Ali Kilinc 900235909 Scribd.com/people/view/6555-Ali-TekBoi 11/27/2007

Behavioral Pathology:

ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

Criterion to Define Abnormal Behavior Statistical Frequency – anything that varies from general, statistical behavior

o Lower IQ ; Higher IQ ; Mild retardation Subjective Discomfort – “How do you feel?”

o Being depressed & Loss of interest Maladaptive/Dysfunctional Behavior

o Alcohol abuse & Drug abuse Danger to oneself or others around you Society [DSM-IV-TR] – Society determines what is considered as abnormal behavior

o Things considered “abnormal” can change in society, and do; they change constantly.

DSM-4 TR Diagnostic tool used address psychological disorders 5 Different part called “Accesses”

1) Access One: List of all clinical syndromes and disorders2) Access Two: Refers to personality issues and mental disorders/retardation3) Access Three: General medical condition (ex: diabetes, cancer, etc.)4) Access Four: Current psychological and/or environmental problems (hobo {homeless

person}, or recent divorce)5) Access Five: Global functioning ability – the ability to function and be productive in daily

life (ex: working)

Access ONE Anxiety Based Disorders

Anxiety: an EXTREMLY NEGATIVE emotional statePhobia: irrational or unrealistic fear (unrealistic) from things generally accepted as harmless

o GAD (general anxiety disorder): anxiety as a part of daily life; experienced at all times. Specific anxiety reaction: anxiety attack that occurs and you are aware of the

reason of the attack Free Floating anxiety: anxiety that occurs without the person experiencing this,

being aware of the source of the anxietyo OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder): must interfere with daily functional ability and

behavior. Possible inclusion of specific phobias.

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Ali Kilinc 900235909 Scribd.com/people/view/6555-Ali-TekBoi 11/27/2007

o Stress Disorders : occurs in two common forms(1) Acute stress disorder – comes on very quickly and is very INTENSE and must last at

least a month but does not tend to last longer than that.(2) Chronic stress reaction : {generally does not as intense as acute attacks; but lasts

much longer} constant anxiety and attacks. Anxiety levels affect daily life, and sometimes this anxiety last for the entire life of the individual.

Dissociative Disorder – some aspect of you becomes separated or isolated from the rest of youo Amnesia : some aspect of memories are suppressed subconsciouslyo Fugue : to “take flight” or leave. In the presence of EXTREME stress, the individual leaves

the problem or stress related area to another location, and goes awayo Dissociative Identity Disorder [f.k.a Multiple Personality Disorder]: multiple human

personalities being exhibited inside one individual. About 3-5: Number of documented cases Heavy Trauma: speculated cause

Somatoform Disorder – the individual experiences physical pain and physical discomfort when there are no scientific evidence and/or symptoms. Heavy stress ⇒ 100% Psychological pain

Psychotic Reactions – when the individual loses contact with reality; inability to distinguish between what is real and what is not. Exhibiting delusions (false beliefs) and dysfunction.

Common Delusions |key: = inability to think otherwise or differently from this view| Somatic Delusion (ex: brain is melting, stomach filled with concrete {literally}) Erotic Delusion (ex: person is in love with you, wants to marry you) Delusions of Grandeur : the individual believes that they are someone they are

not in reality (ex: prince, doctor, CEO) Delusions of Persecution : the individual believes that he is constantly trying to

persecuted or that someone is “out to get him” all the time (ex: spies all around) Hallucination : he individual sees and/or hears things that are not real

Common Dysfunctional Behavior

Disordered Intellectual Dysfunction : cannot function properly in society and with other people (ex: cannot perform basic tasks or converse {not a retard} )

Disordered Emotional Dysfunction : occurs in two forms(A) Emotionally FLAT: No emotion whatsoever. No cumulative emotion.(B) Emotionally EXAGURRATED: All emotions to the maximus. The

individual experiences happiness, sadness, anger and all emotions, but feels all of them to a heavily extent. The individual is unable to have “normal” emotions.

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Ali Kilinc 900235909 Scribd.com/people/view/6555-Ali-TekBoi 11/27/2007

Schizophrenia (Psychotic Behavior)o Most serious problem facing psychologists todayo Four different types, all of which are psychotic in nature:

1) Disorganized Schizophrenic : very flat or exaggerated emotions2) Catatonic Schizophrenic : bodily state dominates; stupor level. All levels of bodily

effort are brought down to as minimum as POSSIBLE. Individuals sometimes freeze themselves and stay that way for hours at

time, sometimes even days, weeks. Waxy Flexible: ability to move the body or reposition limbs into

comfortable positions when frozen Rigid: body cannot move or be repositioned whilst frozen

3) Paranoid Schizophrenic : experiences delusions of grandeur PLUS persecution simultaneously, whilst possibly hearing and seeing things as well.

Most “potentially” dangerous of all psychopaths4) Undifferentiated Schizophrenic : an individual who exhibits characteristics and

symptoms of a schizophrenic, but does not specifically fit into type 1, 2 or 3.o Possible Causes |key: = relevant data, but not extremely conclusive as final cause|

Patients of schizophrenia are commonly found to have some kind of heavy trauma at one point or another in their lifetime

The probability of the disorder being genetically transferred is high Individuals with schizophrenia are commonly found with higher than normal

levels of dopamine {similar to being “high” all the time} MRI scans reveal: brain ventricles are wider than normal PET scans reveal: lower than normal brain activity in the frontal lobes Autopsies reveal: wider than normal brain fissures

Mood Disorders(A) Major Depressive Disorder : classified as a deep, DEEP form of depression; deepest and

lowest possible state. Learned helplessness has taken on most extreme form. Suicide a very high probability.

(B) Bipolar Disorder – f.k.a. “Manic Depressive Psychosis”:One: Individual experiences EXTREME mood swings (ex: from over-exaggerated

happiness to heavy and deep depression). Does not experience mania.Two: Individual experiences severe depression, but without any instances of mood

changes, as in non-altering. Expresses at least one instance of mania or manic depression(C)S.A.D. (Seasonal Affective Disorder): classified as depression brought on by the change

of time in the day or seasons of the year | ex: {summer⇒happiness} {winter⇒sadness}

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