Pumps
Third Edition
Reference Guide
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First Edition, September 1993Second Edition, 1999Third Edition, 2001
Written by:Gordon S. BolegohCoordinator
Industrial Business Market TechnologyTechnology Services DepartmentEnergy Management MarketingEnergy Services and Environment Group
Neither Ontario Power Generation, nor any person acting on itsbehalf, assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or fordamages resulting from the use of, any information, equipment,product, method or process disclosed in this guide.
Printed in Canada
1993, 1999, 2001 Ontario Power Generation
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PUMPSReference Guide
Third Edition
B E A P O W E R S A V E R *
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INTRODUCTION..................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1: CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS ...............................................3
Kinetic Pumps...............................................................................5
Centrifugal Pumps ........................................................................6
Turbine Pumps (Regenerative) ........................................................9
Special Pumps ............................................................................10
Positive Displacement Pumps.....................................................15
Rotary Pumps .............................................................................15
Reciprocating Pumps....................................................................23
Blow Case Pump.........................................................................26
Open Screw Pump ......................................................................26
CHAPTER 2: CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS:PRINCIPLES, COMPONENTS, PERFORMANCE .........................................29
Operating Principles ...................................................................29
Centrifugal Pump Classifications and Sub-divisions ..................34
Centrifugal Pump Components ..................................................35
Casing .......................................................................................35
Impellers ....................................................................................36
Wearing Rings ............................................................................44
Shafts and Shaft Sleeves .............................................................46
Stuffing Box................................................................................49
Mechanical Seals ........................................................................49
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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
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ii
Bearings .....................................................................................57
Centrifugal Pump Performance...................................................59
Pump Rating Curves....................................................................59
Pump System Curves ...................................................................62
Centrifugal Pump Applications...................................................76
CHAPTER 3: ROTARY PUMPS:PRINCIPLES, COMPONENTS, PERFORMANCE .........................................79
Operating Principles ...................................................................80
Components of a Rotary Pump ..................................................80
Pumping Chamber ......................................................................81
Body ..........................................................................................81
Endplates ...................................................................................81
Rotating Assembly .......................................................................81
Seals ..........................................................................................81
Bearings .....................................................................................82
Timing Gears..............................................................................82
Relief Valve ................................................................................82
Rotary Pump Performance ..........................................................83
Rotary Pump Applications ..........................................................91
CHAPTER 4: RECIPROCATING PUMPS:PRINCIPLES, COMPONENTS, PERFORMANCE .........................................93
Operating Principles ...................................................................93
Components of a Power Pump ...................................................97
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
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Liquid End..................................................................................97
Power End ..................................................................................99
Reciprocating Pump Performance .............................................102
Main Terms ..............................................................................102
Reciprocating Pump Applications .............................................108
CHAPTER 5: TIPS: INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND PROBLEMTROUBLESHOOTING OF PUMPS .........................................................111
Alignment of Shafts ..................................................................111
Couplings .................................................................................111
Belts and Sheaves .....................................................................115
Water Hammer .........................................................................118
Minimum Flow Limitation in Centrifugal Pumps.....................120
Troubleshooting Pump Problems..............................................121
Centrifugal Pump ......................................................................121
Rotary Pump .............................................................................124
Reciprocating Pump ...................................................................126
APPENDIX ......................................................................................131
GLOSSARY OF TERMS......................................................................135
BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................143
INDEX ...........................................................................................145
ENERGY SERVICES FIELD OFFICES .....................................................147
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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
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1. Classification of Pumps.............................................................42. Approximate Upper Performance Limits
of Pump Types ..........................................................................53. Centrifugal Pump ......................................................................64. Radial Flow ...............................................................................75. Mixed Flow ...............................................................................86. Axial Flow .................................................................................87. Turbine Pump ...........................................................................98. Viscous Drag Pump .................................................................109. Screw Centrifugal Pump .........................................................12
10. Rotating Casing Pump.............................................................1211. Vortex Pump ...........................................................................1412. Sliding Vane Pump ..................................................................1613. Axial Piston Pump ...................................................................1714. Flexible Tube Pump.................................................................1815. Single Lobe Pump....................................................................1916. External Gear Pump ................................................................1917. Circumferential Piston Pump ..................................................2018. Single Screw Pump (Progressive Cavity) .................................2119. Screw and Wheel Pump ..........................................................2220. Two Screw Pump....................................................................2221. Horizontal Double Acting Piston Power Pump.......................2522. Diaphragm Pump ....................................................................2523. Blow Case Pump .....................................................................2724. Conventional Screw Pump......................................................2725. Liquid Flow Direction .............................................................3026. Typical Centrifugal Pump Casing ...........................................32
L I S T O F F I G U R E S
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27. Volute Casing..........................................................................3328. Diffusion Vane Casing ............................................................3329. Axially Split Casing.................................................................3630. Ra
