PurFAT Technical Ppt

Welcome

PurFATMaking your feed 100%

LACTATION CURVELACTATION CURVEConcern for Nutritionist

& Dairy Farmers

Energy required for Involution of uterus

Negative Energy Balance



Sign – Ribs become prominent

Sign – Ribs become prominent

POOR BODY SCORE CONDITION

• BCS at calving– < 2.75 reduced milk yield– > 3.25 reduced milk yield– Penn State & Cornell research shows cows with a BCS

>3.25 at calving produce 2.3 Kg less milk each day than cows with lower BCS during the first 30 days of lactation

• BCS change after calving– Decrease of 1 BCS unit increase of 423 Kg milk in 305-d

lactation– Body reserves essential to support milk production

Waltner et al., 1993

Pedron et al., 1993

BCS and Milk Production

• Negative energy balance is common for high-producing cows in early lactation– Mobilized body fat is used to produce milk

• 1 Kg of mobilized fat = 7 Kg of milk

• Our goal is to minimize weight loss by encouraging intake of– High quality, highly palatable forage dry matter at

1.8 to 2.0% of body weight daily – High energy density ration - PurFAT, the quantity

being gradually increased over the first 100 days of lactation

BCS and High Producers

• Recommended Score: 3.25 to 3.75

• Nutritional Objective:– Cows calve with adequate,

but not excessive, body-fat reserves

BCS at Calving

• BCS < 3.25 – Too little energy provided

in late lactation or dry period

– Risk low milk production• Especially if ration is not

balanced or not palatable

• BCS > 3.75 – Too much energy provided

in late lactation or dry period

– Separate dry cows from milking herd

– Feed low-energy ration balanced for protein, minerals, and vitamins

– Niacin may help• Reduce ketosis• Increase fat mobilization• Increase appetite

Red Flags – Calving


• Nutritional Objectives:– Maximize intake of a high-

energy ration – Minimize body condition loss

and offset negative energy balance

– Ration must contain enough protein to support high milk production

BCS in Early Lactation

• BCS < 2.75 and low milk production – Too little energy provided

in ration

• High producers may drop below 2.75, but condition must be regained to prevent reproductive problems

• BCS > 3.25 – Too little protein provided

in ration to support milk production

– Check intake of water, minerals, and vitamins

Red Flags – Early Lactation


• Nutritional Objectives:– Maximize intake of a high-

energy ration – Minimize body condition loss

and offset negative energy balance

– Ration must contain enough protein to support high milk production

BCS at Peak Milk Yield

• BCS < 2.5 and low milk production – Too little energy provided in

ration

• BCS > 3.25 – Too little protein provided in

ration– Check intake of water,

minerals, and vitamins

Red Flags – Peak Lactation


• Nutritional Objectives: – Maintain body condition– Begin to gain condition for

maximum milk production– Avoid excessive body

weight gain

BCS in Mid Lactation

• BCS < 2.75 – Too little energy provided

in ration– Problem probably began in

early lactation

• BCS > 3.25 – Reduce energy intake to

avoid over conditioning

Red Flags – Mid Lactation


• Nutritional Objectives:– Replenish body reserves

to prepare for next lactation

– Avoid over conditioning

BCS in Late Lactation

• BCS < 3.0 – Too little energy provided in

ration– Problems likely began earlier

in the lactation


in ration– Also may result from

extended calving intervals

Red Flags – Late Lactation


• Nutritional Objectives: – Prepare for next lactation– Maintain condition through

dry period – do not lose, especially if cows enter dry period fat

– Avoid over conditioning by feeding low-energy ration with adequate protein, minerals, and vitamins

BCS at Dry Off

• BCS < 3.25 – Too little energy provided in

ration– Problems likely began earlier

in the lactation


in ration– Also may result from

extended calving intervals– Avoid BCS loss in dry period

Red Flags – Dry Cows

WHY TO USE ENERGYWHY TO USE ENERGY??An excessive loss of weight during the first 100 days of lactation gives rise to a series of problems, of which the following can be highlighted:

• FALL IN MILK PRODUCTION after the lactation peak

• FERTILITY DISORDERS: lowering conception rate

• High risk of suffering METABOLIC DISEASES (KETOSISKETOSIS)

• POOR BODY CONDITION SCORE by high energy requirements for milk production

3

2

1

INCREASE ENERGY DENSITY IN THE OVERALLRATION OR IN THE CONENTRATE

INCREASE CONCENTRATES AMOUNT IN FEED

INCREASE DRY MATTER CONSUMPTION

STRATEGIES TO INCREASE ENERGY STRATEGIES TO INCREASE ENERGY CONTENTCONTENT

Disadvantage

To increase the dry matter To increase the dry matter consumptionconsumption

During the first two months of lactation the animal’s ingestion capacity is limited by:

1. Space occupied by the reproductive system2. Hormonal change related with calving 3. Adaptation lack of rumen bacteria to new diet

To increase the proportion of concentrates in the ration

• Disadvantage: Acidosis

Cereals Propionic

acid in

rumen

Rumen

pH

decrease

s

Lowers fibre digestion

Ruminal

ACIDOSI

S

↓ % fat

milk

↓ appetite

↓

production

Consequently, the incorporation of large amounts of concentrates in the total ration of ruminants should

be limited to 50%-60% of the total amount of dry matter, the rest of the feed being forage.

Otherwise, we can give rise to:

*Ruminal acidosis*Reduced acetic/propionic ratio*Loss of appetite*Fall in milk production*Lower fat content in milk

Recommendations:

Forage:Concentrates = 40:60

Non-fibrous carbohydrates = 35-40%

Disadvantage of increasing Energy density in Ration

Disadvantage:- Physical coating of fibre- Toxic effect on cellulolytic flora- Physical coating of microorganisms,

reducing the superficial active enzymes- Reduction in the absorption of cations

Recommendations:The NRC recommends adding a minimum of fat to the ration, equivalent to 3% of the total dry substance ingested by a cow per day (if it eats 21 kg of DS = 21x3/100 = 0.63 kg), but limiting the fat to a maximum of 5% (21x5/100 = 1.05 kg) in order to avoid a mibrobic flora unbalance in the belly.

INCREASING FAT LEVEL IN RATION(2.25 times more energy than cereals)

EFFECT OF FAT ON THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF

RUMINANTS

Animal Fat

Lard Oil

Veg. Fat

CONSEQUENCECONSEQUENCE

NECESSITY OF ENERGY WITHOUT ALTERING NECESSITY OF ENERGY WITHOUT ALTERING RUMEN FERMENTATIONS AND RUMINAL RUMEN FERMENTATIONS AND RUMINAL

MICRO ORGANISMSMICRO ORGANISMS

USE OFUSE OF

BY BY –– PASS FATS PASS FATS

Choose your ByPass Fat cautiously??...

1st Generation Bypass Fat

2nd Generation Bypass Fat

3rd Generation Bypass Fat

1st Generation ByPass Fat – Obsolete Technology (Not in use)

2nd Generation ByPass Fat – Old Technology (Most Widely used)

3rd Generation ByPass Fat – New Technology (Recently launched)

• Normally known as CALCIUM SOAPS

• These are formed by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids jointed to calcium ions to form salts

• Their protection mechanism is based on the acidity of the level, which is named pH.

• It is made from a chemical reaction of saponification

Fatty Acid + Calcium

• Normally known as CALCIUM SOAPS

• These are formed by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids jointed to calcium ions to form salts

• Their protection mechanism is based on the acidity of the level, which is named pH.

• It is made from a chemical reaction of saponification

Fatty Acid + Calcium

FATTY ACID CALCIUM SALTS

2nd Generation Bypass Fat

SALT

Challenges: 2nd Generation Bypass Fat

• Only 84% of Gross Fat• C16:0 Palmitic acid = only 44% so less butter fat %• Poor palatability – b’coz of detergent like smell• Chances of Low fertility index due to low Stearic acid (only 5%)• High level in Duodenum due to over feeding may depress DMI• Uneven physical texture• High Ashes content = 12.5% • Only 75-80% free fatty acids improve energy density• ME in DM = 33.9 MJ/Kg only• Degraded in Rumen by 8.8% for retention time of 20 hrs in

rumen (ref: Wallace, 1994 )

PurFAT – The 3rd Generation ByPass Fat

• PurFAT - Palm fatty acids are hydrogenated to raise the melting point to 50-55ºC. Because rumen temperature is well below this it remains solid in the rumen and passes through inert without affecting fibre digestion, rumen fermentation or acidity.

• Digestibility is high because there is no chemical protection to overcome after the rumen and there is no adverse affect on feed intake.

Advantages: PurFAT – The 3rd Generation ByPass Fat

• 100% of Gross Fat• C16:0 Palmitic acid = 49% so more butter fat %• Better palatability – no detergent like smell• Very high fertility index due to high Stearic acid (45%)• High level in Duodenum due to over feeding may depress

DMI• Even physical texture• Ashes content = 0% • 95% free fatty acids improve energy density• ME in DM = 39.0 MJ/Kg only• 0% degradation in Rumen for retention time of 48 hrs in

rumen (ref: Dr Mu, Institute of Animal Sc, Israel )

Composition Ca based By Pass Fat PurFAT

Gross Fat % 84 100

ME (MJ/Kg) 33.9 39

C:16 (Palmitic acid) % 44 49

C:18 (Stearic acid) % 5 45

Ashes % 12.5 0

Free Fatty Acids % 75-80 95

Rumen degradation in 48 hrs %

9-15 0

PurFAT

PurFAT Vs Triglycerides

• Fat sources that are comprised of triglyceride have less gross energy than one that is pure fatty acids. This is because triglycerides are composed of 10% glycerol; this molecule links three fatty acids to form the triglyceride. Glycerol is a carbohydrate, which has less gross energy than fatty acids and ‘dilutes’ the concentration of total gross energy. PurFAT is composed of 95% fatty acids will therefore have a higher gross energy than a product that is triglyceride.

CBR: PurFAT – The 3rd Generation ByPass Fat

Per Head/day 595 g Ca Soap

500 g PurFAT

Cost of added FAT 22.3 p 25.5 p

Extra payment for milk & fat 32.0 p 49.0 p

Net Gain 9.7 p 23.5 p

R.O.I1.44 : 1 1.92 : 1

Avitech Nutrition Pvt LtdGP-37, UDYOG VIHAR, SECTOR-18, GURGAON, HARYANA, INDIA.

[email protected]

Documents

PurFAT Technical Ppt