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Advanced Developmental
Psychology
PSY 620PJanuary 13, 2015
Course Overview
Module 1: Theory & Methodology
Module 2: Domains of Development
Module 3: Socialization Processes
Module 4: Beyond Childhood…..
Course Overview (cont)
Format: Textbook chapters and lecture (Tues) supplemented by empirical readings (Thurs) Readings posted on Blackboard
▪ Sometimes linked to syllabus
Evaluation: Two take-home exams (35% each)
▪ Theories/Methods; Domains of Development (due 03/18)▪ Socialization Processes; Adulthood (due 05/04)
3 x Discussion leader w slides (4 x 5%) Participation (vebal, questions, in-class written queries
(10%)
BlackBoard
Development defined: Individual change over time that:
Reorganizes Multiple systems (entire person)
Successive, sequential Crawl before you walk
Non-reversible (stable) You can’t go back
Normative Everyone’s doing it
Continues over lifespan
Is development
Increasing functionality in all things? Loss of perceptual acuity in non-native
languages between 6 & 12 months Old-age
Current Perspectives on Development
Focus on mechanisms underlying change Focus on how/why of development rather than
what Move away from “either / or” attempts to
isolate/quantify relative contributions How does development proceed?
Nature – Nurture e.g., is shyness innate or learned?
What is the Shape of Developmental Change?Adolph et al, 2008
Developmental trajectories take many forms
Accurate depiction depends on sampling rate of observations
“Microgenetic method” – small time intervals to observe developmental process
Gangi
Sampling rate can misrepresent both form & age of development
Messinger
Conceptual Differences between Theories of Development
How does a behavior change in form and/or function over the course of development? (=absolute change) Continuity – Discontinuity
▪ Descriptive continuity-discontinuity▪ Explanatory continuity-discontinuity
▪ Descriptions and Explanations can be either Quantitative or Qualitative
Conceptual Differences between Theories of Development
How does a behavior change differently among individuals in the same group? (=relative change) Stability -- Instability
Examples
1 2 3
Bay
ley
Cog
niti
ve S
core
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
YearM = 93.5n = 200
YearsM = 79.1n = 190
YearsM = 82.1n = 132
Typical Trajectory:Cognitive Scores Decline
Developmental Systems Perspective
Four essential components Systematic change with relative plasticity
Integration of levels of organization
Historical embeddedness and temporality
Limits of generalizability, diversity, & individual differences
Two examples of theories based on Developmental Systems Perspective
Focus on bidirectional relations (e.g., Developmental Systems Perspectives) between levels of organization
Bioecological Theory of Developmental Processes (Bronfenbrenner)
Dynamic Systems Theory (Thelen & Smith)
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory of Development
How does your work relate…..
Describe the level at which you are currently anchoring your own research and/or professional work?
Describe a level you are not currently examining but areinterested in?
Lerner et al.
“In essence, the concepts of historical embeddedness and temporality indicate that a program of developmental research adequate to address the relational, integrated, embedded, and temporal changes involved in human life must involve multiple occasions, methods, levels, variables, and cohorts (Baltes, 1987; Baltes, Lindenberger, & Staudinger, 2006; Schaie & Strother, 1968).” Lerner et al., p. 12
Thoughts?
Hand-wringing about complexity
Krebs cycle cellular respiration
▪ evolved…