Publishing Research Outcomes

Publishing ResearchOutcomes

Bruce Gnade, Ph.D.University of Texas

Touradj Solouki, Ph.D.Baylor University

Peer-Reviewed Publications

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Importance of Publication

“The research backgrounds of the two investigators are fine. However, I don't see any previous study on the hydro seismic area. Generally, their publication records are weak.”


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Writing Successful Manuscripts

•Thinking ahead during research•Selecting a journal•Understanding the publication

process•Writing the manuscript•Submitting the manuscript•Responding to reviews•Publication•Avoiding common errors


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Thinking Ahead During Research

•Where will I publish these results?

•How many papers will I publish with these data?

•To which journals will I submit these data?

•Who will be my co-authors? (Working in lab groups or in teams across disciplines and institutions distributes this workload efficiently)


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Thinking Ahead During Research

•What information will I need to collect during research in order to produce a publication? methods field maps sample size background information


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Patent Before Publishing

www.dep.anl.gov/postdocs/resources/postdoc_presentations/elsie.pdf


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High-Impact Journals


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Choosing Subject Area


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Ranked Results


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Journal Impact Factor


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Example of Calculation


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Top Journals in Chemistry


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Top Journals in Biology


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Materials Research


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Agricultural Sciences


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Environmental Science


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Selecting a Journal

•Read voraciously•What types of articles does the journal

publish? Methods papers Regional applications Fundamental advances Large data sets Mathematical modeling Review Article

•Analyze the journal’s habits


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Selecting a Journal

•Read the editorial policy•Example,

Geochimca et Cosmochimica Acta


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CSTE Editorial Description


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Oncology Nursing Forum


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Publication Process

Actions taken on a paper submitted February 4, 2008


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Publication Process

•Submission•Acceptance of submission•Reviews submitted

Accepted for publication as written Accepted if revised Rejected

•Response to reviews•Re-submission of edited manuscript


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Ethics

•The words and figures and data must be original work

•Data can be re-used with proper citation•Authors should make a substantive

contribution to the paper•Authors should be added or dropped with

full disclosure•Data must be fully and truthfully reported•Errors must be fully and truthfully reported


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Plagiarism Screening

Source: iThenticate.com


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Plagiarism Screening

Source: iThenticate.com


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Title and Authorship

•Who can be an author?•Responsibilities of first author

ownership submission and communications


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Criteria for Authorship“Authorship credit should be based on1) substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data;

2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and

3) final approval of the version to be published.

Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, and 3.”Source: www.icmje.org/ethical_1author.html


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Abstract

264 Words

What was measured

What we learned

Why it’s important


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Abstract

•What was done?•What were the specific results?•What are the significant conclusion?

Specificdetails

Generalsignificance


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Introduction


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Introduction

•Cite the relevant general literature

•Narrow the focus to your topic

•Explain why your research is interesting

•State briefly what research was done


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Introduction: Last Paragraph

What samples collected

What was measured

Why? What resultsdid we hope to achieve?


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Background

•What does the reader need to understand about the previous results?

•What previous results will you refer to in your interpretations?

• If it doesn’t help your reader or help your argument, eliminate it.


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Methods

•Where were samples collected?

•What were the conditions under which they were taken?

•What were the analytical or experimental procedures?

•How were the analytical errors measured?

•How big were the errors?


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Methods

Cite the methods of other researchers wherever relevant


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Results

•Data only—not interpretations

•Show patterns

•Show sample locations

•Discuss errors

•Label axes


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Label Clearly


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Indicate Analytical Error


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Tell A Story


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Plan for Black and White Printing


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Use High-resolution Graphics

http://lilt.ilstu.edu/gmklass/pos138/datadisplay/badchart.htm


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Effectively Illustrate Comparisons



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Minimize Ink to Data Ratio


High Ink:Data Low Ink:Data


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Every Detail Matters

“One more issue bothers me. The authors show ‘square’ piers in their figures. Almost all the experiments in the literature work with cylindrical piers, even the literature discussed in the proposal. In order to compare the results of this research with the bulk of previous research in this area of study, cylindrical piers should be used in the experiment and modeled in the simulation.”


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Format Tables Clearly


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Format Tables Clearly


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Organize to Clarify Data


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Clarify Complex Relationships


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Discussion

•Explain the results•Refer to information in the background

section•Discuss alternative interpretations•Discuss the limits of your interpretation•Discuss additional work that would support

or refute your interpretation•Discuss the relevance to previous research


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Conclusion

•Explain the broader significance

•Review the main conclusions

•Offer more speculative interpretations (cautiously)

•Point to the direction of future research


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Acknowledgments

•Funding sources (include grant number)

•Reviewers (anonymous or by name)

•Colleagues who helped

•Laboratory technicians

•Family or friends (not usual, but sometimes done)


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Acknowledgments


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References Cited

•Follow the journal’s format•List only references cited


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Appendices (optional)

•Detailed methodology•Data tables•Algorithms•Other useful detail not required in main

text•Check the journal’s guidelines•May be electronic or printed


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Figures and Captions

•Figures should be numbered in the order that they appear in the text

•Figure captions should only explain the figure content (all interpretations and discussion should be in the text)

•Figures will usually be reduced in size when printed

•Figures will usually be printed in grey tones unless you pay for color


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Cite Other Data Sources


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Format and File Types

•Read the journal guidelines carefully and early


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Manuscript Formatting


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Standard Manuscript Format


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Published Journal Format


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Letter to the Editor


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Letter to the Editor


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Letter: 1st Paragraph


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Letter: 2nd Paragraph


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Letter: Citations


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Letter: Suggested Reviewers


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Response to Review Comments


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Response to Review Comment

•Respond to each comment•Be respectful•Respond fully•Explain in detail


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Publication

•Determine how many reprints that you want

•Communicate clearly with your co-authors

•Obtain and distribute PDF copies to co-authors

•Quickly respond to any last-minute requests by the editor


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Avoid Common Mistakes

•Read and follow all formatting guidelines•Be sure the journal is suitable for the

research•Keep in good communications with co-

authors•Keep the paper clearly organized and

place information in the correct location•Be sure you know the existing research

and cite it correctly

Documents

Publishing Research Outcomes