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Psych 10Final Exam ReviewPersonality StuffWays of viewing personalityPsychoanalytic/PsychodynamicId/ego/superegoPsychosexual stagesDefense mechanismsHumanisticMaslow: Self-actualizationRogers: Genuineness, acceptance, empathyTraitPersonality Testing (e.g., Big Five)Social-CognitivePerson-situation interactionPsychoanalytic/psychodynamic: focus on interplay between conscious and unconscious mind; conflict between impulse and restraint. (what id ego superego are) So he talks about the stages and their associated wants and needs. This is also where we learn about the defense mechanisms.

Humanistic: focuses on the healthy people and the way they strive for self-determination. Think human potential. Self actualization so the process of fulfilling our full potential. Rogers person centered approach says you need three things in your environment to grow as a person.

Trait: personality testing

Social-Cognitive: situations matter3Psychoanalytic: Psychosexual StagesOral (0-18 months)Anal (18-36 months)Phallic (3-6 years)Latency (6-puberty)Genital (puberty on)Breast feeding, elimination (so if your potty training goes badly you get anal retentive), phallic pleasure zone is the genitals (this is when all that ridiculous incestuous oedipus complex stuff is supposed to happen),

and then finally the genital phase where your sexual interests have matured and you start showing all the ways these other stages got screwed up, like if youre anal retentive. 4Psychoanalytic: Defense MechanismsRegressionReaction FormationProjectionRationalizationDisplacementDenial\5http://www.ign.com/videos/2008/04/09/how-i-met-your-mother-tv-clip-the-chain-of-screamingDisplacement6Yeah, I know I got a 3% and a 7% on the last two midterms, and its two hours before the final and I havent attended a single lecture and Ive studied for a grand total of nineteen minutes. But Im pretty sure I can swing an A- for the class.Denial7A guy: Huh, that guy has really nice eyes. I mean, uh, Football! And beer and objectifying women! Homophobic slurs! Im absolutely not gay!Reaction formation8Ive just broken off my engagement, and hes moved out with all his stuff. Im building a blanket fort and binge-watching Disney movies because that makes me feel better.Regression9I read Playboy for the articles.Rationalization10Yeah, my sister eats like a pig. I dont know why she doesnt show more self-control. Hey, is that pie?Projection11HumanisticYoure all special snowflakesIdeal self v actual selfMaslow: Hierarchy of needsFood water shelter air safety belonging esteem self-actualizationRogers: Personal growth needs:Genuineness AcceptanceEmpathyPeople are happiest when their ideal self matches their actual self

Be open, drop facades, be yourself. Be accepted as we areHaving others try to understand us

Criticism: this one comes off as a bit touchy-feely12TraitTrait = Characteristic pattern of behaviorQuestionnaires- based on clusters of variables to ID these patterns (Cattell IDed some of these)Allport Trait TheoryWere all made up of traits that result in consistent behaviorEysenckIntroversion-ExtraversionEmotional Stability-InstabilityBig Five- CANOEThis is how current researchers study personality for the most part13Social Cognitive PerspectiveEmphasizes interaction between person and environment (Bandura)Self-ControlOptimism vs. PessimismExternal vs Internal Locus of ControlLearned HelplessnessSelf control: Like a muscle; traits but also training. Ok, heres the interaction. There are situations that tax all our ability to control ourselves; like if youre on a diet, everyone will have more trouble if your house smells like cookies all the time than if it doesnt, but some people will have more trouble than others. Marshmallow study. But you can practice.

Optimism v pessimism: too much of either is bad. Again, born with some, some comes from experiences. Which do you think optimists tend to have, internal or external locus of control?

Theres a spectrum- people with more internal locus of control feel like they have the power to affect their circumstances while people with a more external locus of control have this belief that things happen to them and they do not have this power. Ok youll hear someone with an external locus of control say things like I have bad luck whereas someone with an internal locus of control is likely to say something like I make my own luck. As with most of this stuff, too-muchness is bad. If youre high on internal locus of control, you get a lot of self-blame when bad stuff happens. If youre high on external locus of control, you might lose motivation, you might feel helpless.

Locus of control is probably affected by the way you were born, but it can also be affected by your circumstances. Like with learned helplessness- If you take an animal and put him in a box, and you shock the floor in a way that he cant predict or prevent, he gets depressed.

14Seligman: Learned Helplessness

Seligman: Learned Helplessness

Hes so hungry he can somehow acquire dynamite but he cant order a pizza

So hes learned that no matter what he does he still goes hungry16Seligman: Learned Helplessness

So according to this model of learned helplessness, hes likely to get depressed. This happens to people- when you have no control over your circumstances, you stop trying and you get depressed. But this picture is stolen from family guy because this never actually happened. Instead.17

.his internal locus of control leads him to keep chasing the road runner. So you see how both environmental factors like how much control you have and also internal factors like how strong is your internal locus of control can impact the outcome, like how much learned helplessness you show.18Social Psychology StuffElaboration Likelihood ModelCentralPeripheralFoot in the doorSmall request big requestCognitive DissonanceChanging attitudes to match behaviorFundamental Attribution ErrorDispositional:When you run into me on the sidewalk without apologizing, youre a rude personSituational: When I run into you on the sidewalk without apologizing, Im in a rush

Some topics in Social PsychWhy elaboration? Central route involves a high level of message elaboration- ok youre going to really think about the argument20What makes us like someoneProximityMere exposure effectSimilarityYOU like puppies?! I like puppies!!!AttractivenessProximity: guy in the classAttractiveness: we overgeneralize that pretty people are probably smart, likeable, good. Look at the disney princesses. This is the root of a lot of crappy behavior like fat-shaming. So they tend to get advantages both socially and in the workplace. (caveat for women). 21ConformityMilgram study of authority explicit demand to conformAsch study of students

Asch- students willing to give obviously wrong answers if they were the only dissenter22Group BehaviorSocial facilitationSocial loafingDeindividuationGroup polarizationGroupthink(Bystander effect)Health Psychology StuffInteractions between physical and psychological healthPromoting wellness, coping with illnessStress = stressor + appraisal + stress responseAcute vs chronic stressGeneral Adaptation SyndromeDisorder StuffDisorder or NotDysfunctionalI cant get my work done.DistressingIm miserable all the time.DeviantIm more manic than your average bear.Cultural considerationsDistinguishing between whats a disorder and whats normal weirdness.When youre just learning, you want hard and fast rules, but the best I can give you is rules of thumb.I think all the disorders specify that you have to have clinically significant distress OR impairment

WHY do they put each of these in? Another way of asking if its disordered is if its worth treating. If its getting in the way of your life its worth treating. If its bothering you its worth treating. And they put deviant in here- lets say a psychopath keeps killing all the neighbors cats in secret, and hes getting away with it so his work is going fine and his social life is going fine, and this doesnt bother him because hes a psychopath. But theres definitely still something wrong there, so that deviant specifier kind of captures those cases where something is wrong but you cant technically say its dysfunctional or impairing for the individual.

27Mania vs. Hypomania (i.e. Mania Jr.)Similarities:Inflated self-esteem or grandiosityDecreased need for sleepPressured Speech/Flight of IdeasDistractibilityGoal-directed ActivityRisky BehaviorDifference = severityPsychosisHospitalization If neither, duration matters: At least 1 week vs. at least 4 daysCan you have both?Not at the same timeBUT if you have both in your lifetime Bipolar IBipolar I vs. Bipolar IIBipolar I Ever had mania ever. Thats it.Can also have:Major Depressive EpisodeHypomanic EpisodeBipolar II Hypomania (NOT mania EVER.) AND Major Depressive EpisodeNote: If you were on drugs for the elevated mood, it was NOT mania or hypomaniaConditioning and Anxiety DisordersApplying (think of NS as Not Scary, US is Unlearned Scariness, CS is Connected to Scary thing )Not going to ask you how it applies to GAD, OCDPTSDConditioned Stimulus

Unconditioned StimulusPanic DisorderConditioned Stimulus

Unconditioned Stimulus

Specific Phobia

Disorders TogetherAnxiety:Specific PhobiaSocial Anxiety DisorderPTSDGADOCDMoodMDDPDDBipolar IBipolar IISchizophrenia

Dissociative Disorders:Dissociative AmnesiaDissociative FugueDissociative Identity DisorderEating DisordersAnorexiaBulimiaBinge Eating DisorderPersonality DisordersBorderlineAntisocial(Narcissistic, Schizotypal, Avoidant, Obsessive-compulsive)34Therapy StuffDifferent PsychotherapiesPsychoanalysis/PsychodynamicHumanisticBehaviorCognitive

CBT is actually one of the most commonly practiced therapies- it just gets that tiny paragraph because its elements have been covered in the separate behavior and cognitive sections.

36Client: Everyone hates me.Therapist: Really? Everyone? Every single person? Does the stranger next to you on the bus this morning hate you?Therapist: I notice that whenever the topic of your mother comes up, you change the subject. Where do you think that comes from?Client: Sometimes Im afraid Ill never get my life together.Therapist: It sounds like theres a lot of uncertainty that makes you feel anxious.39Therapist: What are the different situations that make you feel afraid? Lets rank them all from 1-10. .what? Oh, yes Im going to make you do all of them.Extended Office Hours12pm-5pm Wednesday (day before the test)41Quiz! (just for funsies.)Try an answer as we go, some of these will be too hard so dont let them spook youKeep track of the places you dont know as well and maybe this will help you budget your studying time

A caveat! This is a mix of a general overview with particular questions that I got. The stuff focused on or shown up here has no bearing on the probability of specific questions showing up on the test.

Wouldnt it be great if I just showed you all the test questions up here and you just had to memorize those things?Yeah were not doing that.421Morgan has a history of volatile, unstable relationships. You always feel like youre on walking on eggshells when you talk to her because she takes everything so personally. If you dont answer her texts right away she becomes suddenly very angry and hurt, feeling abandoned. You also know that she frequently engages in self-harm behaviors like cutting. Whats up with Morgan?Borderline personality disorder432:Name the Big FiveConscientiousnessAgreeablenessNeuroticismOpennessExtraversion3You are walking on the street and see a delicious looking cake in a shop window. Which of the following is something the id might say?a) That cake looks really good, but Im on a dietb) I shouldnt spend my money on that cake.c) Yum! Chocolate! Mine! Take it!d) Im bad for wanting to steal that cake.yum454Mike tends to avoid air travel, because it would be difficult or embarrassing to get away from people if he were to have a panic attack. What disorder does he probably have?Panic disorder with agoraphobia465Name the phenomenon where you start to like someone better just because youve been around it a lot?6A child begs her mother to take her to the toy store just to look at them. After persistent whining, the mother complies and takes the kid to the toy store. When they get there, the child sees the newest, shiniest nerf gun and turns to her mother begging her to get it for her. The mother finally buys it. Mom has fallen prey to the:a) door in the face phenomenonb) cognitive dissonancec) foot in the door phenomenond) the spotlight effectFoot in the door487What are the 9 possible symptoms of depression?49Sx of depressionDepressed moodAnhedoniaWeight changeDifficulty sleepingDifficulty concentratingFatigueAppearing restless or the opposite, slowed down (psychomotor retardation)Feelings of guilt/worthlessnessThoughts of suicide

8A premise of Freudian psychoanalytic theory, refers to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage where conflicts were unresolved.fixation519Which of the following is likely to be true of identical twins raised in two very different cultures:a) they will be similar on all the big five personality traitsb) they will be very different on all the big five personality traitsc) they will be similar on openness and agreeableness but different on conscientiousness, neuroticism, and extraversiond) they will be similar on neuroticism and conscientiousness but different on agreeableness, extraversion, and opennessSay they should be universal, similar across cultures5210According to this model, if a person is willing and able to think deeply then persuasion follows a central route that relies on controlled and effortful thinking. If a person is for some reason unable or unwilling to think deeply, then persuasion follows a peripheral route.Elaboration likelihood model5311Matt has been showing a lot of weird behavior lately. Hes been staying up all night but not complaining that hes tired, hes talking so fast its hard to keep up with what hes saying, hes been doing a lot of hard drugs, and hes become preoccupied with the notion that hes going to start a restaurant tomorrow and is reviewing applications for chefs. How would you diagnose him?Trick question! We dont know if he was on drugs to begin with or the drug use started after the behavior.54Q & A?