PRSI201

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DURBAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICENGINEERING

STUDY GUIDE TO

PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION 2

Latest Revision: 2010

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SUBJECT: PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION 2

SAPSE CODE: 0808133220

PRSI201

PRE-REQUISITES: ELECTRONICS 2

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2

CAMPUS: STEVE BIKO CAMPUS

1. METHOD OF ASSESSMENT:

Progress will be monitored by means of two class tests each of one hour duration, practical reports, one

assignment, and one three hour final examination. The two class tests and assignment will make up the

course mark for which a sub-minimum of 40% will be required for permission to write the final

examination.

The final mark will then be made up as follows:

Course mark Theory Test 1 40%

Theory Test 2 40%

Practical 10%

Assignment 10%

________________________________

Total 40%

Examination mark 60%

_______________________________________________

Final mark 100%

2. COURSE PURPOSE:

This second course in process instrumentation serves to introduce the student to the field of

instrumentation not covered in the first course. Some of the plant variables are covered. It must be

remembered that the first two courses form the basis for all further study towards the diploma in

instrumentation and control. This course is descriptive in nature and some sections are coupled with

calculations.

Where possible, practical work is used to backup the theory. Students are expected to make use of the

extensive library facilities as many books in the field of instrumentation and control are available.

3. LECTURER:

The lecturer for this course is Mr. Trevor Pillay.

Office S8 414, Phone (031) 373 2888

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4. COURSE DURATION:

The course extends over one semester of study and is presented as three theory lectures per week and

twopractical periods per week.

5. PRACTICAL ATTENDANCE:

90% practical attendance is compulsory and practicals are treated the same as a test or exam .A learner

who for any reason is absent from a particular test, assessment, or scheduled laboratory period, must

provide acceptable proof of his/her reason for absence to the lecturer concerned within two (2) days of

his/her return to classes.

Failure to provide proof of acceptable reasons for absence shall result in a zero mark for the practical

component of the course mark as per rule BT5 (Departmental Rules: General handbook.)

A sub-minimum of50% shall apply to the practical component as per rule BT8 (Departmental Rules:

General handbook.)

5.1 Lab Rules

1. No eating or drinking in the laboratories (including the chewing of gum).

2. Closed shoes are to worn at all times (slip-slops, bare feet and open shoes are not allowed).

3. No cell phones may be used while in the laboratories.

4. No unsupervised access is allowed in any of the laboratories. Permission must be given

before entering a laboratory.

5. Students are required to bring their own tool kits including breadboards to their practical

sessions.

6. TEST DATES:

Test 1 Date: TBA Venue: TBA Time: TBA

Test 2 Date: TBA Venue: TBA Time: TBA

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7. BOOKS:

The prescribed book for this course is:

van Vuuren, G, An Introduction to Process Instrumentation, 3rd Edition. Quad Technologies,

Durban, 2002.

Students should also make use of the extensive range of instrumentation books in the Campus library.Several reference books will be found to be most useful, especially:

1. Liptak, B G, Instrument Engineers Handbook

2. Considine, D M, Process Instruments and Controls Handbook

8. DATA SHEET:

A data sheet is provided for use in all class tests and the main examination. This data sheet gives basic

physical data as well as a list of the important equations that are used during the Process Instrumentation

course. A copy of the data sheet can be found attached to this document.

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9. SUBJECT SYLLABUS:

9.1 Process Control Basics

Introduction terms and definitions

On / off control

Continuous control PID

9.2 Transmission Signals / Telemetry

Introduction

Analogue signals

Pressure, voltage, current, frequency + standards

Loop powered instruments

Signal conversion + calcs

Digital signals / networks

RS232, RS485, TCP/IP

HART protocol

9.3 Flow Introduction

Bernoullis derivation, correction coefficients, calcs

DP flow measurement

Venturi tube, Dall tube, orifice plate, target meter

Open channel flowmeters weirs and flumes

Variable area flowmeter

Turbine flowmeter

Ultrasonic flowmeters + calcs

Electromagnetic + calcs

Vortex shedding

Mass flowmeters

ThermalCoriolis

Positive displacement flowmeters

9.4 Valves & Actuators

Introduction

Valve flow characteristics

Valve types

Cavitation

Valve flow coefficient

Actuators

Positioners

9.5 Pumps

Introduction

Types of pumps

Control methods

Using VSDs as means of controlling pump speed

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10. OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course the learner will know how to measure the following basic variables: force and

mass, linear movement, volumetric flow and mass flow. The learner will also have a good knowledge of

both on/off and basic PID control systems, the control of flow, pumps as well as both analogue and

digital signal transmission.

Basic electronic skills will be developed and demonstrated.

Outcomes Assessment Method Syllabus

The learner will know the difference

between on/off control and continuous

control, and will know what the

function is of the proportional, integral

and derivative stage of a controller in a

feedback control system.

The learner will be required to answer

questions based on the operation of the

various types of process control

methods.

See section 9.1.

The learner will know how to measure

flow in both open channels and closed

conduits. The measurement of

volumetric flow and mass flow will be

known.


questions based on operation of various

flow measurement devices and be able

to perform calculations relating to flow

measurement.

See section 9.3.

The learner will know how to control

flow rate in a system, the various types

of valves available and problems

associated with incorrectly sized valves

on a process. The learner will also

know basic calculations based on valve

flow coefficients.


questions relating to the control of flow

as well as the problem of cavitation.

The learner will also be required to

perform calculations based on valve

flow coefficients.

See section 9.4.

The learner will know the various types

of pumps available as well as the

methods of controlling these pumps.


questions based on pumps and the

control of pumping rate and volume.

See section 9.5.

The learner will know the difference

between analogue and digital signals

and the standards available. The learner

will also know methods of convertingbetween the various types of analogue

signals.


questions based on analogue and digital

signals and to perform various

calculations based on these signals.

See section 9.2.

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PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION DATA

Conversion Table for Pressure UnitsUnit bar kPa psi mmHg kg/cm

2atm torr

bar 1 100 14,5038 750,064 1,01972 0,98692 0,00133

kPa 0,01 1 0,14504 7,50064 0,0102 0,00987 75,00188

psi 0,06895 6,89476 1 51,7151 0,07031 0,06805 517,0631

mmHg 0,00133 0,13332 0,01934 1 0,00136 0,00132 1

kg/cm2 0,98067 98,0665 14,2233 735,561 1 0,96784 735,5592

atm 1,01325 101,325 14,696 760 1,03323 1 7598,7842

torr 0,13333 0,001934 1 0,0013595 0,0001316 1

Thermocouple Reference Table

TypeJ

C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0 0,00 0,50 1,02 1,54 2,06 2,58 3,11 3,56 4,19 4,73

100 5,27 5,81 6,36 6,90 7,45 8,00 8,56 9,11 9,67 10,22

200 10,78 11,34 11,89 12,45 13,01 13,56 14,12 14,67 15,22 15,77

300 16,33 16,88 17,43 17,98 18,54 19,09 19,64 20,20 20,75 21,30400 21,85 22,40 22,95 23,50 24,06 24,61 25,16 25,72 26,27 26,83

500 27,39 27,95 28,52 29,08 29,65 30,22 30,80 31,37 31,95 32,53

600 33,11 33,70 34,29 34,88 35,48 36,08 36,69 37,30 37,91 38,53

700 39,15 39,78 40,41 41,05 41,68 42,32 42,96 43,60 44,25 44,89

800 45,53 46,18 46,82 47,46 48,09 48,73 49,36 49,98 - -

TypeK

C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0 0,00 0,40 0,80 1,20 1,61 2,02 2,43 2,85 3,26 3,68

100 4,10 4,51 4,92 5,33 5,73 6,13 6,53 6,93 7,33 7,73

200 8,13 8,54 8,94 9,34 9,75 10,16 10,57 10,98 11,39 11,80

300 12,21 12,63 13,04 13,46 13,88 14,29 14,71 15,13 15,55 15,98

400 16,40 16,82 17,24 17,67 18,09 18,51 18,94 19,36 19,79 20,22

500 20,65 21,07 21,50 21,92 22,35 22,78 23,20 23,63 24,06 24,49

600 24,91 25,34 25,76 26,19 26,61 27,03 27,45 27,87 28,29 28,72

700 29,14 29,56 29,97 30,39 30,81 31,23 31,65 32,06 32,48 32,89

800 33,30 33,71 34,12 34,53 34,93 35,34 35,75 36,15 36,55 36,96

900 37,36 37,76 38,16 38,56 38,95 39,35 39,75 40,14 40,53 40,92

1000 41,31 41,70 42,09 42,48 42,87 43,25 43,63 44,02 44,40 44,78

Constants

3/13600 mkgHg =

3/1000 mkgWATER =

2/81,9 smg =

smsoundofspeed airdry /344=

smsoundofspeedwater /1461=

Temperature Conversions

15,273+= CelsiusKelvin tT

[ ] [ ]( )329

5=

FCtt

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Formulae

teNN

= 0

2ln

2

1 =t

GATMABS PPP +=

+= sin

A

aglPManometer

hHL

Hg

=

2

1

12

1HhH

L

Hg

=

hZL

Hg

= 1

A

lR

=

( )x

eGVV SOBridge

+=

22

( )tRRt += 10

0

0100

.100 R

RR =

TB

AeR =

hdCZEQ

2003998.0=

21

1

mE

=

( )

e

eP

e

P

A

vgAQ

= .22

( ) 5.12.0094.0 HHLQRECT =5.1

095.0 LHQTRAP =

5.2

2tan07.0 HQV

=

5.143.4 CBKHQFLUME =

BD

AeQ =

=

T

RT

F

FFACQ

cos2

TL

ACQ

=

cos2

2

FSt

AdQ =

tC

HW

P=

VALVE

VPN

QC

=

max

minx

x

RQQ =

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