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PAIGE L. STANLEY & TAYLOR A. WINSLOWDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
GEORGIA COLLEGE & STATE UNIVERSITYMILLEDGEVILLE, GA 31061
THE PREVALENCE OF PRESUMPTIVE PATHOGENS IN COMMERCIAL AND FARMERS
MARKET MEATS
BACKGROUND
●Grain fed cattle are 6x more likely to test positive for
pathogenic E.coli 0157:H7 than non-grain fed cattle
(International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2009).
●Multidrug resistant isolates of Salmonella increased from
39% to 97% between 1979-1997 (New England Journal of
Medicine, 2001).
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
●Studies have shown that in the U.S. there are 9.4 million episodes of foodborne illness and 55,961 hospitalizations each year (CDC, 2011).
●Studies have proven that high levels of antibiotic use in the meat industry can lead to antibiotic resistance.
●No comparative studies have been done.○ Is there a difference in occurrence of pathogens and
their antibiotic resistance between meat CAFO/corn fed meat and farmers market meat?
ISOLATION & IDENTIFICATION METHODS*
*modified from USDA/FSIS and FDA/BAM Protocols
Proposed protocol for E.coli 0157:H7 :
Maco
nE
ato
nto
nM
illy
FC
RC
GW
BIG BOX FARMER’S MARKETCT-SMAC CT-SMACECM ECM
E. COLI
CT-SMAC
Maco
nE
ato
nto
nM
illy
FC
RC
GW
BIG BOX FARMER’S MARKETCT-SMAC CT-SMACTSAYE TSAYE
E. COLIECM ECMTESTING TESTING
Rapid 20E API Latex Agglutination
●Commercially available rapid test for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae.
●Blue latex particles coated with serum against E.coli 0157 antigen.
●Positive results will cause agglutinate.
BIOCHEMISTRY & SEROLOGY
RESULTS OF E.COLI ISOLATION
RESULTS OF E.COLI ISOLATION
E. COLI ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY
TE = TetracyclineSXT = Trimethoprim/sulfmethoxazole
C = ChloramphenicolS = Streptomycin
ISOLATION & IDENTIFICATION METHODS*
*modified from USDA/FSIS and FDA/BAM Protocols
Proposed protocol for Salmonella :
Maco
nE
ato
nto
n
BIG BOX FARMER’S MARKETRV RV
SALMONELLAUPB UPB HC HC
Mil
ly
FC
RC
GW
HardyCHROMTM SALMONELLA
Maco
nE
ato
nto
nM
illy
FC
RC
GW
RV RVUPB UPB HC HC
BIG BOX FARMER’S MARKETTESTING TESTINGSALMONELLA
IDENTIFICATION OF SALMONELLA
Gram Stain
API Oxidase Latex Agglutinat
ion
TSI LIA
Eatonton 1B ( - ) Salmonella ( - ) ( + ) Pink Purple
Eatonton 2B ( - ) Salmonella ( - ) ( + ) Pink Purple
Eatonton 3B ( - ) Salmonella ( - ) ( + ) Pink Purple
+ Control ( - ) Salmonella ( - ) ( + ) Pink Purple
SALMONELLA ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY
Locations TE SXT C S
Eatonton 1B 19 22 22 16
Eatonton 2B 19 22 22 14
Eatonton 3B 19 22 24 16
TE = TetracyclineSXT = Trimethoprim/sulfmethoxazole
C = ChloramphenicolS = Streptomycin
+ Control 18.5 21 22 12.5
DISCUSSION
●Two separate “big box” locations yielded:○a single pathogenic E.coli 0157:H7 isolate.
○multiple Salmonella isolates.
●No presumptive pathogens were isolated
from farmers’ market samples.
●There was no significant antibiotic resistance
observed with either microorganism.
CONCLUSION
Even though we isolated some pathogens from
big box locations, the sample size for this
study is not large enough to indicate any
significant difference.
While encouraging, this preliminary study
would need to be expanded to yield any
significant conclusion regarding the
prevalence of pathogens in commercial
meats.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
●Jyoti Lama - Graduate Student at GCSU
●Sergio Patitucci - Lab Coordinator
●Dr. Indiren Pillay’s Lab
REFERENCES
●David, White, Shaohua Zhao, and Tobert Sudler. “The Isolation of Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella from Retail Ground Meats.” The New England Journal of Medicine 345 (2001): 1147-1154. Web. 26 Feb 2015.
●De Boer, E., J.T.M. Zwartkruis-Nahuis, and B. Wit. “Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphyococcus Aureus in Meat.” International Journal of Food Microbiology 134 (2009):52-56. Web. 26 Feb 2015.
●Nguyen, Minh Chau Phuc, Paul-Louis Woerther, Mathilde Bouvet, Antoince Andremont, Roland Leclercq, and Annie Caru. “Escherichia Coli as Reservoir for Macrolide Resistance Genes.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 15.10 (2009):1648-1650. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 10 Mar.2015.
●Scallan, Elaine, Robert Hoekstra, and Frederick Angulo. “Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States- Major Pathogens.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 17.1 (2011): 7-16 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web. 26 Feb 2015
●Zelman, Robin. “Effects of Drug Concentration on Persistance in Escherichia Coli.” Brown University- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (2009). Web. 10 Mar. 2015.
