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PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE ON FARM INJURIES : YOUNG WORKERS AND
MIGRANT WORKERS
Guillaume BurigusaMathieu Gagné
Serge André GirardPierre Maurice
OCTOBER 10th 2013
2
Plan
Context The farm: a place where people live as well as work
General content
The public health approach
Methodoloy
Scop of farm injuries of young workers and migrant workers
Young workers
Migrant workers
Solutions Young workers
Migrant workers
Recommendations
3
Context
4
Farm as both workplace and home
Farming is among the most hazardous occupations
Prevention Strategies implemented largely focus on workers (CSST)
Farm is a place where people live as well as work
5
Context
Section 54 of the Public Health Act
«Section 54 of the Public Health Act assigns the Minister of Health and Social Services the role of advisor to the government on public health issues »
Revision of agro-food policy : an oppurtunity to contribute to the health of the population
Part of a series of reports on Public Policy(http://www.inspq.qc.ca/politiquespubliques/page/Collection-politiques-publiques-et-sante.aspx)
Brief submitted for public consultations on The green paper for a Québec agri-food policy
6
General content
Social, economic and legal environments
Scope and evolution of injuries
Major risk factors and vulnerable groups
Effective interventions and programs
Recommendations to improve farm safety: target groups and specific problems
http://www.inspq.qc.ca/publications/notice.asp?E=p&NumPublication=1302
7
Public Health Approach to Injury Prevention
Define the Problem
Identify Causes and Risk factor
Develop and Test Interventions
Implement Effective
Interventions
8
Public health approach(principles)
#1 Actions targeting various factors: human factors, technological factors, environmental factors (physical, economical and socio-legal)
#2 Mixed strategies: Education, Engineering and Public Policy (laws and regulations)
#3 Supports measures affecting the environment and technology rather than individual behavior
Difficulty in changing behavior, often temporary effect
Permanent solution that is on every one
Education is necessary but insufficient
9
Methodology
Data Analysis
Literature review
Validation by a support committee
10
Scope of the problem
Death rates due to farm-related injuries, by age groups, with and without FTE Correction, Québec, 1994-2007
11
15 à 19 20 à 29 30 à 39 40 à 49 50 à 59 60 à 69 70 à 79 80 et + 1
50
5
11
1216
2548
100125
6
14
1114
25
52
109136Décès
Décès (ETC)
Age Group
Ra
te b
y 1
00
00
0 p
ers
on
s
DeathDeath(FTE)
60 to 6930 to 3915 to 19 80 and +50 to 5940 to 4920 to 29 70 to 79
Hospitalization rates due to farm-related injuries, by age groups, with and without FTE correction, Québec, 1994-2008
12
15 à 19 20 à 29 30 à 39 40 à 49 50 à 59 60 à 69 70 à 79 80 et + 50
97
167
190 170191
281
686
1506
123
212
174154
192
307
748
1642Hospitalisations
Age Group
Ra
te b
y 1
00
00
0 p
ers
on
s
60 to 6930 to 3915 to 19
Hospitalizations
80 and +50 to 5940 to 4920 to 29 70 to 79
Hospitalizations (FTE)
Incidence rate of occupational injuries recognized by the CSST among farm workers, Quebec, 2006
13
15 to 24 25 to 39 40 to 49 50 to 59 60 and older0
10
20
30
Age group
Inc
ide
nc
e r
ate
of
oc
cu
pa
tio
na
l in
juri
es
re
co
gn
ize
d b
y t
he
CS
ST
Incidence rate of occupational injuries recognized by the CSST among farm workers, FTE correction, Quebec, 2006
14
Overall farm workers:21 injuries by 1 000 FTE-workers
15 to 24 25 to 39 40 to 49 50 to 59 60 and older0
10
20
30
Age group
Inc
ide
nc
e r
ate
of
oc
cu
pa
tio
na
l in
juri
es
re
co
gn
ize
d b
y t
he
CS
ST
Distribution of occupational injuries recognized by the CSST among farm workers, aged 15 to 24 years, Quebec, 2006
15
Cause of the injury Nature of Injury
Machine-related; 35,1%
Animal-related; 23.8%
Hand tools; 12.6%
Others; 28,5%
Fractures; 18%
Injuries to muscles, tendons, etc.; 16%
Open wounds; 25%
Contusions; 27%
Others; 14%
Number of positions filled by temporary foreign workers in agriculture, Quebec, 2003-2012
16
Positions filled by FERME
Incidence rate of occupational injuries recognized by the CSST among farm workers, Québec, 2006 (2010 estimation)
17
15-24 ans 25-39 ans 40-49 ans 50-59 ans 60 ans et +0
10
20
30
16 15
9
7
3
16
Inc
ide
nc
e r
ate
of
oc
cu
pa
tio
na
l in
juri
es
re
-c
og
niz
ed
by
th
e C
SS
T
Migrants
Overall farm workers :10 injuries by 1 000 workers
•Risk 1.6 times higher compares with all workers
60 and +50 to 5940 to 4925 to 3915 to 24
Age Group
Incidence rate of occupational injuries recognized by the CSST among farm workers, Québec, 2006 (2013 estimation)
18
15-24 ans 25-39 ans 40-49 ans 50-59 ans 60 ans et +0
10
20
30
19
27
20
18
12
16
Inc
ide
nc
e r
ate
of
oc
cu
pa
tio
na
l in
juri
es
re
-c
og
niz
ed
by
th
e C
SS
T
Migrants
Overall farm workers :21 injuries by 1 000 workers
•Risk 0.76 times compares with all workers
60 and +50 to 5940 to 4925 to 3915 to 24
Age Group
15-24 ans 25-39 ans 40-49 ans 50-59 ans 60 ans et +0
10
20
30
24 24
18 18
13
16
Inc
ide
nc
e r
ate
of
oc
cu
pa
tio
na
l in
juri
es
re
-c
og
niz
ed
by
th
e C
SS
TIncidence rate of occupational injuries recognized by the CSST among farm workers, FTE correction, Québec, 2006 (2013 estimation)
19Migrants
Overall farm workers :21 injuries by 1 000 FTE-workers
•Risk 0.76 times compares with all workers
•Average stay of 21 weeks in Québec
60 and +50 to 5940 to 4925 to 3915 to 24
Age Group
Risk factors
20
Specific to young workers
Lack of experience
Risk taking
Spécifiques aux travailleurs migrants/immigrants
Barrière linguistique
Méconnaissance des droits
Risk factors
21
Spécifiques aux jeunes travailleurs
Manque d’expérience
Prise de risque élevée
Specific to migrant workers
Language and cultural barriers
Lack of knowledge about their legal rights
Relationship of dependency with respect to employment, and in relation to the employer (high risk taking, under-reporting of injuries)
22
Solutions
23
Preventive measures: young workers
No evaluations published in the literature. No specific measures identified.
Measures associated with specific mechanisms (tractor and other machinery, falls ...) apply
Vocational training: an opportunity
24
Preventive measures: migrant workers
No evaluations published in the literature. No specific measures identified.
Measures associated with specific mechanisms (tractor and other machinery, falls ...) apply
Rights information = promising avenues
25
Recommendations
26
Recommendation 10
26
In the spirit of recommendation 24 in the Pronovost Commission’s report (2008) and in cooperation with its partners (UPA, CSSST, FERME, TUAC, AGRIcarrières), the MAPAQ should enhance intake mechanisms for migrant workers and develop tools to help employers fulfil their responsibilities as outlined in section 51 of the Act respecting occupational health and safety
27
Recommendation 13
27
The MELS and the CSST and their main partners in vocational and technical education (Fédération des Cégeps, vocational training centers, MAPAQ, UPA, AGRIcarrières) should ensure that training programs accord a preponderant place to injury prevention.
o These programs should include a practical component, focus on the the development of safe work practices, propose principles of safe management of work and identify the strengths and limitations of various prevention strategies (elimination at source, administrative measures, limiting the access to dangerous areas, use of protective equipment, etc.).
o These programs should include safety considerations of people who live in, or visit the farm.
28
Recommendation 1
28
Develop a farm-injury prevention program for Québec’s agricultural industry under the leadership of a government body.
o This recommendation include access to better and valid data
29
Thank youwww.inspq.qc.ca