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We continue with our exploration of differences between conflict resolution, conflict management and conflict transformation. You may find these readings a little challenging/ heavy on theory and concepts.
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Monday October 18 2010 Lecture 7: Conflict Resolution and Transformation II
PS 2A03: Conflict TransformationDr Colin Salter, Centre for Peace Studies, McMaster University
Conflict processes...Conflict resolution and transformation II
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Outline
• Gandhian linkages
• Six approaches
• ABC Triangle
• Conflict deformation
• Complexification
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Difficulties are meant to rouse, not discourage. The human spirit is to grow strong by conflict.
William Ellery Channing
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Those who think they can resolve all contradictions, thereby producing a contradiction-free, surprise-free, society, are in for the greatest surprises.
Johan Galtung (1996)
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In a conflict there is, somewhere, a contradiction. And in contradiction there is, somewhere, dynamism.
Johan Galtung (1996)
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...a positive approach to conflict (give the conflict a positive emphasis, see it as an opportunity to meet an opponent, as an opportunity to transform society and as an opportunity to transform the self).
Thomas Weber (2001)
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Because good ends can never grow out of bad means, the opponent (for Gandhi there may be opponents by not enemies) is not forced expose him or herself to loss.
Thomas Weber (2001)
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The antagonist should be separated from the antagonisms.
Thomas Weber (2001)
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Six approaches
• Transcendence
• Compromise
• Deepening
• Broadening
• Integration
• Disintegration
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A conflict solution can be defined as a new formation that is (1) acceptable to all actors, (2) sustainable by the actors.
Johan Galtung (1996)
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A conflict solution can be defined as a new formation that is (1) acceptable to all actors, (2) sustainable by the actors.
Johan Galtung (1996)
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Johan Galtung (2000)
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A less contradictory formation (C) is good, but it has to be supported by the right attitudes and assumptions (A); otherwise the prognosis will be that the wrong behavior (B) will resume and hitch onto whatever residual or new conflict material (read: contradictions) may be around. A bad rebirth
ABC Triangle
Johan Galtung (2000)
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• Goals of conflict workers can and do have significant implications for transformative processes.
• Can result through focus on one contradiction.
Conflict deformation
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...make the too complex more simple, but be aware of the dangers of polarization.
Complexification and Simplification
Johan Galtung (2000)
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c = m x n - 1
Complexification and Simplification
m = number of actors
n = number of themes
c = m + n (simplified)
Johan Galtung (2000)
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Summary
• Means and ends
• Antagonist and antogaonisms
• Conflict solutions as new formations
• Conflict deformation
• Complexification
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Citations & further reading
Johan Galtung (1996) Peace by peaceful means: peace and conflict, development and civilization, Sage Publications, London.
Johan Galtung (2000) Conflict Transformation by Peaceful Means (The Transcend Method), United Nations Disaster Management Training Program.
Thomas Weber (2001) ‘Gandhian Philosophy, Conflict Resolution Theory and Practical Approaches to Negotiation’, Journal of Peace Research, vol. 38, no. 4, 2001, pp. 493–513
Steven York (2000) A Force More Powerful, A force More Powerful Films. http://www.aforcemorepowerful.org/films/afmp/index.php
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Image sources
Dave Boldingers Cartoons & Stuff — http://www.dbaldinger.com/opinion_cartoons/second_page/dear_world.html
James Garvin Ellis. Rodney Powell (standing) talks with other sit-in participants at Walgreens drugstore in Nashville, Tennessee, Friday March 25, 1960 — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville_sit-ins
Marc Riboud. Jan Rose Kasmir, protest against the Vietnam War outside the Pentagon, Arlington County, Virginia, Saturday, 21 October 21, 1967 — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Rose_Kasmir
Shaney Komulainen. Canadian soldier Patrick Cloutier and Saskatchewan Native Brad Laroque alias 'Freddy Kruger' come face to face in a tense standoff at the Kahnesatake reserve in Oka, Quebec, Saturday September 1, 1990 — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oka_Crisis
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