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Workshop

Putting Science into Standards: Power-to-Hydrogen and HCNG

Session 2: Injection/Admixture of H2 to the NG grid: compatibility, interoperability and safety

Standardization: Jacques Dubost Corporate Standardization Coordinator

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• Introduction

• Pre-normative research and co-normative research conducted in France:

• Althytude Research project

• GRHYD Demonstration project

• Standardization activities

• Issues to be addressed

Overview

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French research project Althytude (ALTernative HYdrogène dans les Transports Urbains à DunkerquE) 2005-2010)

Supported by ADEME

(French Agency : Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie)

Leader : GDF SUEZ Research & Technologies Division

Partnership with Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque

Experience with Hythane® fuel on 2 NGV city buses

Hythane® = 80 % natural gas + 20 % H2

Results : simple adaptation of vehicles and infrastructure, better combustion, better technical performance, increased energy efficiency (+7 %), more pleasant driving as assessed by bus drivers.

The project also helped to modify French technical regulations.

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GRHYD Demonstration project (GRid Management by HYDrogen Injection for Reducing Carbon Energies)

Supported by and by In the framework of the Investments for the Future program Following a call « Appel à Manifestations d’Intérêt » on « hydrogen and fuel cells » managed by ADEME for the French State, the GRHYD project encompasses hydrogen injection into a natural gas grid and production of Hythane® fuel (composed of hydrogen and natural gas, was accepted end of 2012, and officialy launched on 30 january 2014. Its aim : to transform electricity from renewables into hydrogen (when production exceeds demand of electricity), so as to make a valuable use of it through natural gas uses (heating, hot water, fuel, ….)

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GHRYD Partners

GRHYD involves12 partners : Crigen, R&D Division of GDF SUEZ (Project leader)

AREVA H2 & energy storage (PEM electrolysers)

CETH2 (PEM electrolysers)

McPhy Energy (H2 solid storage)

COFELY INEO (mixing station)

GNVERT (Hythane® fuelling station)

CEA (coupling electricity/H2 production/storage, software, testing of materials),

CETIAT (technical center for testing of appliances)

INERIS (institute for safety)

GrDF (distribution network operator)

STDE (urban tranportation)

Dunkerque Grand Littoral (community)

Total budget : 15,3 M€

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GHRYD demonstration in new district

A project to inject hydrogen in a natural gas distribution network. 200 dwellings will be supplied by a mixture of hydrogen and natural gas,

with hydrogen/natural gas ratio varying up to 20 % (vol). OBJECTIVES Technical feasibility study : Safety is a key point. Measure of performance of « green » hydrogen production & storage Variation of the mixture from 6 % to 20 % Assessment of social acceptability, economical and environmental results

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GRHYD : Hythane® demonstration for buses

OBJECTIVES Technical and economical analysis of Hythane® fuel supply for a fleet of

natural gas buses Impact evaluation of 6% and 20% H2 fuel and associated procedures for

long term. Deployment of the solution in a sustainable economical model

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Standardization activities

A number of Technical Committees have either a direct interest or a contribution to provide.

They are: at European level and at international level

EN standards although limited to EU+EFTA+TR have a stronger impact than international standards (no conflicting national standards in CEN member states vs. competing standards in the US).

-> Use of Vienna Agreement leading to publication of same document as ISO and as EN ISO

Some European standards were/are being developed under standardization Mandates given by the European Commission.

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CEN/TC 234 Gas infrastructure

Functional recommendations for gas infrastructure (from transmission to domestic installations, incl. storage, compression, metering, pressure reduction, distribution).

EC Mandate M400, with two phases

1. Testing of gas appliances (research and tests performed by GASQUAL consortium under supervision of CEN/BT WG 197 Gas Quality)

2. Development of an EN standard (task given to CEN/TC 234)

CEN/TC 234/WG 11 elaborates prEN 16726 Gas infrastructure — Quality of gas — Group H.

The issue of maximum H2 content (except as H2S carbonyle sulfur : 5 mg/m3) has been discussed, but is currently viewed as premature .

CEN Enquiry completed. Treatment of comments will begin 2014-11-18

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CEN/TC 408

Set up in answer to EC Mandate M475, Standards for biomethane for use in transport & injection in natural gas pipelines, asking for elaboration of:

a) A European Standard for a quality specification for biomethane to be used as a fuel for vehicle engines,

b) European deliverables such as Technical Standards or European Standards for quality specification for biomethane to be injected in natural gas pipelines.

Note Mandate M475 is linked to Mandate M400.

Scope : later extended to include CNG as a fuel, through CEN/BT resolution

CEN enquiry on prEN 16723-2 and prEN 16723-1 completed.

First meeting to deal with comments received : 2014-10-09 & 10

The issue of maximum H2 content , not (yet) addressed within M400, has been discussed, and is also currently viewed as premature.

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CEN/TC 238 Test gases, test pressures, appliance categories

In charge of EN 437 Test gases - test pressures - appliance categories

Reference document in the specific standards for appliances that fall within the scope of the Gas Appliance Directive (GAD)

1. Classifies distributed gases into families and groups, depending on Wobbe index range

2. Specifies test gases, test pressures and appliances categories for gas families and groups, as declared by Member states and published in the OJEU.

Currently, for H gas group, one of the test gases (light back limit gas) G222 (CH4 = 77 % + H2 = 23 %) is used.

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For town/manufactured gases, group a, reference gas G110 contains 50 % H2 (G110 also used as incomplete combustion, flame lift and sooting limit gas) and G112 lightback limit gas 59 % H2.

Current edition : EN 437:2003+ A1:2009

Changes linked to prEN 16726 and inclusion of H2 content will lead to review (and possibly modification) of test gases.

CEN/TC 238 Test gases, test pressures, appliance categories

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ISO/TC 193 Natural gas • ISO/TC 193 develops international standards for natural gas and natural gas

substitutes (gaseous fuels) in all its facets from production to delivery to all possible end users across national boundaries. These standards include terminology, quality specifications, methods of measurement, sampling, analysis and calculation and tests.

• Most analytical methods are currently validated only with low levels of H2. e.g. in the ISO 6974 series, Natural gas — Determination of composition with

defined uncertainty by gas chromatography, applicable range is below 0,5 % H2.

– ISO 6974-3 Part 3: Determination of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons up to C8 using two packed columns

– ISO 6974-6 Part 6: Determination of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons up to C8 using three capillary columns.

• But : Resolution 10/2013: Adoption of Standards for Analysis ISO/TC 193, noting the expected change in natural gas composition including

oxygen content up to 1 % and hydrogen content up to 10 %, requests SC1 to consider the need for adaptation of the analysis standards to address this change.

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ISO/TC 22 Road vehicles/SC 25Vehicles using gaseous fuels • close links with Working Party WP.29 “World Forum for Harmonization of

Vehicle Regulations” created by UN / ECE

• ISO 15500 (20 parts) Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components does not mention hydrogen

• ISO 16380:2014 Road vehicles - Blended fuels refuelling connector is applicable to mixtures of hydrogen 2-30 % in volume and compressed natural gas containing: • natural gas in accordance with ISO 15403-1 and ISO 15403-2; • pure hydrogen in accordance with ISO 14687-1 or ISO/TS 14687-2.

• ISO 12619 (3 parts): 2014 Road vehicles — Compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH2) and hydrogen/natural gas blend fuel system components defines hydrogen/natural gas blends as mixture of natural gas and more than 2 % by volume of hydrogen and not pure hydrogen as per ISO 14687-1 or ISO 14687-2. Natural gas industry’s input was deemed negligible.

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ISO/TC 197 Hydrogen technologies

• Among published standards, one deals with natural gas/H2 blends:

• ISO/TS 15869:2009 Gaseous hydrogen and hydrogen blends - Land vehicle fuel tanks

• 2 % H2 also mentioned.

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ISO/PC 252 Natural gas fuelling stations for vehicles

ISO/DIS 16923 Natural gas fuelling stations -- CNG stations for fuelling vehicles

ISO/DIS 16924 Natural gas fuelling stations -- LNG stations for fuelling vehicles

Decision taken for new DIS ballots

CEN/TC 326 Gas supply for Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV) reactivated.

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ISO/TC 192 Gas turbines

• H2 clearly mentioned as requiring specific attention for safety, in ISO 3977-4 Gas turbines — Procurement — Part 4: Fuels and environment

• But: no limit value is given for H2/natural gas ratio.

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Specific natural gas industry outlook as highlighted in ISO/TR 15403-2:2006 Natural gas - Natural gas for use as a compressed fuel for vehicles - Part 2 : specification of the quality

In 2000, ISO 15403, Natural gas — Designation of the quality of natural gas for use as a compressed fuel for vehicles, was published.

• The word “designation” was used in the title as no range of values, or limits could be stated as specifications or requirements for natural gas components in quality standards. This issue was solved during development of ISO 13686, Natural gas — Quality designation, which pertains to natural gas as supplied through transmission and distribution piping systems. The rationale for this stance is that, since natural gas is a natural product and does not need sophisticated processing such as applied to crude oil, it is not possible to specify an exact gas quality. This is especially applicable to natural gas engines as enabled by precise fractionating in crude oil distillation (petrol/diesel).

• During the review of ISO/CD 15403-1, comments regarding the need for “specifications” instead of “designation” were received from several countries including NL, SE, US. In addition, the text was circulated to CEN/TC 326, Gas Supply for Natural Gas Vehicles, which concluded that “the actual version is too general and does not help in the matter”.

• Therefore, ISO/TC 193 decided to prepare a Technical Report as ISO/TR 15403-2 to give the existing information on specifications of compressed natural gas.

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What makes it difficult to reach consensus:

• Scientific/technical : Lack of knowledge/experience

• Economic consequences : Depending on choices made, the burden of adapting infrastructure or applications will fall upon different economic actors.

• Development of applications is impacted by costs of meeting specific requirements.

• how to enable development of some applications without putting a burden on other applications?

• how to prevent rewarding the least cooperative behaviors in standardization work?

• Legal/regulatory : Standards have to take into due account all applicable regulations.

Need for arbitrage to solve conflicting requirements from various policy tools.

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Regulatory framework

Policy objectives : • Internal market for gas - 20x20x20 - Resource efficient Europe

Policy tools : Directives / Regulations • Directive 2009/73/EC common rules for the internal market in natural gas ->

Mandate M400 (DG ENER, Unit B2) • Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable

sources -> Mandate M475 (DG ENER, Unit C2) • Directive 98/70/EC on quality of petrol and diesel fuels -> Mandate (DG CLIM) • Directive 2014/xxx/EU on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure ->

draft Mandate (DG MOVE) • Directive 209/125/EC establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign

requirements for energy-related products -> Mandate M495 (DG ENTR) • Commission Regulation (EU) No 813/2013 implementing Directive 2009/125/EC

with regard to ecodesign requirements for space heaters and combination heaters

• Regulation (EU) No 994/2010 concerning measures to safeguard security of gas supply

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