Upload
others
View
12
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ECOPAK Project number Eco/09/256048-ECOPACK
2010-2013
What is the Eco-innovation programme? first real-scale application or market-replication of
eco-innovative products, processes and services
Programme objectives
• Support first applications and market uptake of eco-innovative products, processes and services
• Bridging the gap between R&D (research and development) and commercialisation
• Remove obstacles to the wide application of eco-innovation
Two main issues: • To build a business plan • To start commercialisation
Quite reserved to private companies
Bio-Tox (www.bio-tox.fr, Coordinator) Institut Pasteur de Lille (www.pasteur-lille.fr) Celabor (www.celabor.be) ITENE (www.itene.com) PENA Environnement (www.pena.fr) Organic Products Cluster (www.biocluster.gr)
Partners
Steering committees
Danone (end-user) Novamont (producer) Papeterie de Raon (producer)
The partners +
The consortium
Which end of life for packaging?
Food packaging waste life cycle
Compost
ECOPACK Quality of packaging’s composts
Reused or
Recycled
Not soiled Reusable
Soiled Not reusable as food packaging
Landfilled or
Incinerated
Compostable packaging? (EN 13432)
No
Yes
Worst way
thickness Preferred way Preferred way
Methanisation
Energy
Soil amendments, soil recovery, CO2 captation
Ressources protection
Ressources consumption
12,7 millions tons of packaging’s waste collected in 2006 64% are recycled 1,8 millions tons of compost produced in 2006 (deposit estimated 5,2 Mt)
Packaging, some figures in France
68%
12%
17%
2% 1%
Green wastes
WWT sludges
Household waste
Recycled materials
Others
Only 2% from recycled materials
What about the remaining 26%
?
Why focussing on the safety?
Why focussing on the safety?
Packaging, continuous crises
Alerts notifications: FCM = 8%
Information requests, FCM = 6%
2006
Rapid Alert system for food and feed (Reg. 178/2002/CE)
News letters
Why focussing on the safety?
Des résidus dans nos assiettes
Continuous crises on Packaging
Aug 4, 2010 From packaging to food: mineral oil migration
Why focussing on the safety at the end of life?
Developments and communication on packaging
Compost Your Compostable Packaging More and more companies are rolling out compostable packaging. Make sure you know the facts.
How About A Burger And Some Renewable-Resource Packaging With Those Fries? (07.25.08)
TreeHugger.com
New Certified Compostable Hot Cup and Lid Introduced Packaging combination is engineered to compost in 60- 90 days in existing facilities (3/10/2009)
New compostable packaging in natural snack food category (4/22/2010)
Biodegradable bags 9/1/2007
Compostable plastic commercialized "Our new polymer demonstrates Eastman Chemical's public commitment to protect the environment" Eastman Chemical, 1998
Eco Pack : Double Wall Coffee Cups - 240ml - 50 Pack : we recommend that the compost bin is their final destination, wherever possible, to ensure that the earth’s mineral cycle continues as efficiently as possible.
But what are the requirements for compostability?
What about inks or coatings?
survey from 40 facilities that accept food waste. motivated by the packaging industry’s confusion as to how composting facilities treat foodservice packaging, because some facilities reject packaging, citing it as a contaminant to their composting process and finished product. Key findings include: •90% of facilities surveyed actively accept compostable packaging. •67.5% require compostable packaging to have some type of standard or certification before allowing it in the front gate. •82.5% want a more universally recognizable label of compostability.
Compostable Packaging Survey Report, 2010
Nothing on safety?
Developments and communication on packaging
What are the standards on biodegradable and
compostable packagings?
Compostable & biodegradable packaging: The standards
European Standard EN13432 on compostable material
o Biodegradability (metabolic conversion into carbon dioxide, according to standard test method EN14046) 90% must be reached in less than 6 months.
o Disintegrability (fragmentation (absence of visual contamination) , according to standard test method EN14045) Below 10% of residual material with dimensions higher than 2 mm
o Absence of negative effects on the composting process.
o Composition (levels of heavy metals)
o Quality of the compost (agronomic value, pH, salinity, volatile solids, N, P, Mg, K)
o Eco-toxicological effects (growth of plants, according to the OECD test 208, modified)
American Society for Testing and Materials (2004) Standard Specification for Compostable Plastics, ASTM Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmentally Degradable Plastics and Biobased Products, 3p.
Compostable & biodegradable packaging: The standards
�Chemical content: Heavy metals Organic substances: carbamates, aromatic amines, phthalates Ecotoxicity testing : • Inhibition of the growth of plants • Acute toxicity on earthworms • Inhibition of the growth of algae population Biodegradation & Compostability Comparison with cellulose, 2 of the 3 following tests • aquatic (sturm) : 90% relative in 6 months • soil test : 70% relative in 12 months • controlled composting test : 90% relative in 6 months
The French NFU 52-001 for mulching films
• Flux and limits in contaminants (8 metals + 3 PAH)
• Limits on microbial content (4 microbials)
• Limits on inert components and impurities
• Agronomic value (levels of nutrients)
• Agronomic efficiency (i.e. kinetic of mineralization C/N)
• Granulometry
The French NFU 44-051 for fertilizers, organic amendment and composts
Compostable & biodegradable packaging: The standards
Compostable & biodegradable packaging: existing labels
OK Compost Home : Private label based on EN 13432 with little more endpoints
OK Compost : Label stating conformity to NF EN 13432
OK Biodegradable Water - Soil : Label close to NF U 52001
European Label on Bioplastics : Label stating conformity to NF EN 13432
DIN 54900 : Private label on biodegradability
In summary
A strengh ask/questionning from consumers, regulators and industrials (both producers and end-users)
A reject by composting plants
Some European and French standards
Some labels delivered by private companies
A growing market
But, packaging are the main source of alerts in Europe and there is: • No or little knowledge on emerging contaminants? • No knowledge on the toxicity of compost ? • Little knowledge on the ecotoxicity of compost?
Compostable & biodegradable packaging vs Safety
Our objectives
To develop a testing scheme applicable on : 1. Raw materials (the packaging) 2. Compost issued form these raw materials To develop a practical safety assessment procedure for compostable materials that focus on the end of life : the compost and/or the agricultural fields (in complement of existing standards) To develop a label based on this procedure
Scope of Ecopack: the science
The work program
WP2 (controls) dead-line Dec. 2012
Analyses Chemistry Ecotoxicity
Génotoxicity
Composting Définition of conditions
3 raw materials • paper and board • bio-plastic • Soiled cardboard
Analyses Chemistry Ecotoxicity Génotoxicity EN 13432 tests NFU 44-051 tests
WP3 dead-line Dec. 2012
Composts from the 3 raw materials
Ecopack testing schedule : the first steps
WP5 dead-line Sep. 2013
Selection & composting of 9 commercial products (food contact materials, ustensils, mulching films...)
Simplified analyses Chemistry; Ecotoxicity; Genotoxicity EN 13432 tests; NFU 44-051 tests
drafting of the EcoPack® certification and testing scheme
Simplification of the procedure (decision tree)
WP4 dead-line April 2013
Cost-benefit analysis Life cycle analyses
Ecopack testing schedule : the following steps
Packaging material
Grinding
Sieving
Leaching Testing
Sample preparation for Tox and chemistry
Compost
Sieving
Leaching Testing
Chemical analyses plan (WP2 & WP3)
• Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Mo, Se, As, F…
• N, NH3, P, Mg and K
EN 13432
NFU 44-051
• Aluminum • Bis-Dimethylaminobenzophenone; • Bis-Diethylaminobenzophenone; • Carbamates • primary aromatic amines, • pentachorophenol; • Phthalates (REACH candidate list), • Bisphenol A, PFOS, • PCBs, PAH, Dioxins (WHO Teq),
Contaminants
In Vitro toxicological analyses (WP2 & 3)
Ames test on Salmonella bacteria
Micronucleus assay on mouse lymphoma cells
Genototoxicity
Endocrine disruption Calux battery (ER, AR, TR … receptors)
In vivo ecotoxicological analyses (WP2 & 3)
Acute toxicity: mortality
Chronic toxicity:
- Reproduction
- Biomarkers of effect: comet assay
- Biomarkers of exposure: Protein / Cholinesterase activity / MDA / NADPH cytochrome reductase activity / - Catalase activity / Glutathion reductase activity / Glutathion S-transferase activity
Comportmental toxicity: Avoidance test
Chronic toxicity
Worms
Plants
Fish
Bacteria
Daphnid
Alga
acute lethal toxicity
Light inhibition
inhibition of the mobility
growth inhibition
Our needs
In WP5, the battery will be validated by testing 9 materials.
We are looking for manufacturers or end-users willing to take part in the project by providing us with material for the validation phase (80-90 kg are needed). We are particularly interested in : • Active biodegradable/compostable material • Composite (i.e. paper/bioplastics cups) • Soiled materials (i.e. pizza boxes, hamburger boxes …) • Fertilizers • …
Call for interest
The tests and analyses results will be available. We commit ourselves not to communicate any information about the origin of these materials.
The participation in such an European program will reinforce the environmental liability of the sponsors. The results collected on the material will put it in a pole position for the Ecopack certification.
Our commitment