�ck�#y��tc® �p.�hjrqlfhxhgh_hiba'j¬fhp�a)i�e\�.xhqrp����xhqr��_hp�a��.p*f � b>eghU,w y�§�tc�aR��fhpWxhgh_�i�adp*c�wde�� a`��gRi8wTU>��p*_��Np�u\c1§�t_hwk��f,�>�t_>��[� ��C-P�GIC�� � akjlqrqFp�_�� §��_hu\f � �Np�w�ab���c%�1y!f�p.x�gh_hibakp�c � w�e\� §��c�wb��tf>��_>���tada�yt��c³ �pqrjmakp�_ g�jrc�i�p*qSi�cdjl_hue��jl_h_hp<U¬���qrqlp*c �¬���fhp%xhgh_hibakp�c w�e\� qrjru�u\p*c j � eghU�xhgh_hibadp*c w�e\� jr_badpqrjlu\u\p�c�j �)[D� §e\c�& wd_S§��qlq¦� &{�"§��_hu\fhp�c�§��c'cd��_hfhp�_�fhp�_�i�ghc y���wde\�o��y8u\c�§��_hwk�tc'�"§��_hu\f�p*_�[S�j0i���_,_�g�fhp��>_�jrp*cd�.¥�ghqrjr��� §�t_hu\fhp�_¤akjlqrq �� [/x"+*q,:'%.>'$�-,���? � � b ��FJLE$��~ 5��C�MRP�GICvadjrqrq �� b0§��c ck��_�fhp*_,akjlqrq � � ª

� � \!� � � v¥�ghqlj¦���"§��_hu\f�p*_,�Np�w�a����c���qlqlakwt��¤��y�fhp�i�e���xhqlpz����ak��qBw�e\� g�aku5§e�c u\c�§��_hwdqr��_hfhpza��.p*qlq¦��_

xhgh_�i�adp*c'��p�f��?p*u\c §��_hwk�tf�cdp�xhwdp�ibakjly�p�e\�?p*u\c §��_hwd��f�h��_>��[S]W�Fjlu\ghcvZ¶|,wdp*c%y8j p���p���x?p*qx���.¥�ghqlj¦���"§��_hu\f�p*c*[])c�p*u\p�q%§��c�¥�ghqrjr���"§��_hu\fhp�c)ite\��x�qrj�g�p*cd��fhp#�"§��_hu\fhp�c6b f�p §��c�w�[©i5[ KHa�1d1D ��J�GIH<Qs« ada.gh_��

f>��_bak��u!u\p*w.��y �R�>b�¥�ghqrjr��� §�t_hu\fhp�_akjlqrq �1^3�R`i\ � � [ «��³adp*c�wde\� � � � �q\ ����� � w�p*c��¤�t_�ta�a

� �� ^3�R`�� j"k "l > �f� � > @p� e�� ��� � " Z (\=Z ��§e\c���qrqr� � z�� e�� ��� ��\=Z (> @p� � > @p� e�� ��� � � Z\[

Page 19: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� � �

� ���q����� ��� ¥�ghqrjr��� §�t_hu\fhp�cd_>� � � ��p�fw^®�®c���t_�y�§�t_hw�adp*ch` � �v | ¢ {,�v}��Z ��b �� 4H�fvmZ\ZT{��fv}����� eghU �� 4H�fv ¢ � { �vlZ\Z �d[�usjlqrfhp�cd_>�!§��cyUS§�t�)aR��f!ghc�� � � [

� �#§��c%��qrqmakw���#p�_Uhp�adwdw�i8jmyt��_ , ��� � ����� � Z .#e�ghU �R��§��c'f�p*wdw)ck��_hfp*_fUhp�adw�g*jlcditp*qr_Lª�R�A\ , ���� � � ���f\ Z .�[N��p�a jr_hc�p)��y � ��bNf�y8w*[ � � � ���>b §��c �tadadck��ibadjre\_hw�e\�.c����fhpza akjlqrq���~xhgh_�i�adp*_ � \ �~[� §e\q¡ d��_hfhp�p�u\p*_�wdi���x?p*c6b?wde�� u>§��qrqlp*c���qlq¦�.¥�ghqrjr���"§��_hu\fhp�c � � bB§��c{jr_bakp%wb���w�y ���ck�¤�tada�y\pK�

cdjm�>p*cd�)��§e\c wdx?p6g�j¦��qm����qrqlp�a��R��ª� ¥�g�qrj¦�t� §��_�u\fhp*_ §��c��®ghqrqlw�a¶§�t_hfhjruta�jr_byt��c�j¦��_ba�ª �� ^ � � ` \ � � \ ���� ^ � � `Ib0p�qrqlp*cW��_�_�e\cdqlgh_hf>��g�a�akc �gRiba6b � ��� � e\� e�ghU,p*_hfh��w�a{e\� � ^5��` ��� � [

� �Hqrqr�.c�p*x?p*qrqlp*cd��_hfhp%xNp�cdjle~fhjlwdi����>��_he\c{qrjlu\u\p�c{j � � [�n"��_ i���_"egRi�wb��.y~jlwk����ada�f�pc�p*x?p*qlqrp*cd��_hfhp,x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�it� �h��_he\c�_>��§�tc D 5��D���j � � [¬��p�a��Npza`�8fhp*c��tada � � �Np�w�a���tcx�cdp6g�jrw �1y�fhp)cdp*x?p*qlqrp�ck��_hf�p%x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i��.xhg�_hibakp*c�_>�¤wd���)a�f�p)xhgh_�i�adp*c�w�e\� i���_�z��tw wde\� u�c1§��_hw yL§��cdfhp�_"��y#f�p*wdwd��[

� � �8_>�t��jli�p*_,x��� � � §��c i���e�adjrwdi+bhj0f�p*_���p�_hjr_hu�p*_��tada{��y8w�a����_hfhpza �.p*qlq¦��_¤_S§��cd�?pI�q�§��u\_>��x�gh_hibakp�c�yL§���~p�c{w�_>���h�~aHg�_hfhp*c�jmakp*cd�takjle\_�[

� §e\c �R� it�t_"fhpza w�jrw�ak��x���tw�ab��tp*_hfhpza�jl_hwdp�wHx������§e\q  d�t_hfhpWw1§�ta�a�ª �R��§��c�g�jrc�i�p*ql_��.p*f�ck��f�jrp�Ze�ghU��.p*fhp�qrxhg�_hiba�j�e\cdjlu\eb~w\��ve\� � ���R� §��c

�O\�� �����

��§e\c _���tu\e�a������#" Zi^�x?e\q`§��c �®e\cd� ��y �.e�� ����� \ Z\[ ` � �8_>�t��jli�p*_,x��� �R�{u\p�wH��y� ����� 4 > � ���

�� � ���

�� \� ���

�� � �

wb��+�tcdu\gh�.p*_badp�a�����§e�cdfhgh���hq¦��w'eghU fhpzav�?p�a`�8fhp*c���ada���y8w�a����_hfhpza�q`§��_hu�w)p*_fUhp�adw���g�jrc�i�p*ql_�.p*qrqr��_¤a�yF��v_S§�tcdqrjlu\ub��_�fhp xhg�_hibakp*c ��§e\c�fhgh�h��q¦��w j�pzada{jladp*cd�takjle\_hwdw akp�uh[¢ [}|~[ -���,:!:"�# ��&/��.� ���,�2-!:"�,�? ��§��c y8j w akghf�p*ck�tc%��jrqrf�p*c���y+¥�ghqrjr��� §�t_hu\fhp�cHw�p*c�y8j¬�taday8jrw�wk�¤a`��gRi�w�y��tck�¤p�_+wk���.�¤�t_US§��_hu\��_hfhp%� §�t_hu\f�b?��p�f+��_hf�ck������qlqrp�c{w�§e\_hfhp�c�jFpzada�etaR��qwd����fhp�q¦��c�[ ��p*_ i�cdjmakjrw�i���xhgh_hibadp*_hw§e\f�p+��y~u>§e\c¤y8jrqli�p�a#�1y ����qlqrp*_ wde\� jr_badc1§� WL��c*[ � §e\cibyt��fhck��akjrw�i��)xNe�ql�8_he\� b�wde\� p*_hf>�tw�a U>��c p*_,i�cdjmakjrw�i�xhgh_hiba�b~y~jlwk��csfhp�a w�jruv��ada fhpza��>��cd��>_h_�w�a�y ��.�"§ez �qrjlu�Uhpzakp*c�[8� §e\q  d�t_hfhp�wd�takw��?p*wdi�c�jly\p�c�wdjladg>�tadjre\_hp�_�ª

Page 20: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� � ����f./4 ��?�� 5B1HYd�31�RP�Ha��D$E��hd�� ��B1JL� C�B1~ � ~iG�P ��F�JLE$��~ 5��C�MRP � � B ��� K� J�JNP ��F�JLE$��~ 5��C�MRP � �M 5��J�J�GIH ��D$D^»�R` � � 5��HO�6��~=~���C � 5��C�MR��C-P�G�� ' � � � � P 36�6QVE�D�GIH���DA� 3 P�GIC d1HKE�D$E��hd�� �-FCfd1D�GIC

5��H 0IG�M�H 5��Cf�6�RP�G6Q^��+` � � 5��H D B1D���JLDTB>�6��~=~���C � 5��C�MR��C-P�G���' �� � � � P 36�{qljr� ��� � � �� ^ <`�� \ @ QXDe�aR��qmase�wk���.�¤�t_US§��_hu\��_hfhp{�Npza`�8fhp*c��ta�a jr_�ub�'adyB���xhg�_hibakp*c jN� §�t_hu\fhp�_�i���_���§e\cd��jr_�f>��w'��p�f p*_�i8g�c�yt� g�aR�t_ �ta�a�q`§�t��_>�,�"§��_hu\fhp�_�[ "0jribyL§��q¬it�t_ �¤�t_y8jrwd� �tada'jr_�u\p*_ ��yxhgh_�i�adp*c�_>��jBp�_!¥�ghqlj¦��� §��_hu\f,qljru\u\p�c�jrwde�qrp*cd�ta�ªhyt��c³ �p'u�e~f�a`��gRi�qrjlu�aHqrjladp*_ g*jlcdi�p�qBi�c�jr_hu�p�_xhgh_�i�a ������� � i�e\�.��p�c �ta�a�jr_h_hp<U����qlq¦����_�fhck�vxhgh_�i�adp*c�j � � [@=B1~=~iGIC�D���HKQ ��p*_h_>�!wk��akw¤�?p�y8jlwk��fhp�w¤��y fhp,�®ck�t_hwdi�����tadp*���takjli�p*c�_>�!�W��w�ade\_ ¥�g�qrj¦�e�ghU,�¬jlp*c�cdpW�5�take�g¤��§e\csi�_>�txhx�a U�gh_hfhcd����csw�p*f>��_�b>��qrqmakw���)qd���_�u�asjl_h_>��_#f�p�a ����_�_hw _����u\e�_�"§ez �qrjlu�Uhp�aD��adaDy~jlwdg>�tqrjrw�p*cd�{fhp�wdwd��� §��_�u\fhp*cD�.p*f)fh�take\c�_hwcU¶ �§��qrx�[¶� a�a¬¥�ghqlj¦� U>��cS����tadaBqk���_h�g�a'wdjmadaW_>���._!akjrqlq¬¥�ghqlj¦���"§��_hu\f�p*cd_h�iU>��c�y8j¬cdp*fh��_�w�p�ada*[D� §e\cWc1§�ta�ady8jrwd��_hwWwdi�ghqlq��hcdg�it�tci�e���xhqlp*�.p*_bakpza akjlqrq8fhp*_��³�8qrqlf>��¥�ghqlj¦��� §��_hu\f�p*_�b¶fhp�xhgh_�i�adp*c¬wde�� U>��c�e��Np�u\c §��_�wk��fv�>�t_>�gh_hf�p*c�jladp*ck��akjre�_�b���ada�i���qrqr��w ��§e�c��?��ake\gh�"§��_hu�fhp*_�[S�jLfhp��>_�jrp*cd��c _�g n���_hfhp�qr�hc�e�ak� §��_hu\f�p*_/x"+*q,:'%.>'$�-,���? n"��_hf�p*qr��cde�ad� §��_�u\fhp*_�� §��c f�p*_+fhp�qr�"§��_hu\f"�1y�x>��cd���.p�akp�cdxhqr��_hpza wde�� u\p*w{��y

� \ , ��� � � � §��c wd���.�¤��_fUS§��_hub�t_hfhp .�v@=B1~=~iGIC�D���HLQSn"��_hf�p*qr��cde�ad� §��_�u\fhp*_)jhwdjl_�akghc{§��cFghxhxhi���qlq¦��f'p��³akp�c�usp*_�e\jla n���_hfhp�qr�hc�e�a�bp*_��Np�qru\jlwdi�� �t��p�cdjri���_�wdi%�¤�tadp*���takjli�p�c wde\� gh_�fhp*c{Z1�\�\�/��aR�tqrp�aFy��tc p�_���y�fhp���§e\cdw aR�%wde\�w�adghfhp�ck��fhpWfhp�_h_>��� §�t_hu\f#�.p*f�f>�take�cd_hwYU� �§�tqrx�[���hwdp�c�y�p*ck���tadaWy8j¬_�g�q¦�t�Ne\c�p*cd��c���p�fa�yF���ite\��x�qrpz���,xhq¦�t_�b�p�a�a)xh��ck���.p�adp*c�xhq¦��_ �e�ghU�pzada�f��8_>���.jrw�iba�xhq¦��_ ^³����wdc�gh�i` b[

� � §e\c#y��tc® �p �� � U>�tc,y8j�pzada�f��8_>���.jrwdiba,w �~w akp�� � ª � 4 > ��b ��p�fadjrqlq�US§e\cd��_hfhp ¥�ghqlj¦���"§��_hu\f � � � ��[

� � � � §��c)fhp�x>��cd����pzakcd��c .w�e\�ou\p*c'p*_ y8jrw�w'a`�8x ��y�f~�~_h����jlwdi��,w��8w�adp*� b_0§����qljru\p�_�w\��tf>��_>�v�.p*f,wk���.����_US§��_�ub��_hfhp�¥�ghqrjr��� §�t_hu\f � � [XB��gRi yt��cdp <���akw.�i���_ y8j j xhcdjl_g*jlx cdjmaR� � u�p*_he\� �tadav��§e\c�yt��c³ �p,�hjrqlfhxhgh_hiba �j

x>��cd���.p�akp�cdxhqr��_hpza�jmakp�cdp*cd�fhp�_ i�cdjmakjrw�i��xhg�_hibakp*_����p�f �� b e�ghU���§��cdu\� ,w�yt��c a�e\���§e\q¡ �fhp*_,��y#jmakp*cd�ta%§��c �?p*u�c1§��_hwd��f�[5­�p*w�ghqlak�takpza i���_��?p*w�iF���f>��w�jS�Fjlu\ghc Z��S�jtwdp�cDp�_Wit�tcdfhjle\jrf� �®e\cd����f�w�a §e\cdw aR� fhp�q\��p�f�g�ady §���8adp*c0wde�� §��c�ghx�xh�b�~u�u\f%�1y���xhxhc�e���j ����takjmy���g*jlcditp*qrw�i�jly\e�c e�ghU &d��_badp*_h_hp�c &z[�({g�y8ghfhi���c�fhjre\jlfhp*_"�Np�w�ab��tc���y fhp W��§e\cHy~jlqri�� ��U>��c'p*_ �ta�akck�ti�adjly+���~xhg�_hiba�[����oy~j u0���c%akjrqlq yL§��_hw�adp*cvq�§��_hu\w'cdp*p�qrqr�"���~p*ql_ i�e����.p*c%y~jwdp�f>��_�adjrqlq p*_ g*jrc�i�p�qrwdi�jmy��,wde�� jl_h_hp<U¬���qrqlp*c�f�p¤x>��cd���.p�akp�c�yL§��c�fhp*_wde\�ow y��tck��c%��eta'p�_�ta�akck�ti�adjly|>��g��8itp*q [D� §e�c'c�p*p*qlq¦� vghxhxby8jrwk�tc%�����.jrq¡ �p*_ �� xhcdp<g*jrw%wk�t�����,�®p�_he\�.p*_wde\������.jrq¡ �p*_ �% b�w���!e\� y8j �®e\c�adw1§�ta�akp*c�adjrqlq yL§��_hw akp*c.u0���c�y8j�jru�p*_he\� Uhp*qr�+fhp�a�xNp�cdjle~f���§e�c��fhgh���hqrjl_hu\wdwag*p�_>��cdjle¤y8j cdp�f>��_!fhjlwdi�g�akp�ck�ta ��§e\c �����.jrq¡ �p*_ �% [ " §��_hu�w�cdp�p*qrqr�����~p*ql_ Uhjla�aR��cy8j¬p*_!a¶§�ta%�"§��_hu\f��y!xNp�cdjle\fhjrw�i��¤��§e\_hw�adp*c�[�S ��c�a%e�ghU�p�a�a'�1y!f�p*wdwd� §��cWe\�.u\jmy~_h�#�1y!p�_�>���b�R� n���_hfhp�qr�hc�e�ak�"§��_hu\f�jLfhpza i�e���xhqlpz����xhqr��_hp�a*[��)§��csy8jL_����c Y\ 4 |)q`§�t��_>�tc y8j�� [

Page 21: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� � �

� ���q��� � ��� n���_hfhp�qr�hc�e�ak�"§��_hu\f�p*_ � [�usjlqrfhp�_§��c US§���)ak��f#ghc!�� � � [��� y8j>q�§����_h��c�U�g�y8ghf�it�tcdfhjle\jrfhp�_vjh_����u�e\_���_h_>�t_vcdjribad_hjr_hu wdp*c�y8j�yt��c�j¦��_bakp�c x����wd��������'akp��¤��[ sjrc�i�p*qlwdi�jly�e\cd_h��w�yt��ck�tc ��eta w�ak���hjlq¦� gz�~i�qlp*c���y�e\qljri��'q�§��_hu\f�b~w�e\� u\p�_he\�.u����cx?p*cdjle~f~��§e\cdfhg��h�hqrjl_hu%_S§��csy8j0c1§e�c e\wdw g~a�jl�®c���t_eU�g�y8ghfhi���cdf�jre\jlfhp*_�[�­H�t_hfhp*_§��csp*_,�®ck��ibaR�tq�bfhp�_3U>��c jrgRi�pK��akc�jly8j¦�tqDw akc�ghibakghc�x¬��#��qrqr�.w�it�tqre\c�[-X�[ pz�N[¬§�tc &���_bakp*_�_hp*c�_>� &��®ghqrqr����y��>���b�R�����_hfhp�qr�hc�e�ak�"§��_hu\f�p*c6b8wde�� y��tc{e�ghU�p*_ §�tc{p�_"_���tu\e�a ��§e\c y~c�§��_hu\f�_hp�cdwdi���qr��f#y\p�cdwdjle\_ ��yUhp�q¦� � ^®jr_hi�qlghwdjmy\p��>�t���R���¤��_�fhp*ql�hcde�ad� §�t_hu\fhp�cd_>� ) `z[¢ [©��[ -���,:!:"�# ��&/��.� ���,�2-!:"�, � � , )��. ��#%�-2 ���8-"�& � 0�#$' �# ���,�2-!:"�&�? n"��_#w §��u\p�c �tada�ta�a �"§��c�xhcdpK�`x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i�gh_�fhp*c{jladp*ck��akjre�_#��p�f � e\� �.p  )§�tc xNp�cdjre8fhjlwdi¤�.p*_,����qlqrp*csx ��p*_!x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i��h��_>�#p��³adp*c�p�a�a�§��_hfhqljru�a ��_baR�tq w�adp*uh[ <F��!§��c�a�[ pz�N[0�#xhc�pI�`x?p*c�jre8fhjrw�i#akjrqlqBp�_���~xhgh_�i�aHgh_hf�p*c � �1^3�R`zª

� ��� 24 > 4�| ��� 24 > | ��� 24 > | v�v�vIv���f./4���? � ���D�� 31��Ha� ~ 5��C�MRP�GIC � 3iP�G �� ��RPR��C-� ��D$DTP�GIC d1HKE�D$E��hd�� �-F�Cfd1D GIC�� 5��H �-H�GI���GIHKE�B6P�E��hd�F�C-P�GIH �� Q:� ��OM 5��J�J�GIH ��D$D^»�R`�� 5��HOGIC3D 5��D*P�GIJL~ 5��C�MRP�D$E�J�J�Ha��C-P�GIC � 3 �^��+` 6 ~ ���]M 5��J�J�GIHy��D$D ���� � � B ��� � � B ���xHa��C-P�GIC D;E�J�J � 5��Hy�1�I�1~ �-D B1D$E��hd1D�JLE�d��C 5��Hy~���C��1B>B1~���H E�C d1HIE�C�M �E7H�Gh� ��Ghd1D$E�3�Gy~ 5��C�MRPRQ] �Fjru\g�c�Z���u\p*w�pzada{pz�~p*�.x?p*q�x¬���fhpzadaR�~[>��p*_h_h��wd�takw�w�§��u\p*c{�ta�a�ck��_�fhp*_#akjlqrq � jl_h_hpI�U����qlqrp�c��hq [©��[���qlq¦��fhp e>§��_hfhqljru�a�����_hu\�)¥�ghqlj¦���"§��_hu�fhp*c�_>�fb�w�e\� yt��c eghU�p�_+§��c p*_��®ck��ibaR�tq�bUS§e\cd��_hfhpWakjlqrq�x?e\qm�~_�e\� �.p*f�xhcdpK�`x?p*cdjle~f�jrwdi�i�cdjladjrw�i�xhgh_hiba*[?]`_badp)gh_hf�ck��x�����ta�a cd��_hfhp�_U>��c p�_�ite\�.xhqrjrg*p*cd��f#w�adcdghibadghc*[

Page 22: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� �h�

� ���q��� � ��� "0e\i���q¬qrjri�Uhpza%��p�qrq¦�t_�¥�g�qrj¦�t� §��_�u\fhp*_ � � ^®a�[ y?[ `WeghU n"��_�fhp�qr�hc�e�ak�"§��_hu�fhp*_ � _S§��cd� ¶[�^³a�[ U�[ `�[�usjlqrfhp�_§��c aR��u�p*_,ghc�� 4 & � [

� §e\cLfhp*_Wwde�� y8jrqlqtq�§��wk� �.p*c�e�� i�e���xhqlpz��f��8_>���.jri+b�c�p*ite\���.p*_�fhp*cd��w�use8fhjrq�usck��_�_hp*c�w��c akjritp*q j �He�cd���ta�b�� 4 & � [B]��� ��� �>_h_�wv�����_�ub��yt��gRi�ck� �hjlqrfhp�c���y ¥�g�qrj¦�t� §��_�u\fhp*cWe�ghUn"��_�fhp*ql�hcde�ad� §�t_hu\fhp�_�[ ��§��c¤i���_ ����_ e�gRi�w8�� q`§��wd��e\� ��qru�e\cdjmak�.p*c���§e\c¤�tada#u�p*_hp�cdp*cd�wb��tf>��_>�v�hjlqrfhp�c6b�e�ghU�e\� adp*e\c�jr_#�>��ite\� �hjlqrfhp�cd_>�~[

Page 23: PRQSQST5UWV - KTH · 2006. 4. 20. · ta av § e\cdp w a¶§ tqrq¦ w jru ta a. _baR qlp a jr_ fhjly8jrf p*c _S§ tw aR c§ cvp _ba` ~f jru a.p*w a1§ )a y _baR tqrp a jr_ fhjly8jrf

�������������� ���� ��¨�[�� T � T+�0T5Q��¶T+�7�

� 4 " � u p*_hp�fhj�gRi�w6bBn�jrghU>��p�q�� GIHKE�B6P 5B1HaP�F 0 06JLE�C�M D;E�J�Jcd���B>�6QD�He\c��¤��a%��Zw^ Z1�\¨��R` _heh[0�bZ1�\���?Z ¢ |~[� 4 &�� uscd��_h_hp�c6b�use~f�jrqq@=B1~ �-J�Ghd>�>G�P��1C-��~=E��hdRGy�I�/�ID�GI~iGIH<Q � Ha�1d1D ��J�GIH�� B ���ID ���GID 3�G�PE�D�GIH���D$E�B1C-Q5�He\c��¤�ta � ¢ ^ Z1�\¨��R` _heh[h�fb5�\���?Z1|���[� / � ��pzyt��_hp���b¬­{e��Np�c�a�]`_bakc�e~fhgfg�akjle\_ ake *U>��e�adj�g,� �8_>���.j�g*��q <��~w akp���w�[ �Hfhfhjlwde\_�

p*wdqlp���b5­{p�f��se8e8f sjma`� ^ Z��\¨\�R` ] <u �'ª5�1� |���Z<�kZ1�\���\�1� ¢� /�( � ��p�yt��_�p���bS­�e\�?p*c a� £�p*p�_�b)"0jr_hf>� ^�«¬fL[ `� *U>��e�w'�t_hf�5cd��g�ak��qrw�ªNa�Uhp��¤�ta�UhpI�

���takjrg*w��?p6Uhjl_hf a�U�p�g�e\�.xhg�akp�c�u\ck�txUhj�g�w*[L�¬c�eg�p*p�fhjr_hu�w�e��sw �8��x?e\wdjr��jr_!��x�xhqrjlp*f+���taa�Uhp��¤�tadj�g�w6b~y�e\q0�\�~[fXYUhpW� �.p*c�j�g*��_,n"�ta�Uhp*���tadj�g��tq)<~e�g*jlp�a`��b>��cde1y8jrfhp�_g*p�^ Z1�\¨\�R`�[�] <fus�� - � � n"����b�­%[}n[ �+E�~ �-J�G ~���D ��GI~���D$E ����J-~iB6P�GIJ � �7E�D � 3�GIHK� �hB1~ �-JLE ����D G�P�P��1C-��~=E �h�6Q

� ��akghc�p%|���Z(^ Z1� ¢ �R`Ib~���������b�\�� - 0 � n�g�cdck����bS¥�[}��[�n"�ta�Uhp*���takjrg���q�usjle\qre\ut�\[ <~xhc�jr_hu\p�c���S¬p*cdqr��uh[-usp�cdqrjl_ (Hp�jrfhp�qr�?p*c�u

�Hp ��� e\c�i ^ Z��\�\�R`�[�] <fu �=�1� �t�b�1� � ¢ |��t� ����� ��� �Bp�jlaku�p*_�b�({p*jr_ � ��� a�ake��­�j�ghUbadp*c6b��Bp�adp*c ('[�XYU�pVu p���g�a`�Wet�h�>ck� g�aR�tqrw*[$<~xhc�jr_hu�p*c��S¬p*c�q¦��ufbusp�cdqrjl_ (Hp�jrfhp�qr�?p*cdu ^ Z1�\¨\��`z[�] <u �=�1� �t�\�1�RZ¶�t¨b�~Z<�`��[� $ 6 � XYU�gh_��?p*c�ub ( �t_hw*[��ID�GIH���D$E�B1C�GIH�[s« a�a#e\xhgh��qrj�g�p*cd�ta¤ite\�.xNp�_hfhjrg��wb¬wde�� fhp�qly8jrw

wk�t������_�����qlqrp�c'�.p*f fhpzadaR�+ite\��x?p*_�fhjrgh� bF�.p*_ w�e\� �hq»[}�+jr_�_hp6U���tqrqrp�c'��adadp*c�qrjru\��cdp §e�yR�_hjl_hub��c�[h�Fjl_h_hw x���� � ����������� � � �� � � � ��� � � � � ��� � � ��!#"�$ ��� %&���(')� !(* �� � � �� � $ 7 � XYU�gh_��Np�cdub ( ��_�w*[+� GIHIE�B6P�E �IE�D$� 3�GIH��IFR�����f��B>��E�C}B1C�GI��P�E�~iGICf�IE�B1C-��J7P��1C-��~=E �h�

<~]`��n ­�p�y8jrp ��w¬�b��^ |��\�~Z/`Ib��Heh[>Z�b\�1� �\�~[\«�_�g~ad��§e\c�qrjru\��cdp¬�®ck���.w�a1§��qrql_hjr_�uHe\� jladp*ck��akjre�_hp*ce�ghU�fhp�wdw akjlqrq §����x�_hjr_hu\��c�jr_he�� x?e\xhghqr�takjle\_hwdf~�~_h����jli5[,�-#.0/213/�4�/�165 -�7�-98�:5 ;=<9>�/�7�?@>�/�1BADC�E�FHG CJILKMKON�N9P)/�5 QRA�S#5#TU?VDWYX °[ZB\~°^]_]L`»²ba�az´Mc^dfefgfhMi_jfk�lnm2o_cUdqpsrUc^dqput_i