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Introduction

COMPRESS is an interactive program which is used for design new pressure vessel or estimate safety in future for existing vessel.

COMPRESS task is to design or rate pressure vessel & heat exchangers as much as possible using industry standard methods.

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pressure vessel

Codes used ………ASME Code

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Wind Codes NBC Wind Code

UBC Wind Code

ASCE Wind Code

IBC 2000 Wind Code

User Defined Wind Code

The wind force coefficient for asmooth cylinder is 0.60, while thecoefficient for a vessel is normallytaken as 0.80.

Wind Force Coefficient (Cf)

Basic Wind SpeedEach geographic location has abasic wind speed as shownon the basic wind speed map.

Exposure A,B,C,D

Exposure ALarge city centers with a least 50% of the buildings havinga height in excess of 70 feet.

Exposure BUrban and suburban areas, wooded areas, or other terrainwith numerous closely spaced obstructions.

Exposure C

Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heightgenerally less than 30 feet.

Exposure DFlat, unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over large bodies of water.

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Seismic Code

ASCE 7-02, 7-98 Seismic Code

ASCE 7-95, 7-93 Seismic Code

ASCE 7-88 Seismic Code

NBC 1995 - 1990 Seismic Code

UBC 1991 - 1997 Seismic Code

User Defined Seismic Co de

Soil Profile (S1, S2, S3, S4)

S1 is a profile with either rock of any characteristic, either shale-like or crystalline in nature, that has a shear wave velocity greater than 2,500 feet per second

S2A soil profile with deep cohesion less or stiff clay conditions where the soil depth exceeds 200 feet and the soil types overlying rock are stable deposits of sands, gravels, or stiff clays

S3 A soil profile containing 20 to 40 feet in thickness of soft to medium-stiff clays with or without intervening layers of cohesion less soils.

S4 A soil profile characterized by a shear wave velocity of less than 500 feet per second containing more than 40 feet of soft clays or silts.

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Importance Factor (I)COMPRESS will take defaults value of 1.

Foundation Factor (F)COMPRESS will take defaults value of F=1.5

Force Modification Factor (R)suggested value of R = 3

Coefficient RwRecommend values for Rw (Rw Factors for Nonbuilding Structures) is 3 for vessels on legs or 4 if the vessel is skirt supported

Material Menu

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To avoid search through a long list of seldom used materials COMPRESS uses the concept of a user specified "short list". Only materials that have been selected from the full databaselisting are displayed in the short list

Stresses (Material Allowable Stresses)COMPRESS automatically supplies allowable stress values when you enter the material specification and design temperature for a component

Temperature

Specifying the temperature for internal pressure, COMPRESSlooks up the appropriate allowable stress automatically

Gasket Details

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Structural Sections

Structural sections are used for construction of supports, lugs, platforms.

Tips on Designing a VesselStart with the top or left head (this is really important) Design from the top down for towers, left to right for horizontal vessels

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HEAD

HEADCOMPRESS

can design following types of head for vertical as well as horizontal vessel.EllipsoidalTorispherical Hemispherical Dished coverBolted coverWelded cover

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F & D HeadCrown Inner Radius

Crown inner radius is generally taken as inside dia of vessel (0.8 to 1.2 ID of vessel)

Knuckle Inner Radius

knuckle radius = 6 to 10% of the inside crownradius

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Straight flange length

Straight flange length is generally taken as 50 mm

Ellipsoidal Head Head Ratio (D/2h)

In ASME standard ellipsoidal head ratio is 2

Bolted CoverFactor C

For flanges having full face gaskets, the value isC = 0.25

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Cylinder

Cylinder MDMTThe minimum design metal temperature is the lowest operating temperature. In some cases it is minimum ambient temperature

Test

The MAP (maximum allowable pressure -new and cold) is calculated at the testtemperature entered

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Material NormalizedIf a UCS material is normalized, the temperature at which impact testing is required is lower thanwhen the material is not normalized

PWHT Performed

PWHT (post weld heat treatment) is guided by ASME code when the process is done at lowtemperature

PWHT to be performed for carbon steel and lowalloy steel welded vessels if the vessel is to containa lethal substance

Maximize MDMT/No MAWPIf this is checked, then COMPRESS will find the lowest MDMT possible for the component

If the material chosen is a pipe material or if it is aseamless head, it will prompt that no radiography will required

Longitudinal Seam X-Ray

Copy LastThe Copy Last pushbutton automatically duplicates all information from the last similar component (to the left)If a similar component has not yet been added to the vessel, COMPRESS will copy all informationfrom the last component added

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ThicknessCOMPRESS presents a nominal thickness equal to the next commercial thickness equal to or greater than the minimum thickness

NOZZLES

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NOZZLES

TYPES OF NOZZLES:

Type 1 Type 2 Type 4 Type 5

Type 9 Type 10 Type 11 Type 12

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Type 1 = nozzle with no reinforcement

Type 2 = nozzle with reinforcement

Type 4 = nozzle with reinforcement andinternal projection

Type 9 = large neck thickness of nozzle

Type 10 = large neck thickness of nozzle withinternal projection

Type 11 = Reinforcement with bolting

Radial/Perpendicular/HillsideOn heads

Nozzles may be radial, perpendicular or hillsideRadial perpendicular hillside

On cylindersNozzles may be radial, tilted or offset

Tilted = The maximum tilt angle is 60°

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On transitions (conical shape)

Nozzles may be normal, perpendicular or parallel

This is appears when nozzle type is of type 2 or type 4

Pad Material

normal perpendicular parallel

Add ASME B16.5/B16.47 Flange

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The ASME B16.5 flange rating is based on the design temperature and internal pressure of the component towhich the nozzle is attached

Blind / Bolted CoverThe class of the blind flange is matched to theadjoining flange

COMPRESS automatically provides the ID andthe wall thickness for FVC (Forged Vesselconnections) while selecting the class, type and specifying the nominal size

If proper nominal size is not indicated than COMPRESS chooses the flange size based on the nozzle diameter

Offset (L)If the nozzle is located on a cylinder or transition, L is the measured from the datum line to the center line of the nozzle flangeIf the nozzle is located on a head, L is measuredFrom datum line to the face of the nozzle flange

Angle (Theta)This angle refers to the plan view position from thetop/left hand side of the nozzle on the vesselScheme for the angle (theta), 0° at 12 o'clock, 90° at 3 o'clock, 180° at 6 o'clock, and 270° at 9 o'clock

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Distance r (Nozzle on Cylinder)This is the measurement from the vessel longitudinal axis (center of the vessel) to the or nozzle flange face (plan view)

How COMPRESS Ensures Adequate ReinforcementIn Nozzle cross-section screen, the area required and area available are shown at the bottom of the data box and in the details box

Minimum weld sizes are displayed to the right of the input boxes

COMPRESS automatically recalculates the reinforcement requirements each time when a new entry is made

Nozzle with reinforcement

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Only Show Dimensions of Limits of ReinforcementThe limits of reinforcement are indicated by the red dashed box drawn around the opening

Material outside of the red outline will not contributeto the reinforcing area

WRC-107 LoadingsWRC-107 is the Welding Research Council paper 107This paper describes a method to calculate stresses in the vessel resulting from forces and momentsapplied to an attached nozzle

The loads specified are local loads applied to the nozzle (or clip) and are used in determining local stress

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Pr -- Pr is the radial loading on the nozzle

Mc -- Mc is the circumferential moment on the nozzleML -- ML is the longitudinal bending moment on the nozzle

VL -- VL is the longitudinal shear force on the nozzle

Mt -- Mt is the torsion

To define allowable stresses under local stress condition are usually not greater than two thirds of the material yield stress, a design factor of 3.0 is generally recommended

The design factor DOES NOT deal with the issue of stress concentrations at notches and fatigue

Vc -- Vc is the circumferential shear force on the nozzle

Plan View (Nozzle on Head)

This head plan view enables you to quickly assess whether the areas of reinforcement overlap, or whether a nozzle location has been input incorrectly

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LimitsThe limit circle around each opening indicates the radial limit of reinforcement used to determinethe available area of reinforcement

Pad

The circular area filled with blue color illustratesthe current pad diameter input

Dish Radius (80%)The green circle indicates approximately where the knuckle region begins on a head For a 2:1 head, the white circle is called the 80%radius

Body FlangeRadial Load on Flange

COMPRESS calculates the local bending moment and overhead weight and determines an equivalent pressure to use for designing

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When flanges are attach to a conical section without a knuckle or flare radius, the superposition of the discontinuity stresses is required. COMPRESS calculates the discontinuity stresses

Attached ToIf the flange is attach to a cylindrical shell or transition, then COMPRESS considers this "body" flange to be a line of support (bulkhead) for externalpressure calculations

Gasket DataGasket DescriptionIf a predefined gasket is selected then the 'm‘and 'y' values will be set based on the selection

Rigidity Factor

Suggested values for rigidity factor as listed inAppendix S-2(c) are 0.2 for loose type flangesand 0.3 for integral or optional flange types

If there is a rigidity calculations in design modeCOMPRESS calculates the rigidity index. If therigidity index J>1, COMPRESS increases the flangethickness until a value of J<1 is obtained

Rigidity calculations per Appendix S-2 are usefulfor those cases where leakage is concern

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SUPPORTLeg

TYPES OF SUPPORTHORIZONTAL CYLINDER:

Saddle support

VERTICAL CYLINDER:

Leg supportSkirt support

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Legs

Effective Length Coeff. (K)one end guided, one end fixed

(K=1)

one end guided, the other end

hinged (K=2)

A recommended value to use for K is 1.5

COMPRESS will not allow a value for K smaller than 1.0

Stress Coefficient (Cm)COMPRESS defaults at a Cm value of 0.85

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Overall Leg Length

COMPRESS defaults at 36,000 psi (2531 kg/cm )

Elastic Modulus (E)

COMPRESS defaults at 29 x 10^6 psi (2038902 kg/cm )

Yield Stress (Fy)

The length L extends to thebottom of the base plate

Leg Base to Girth Seam Length

Enter the distance L1 from the bottom of the base plate to the head to shell seam

Reduce Leg Eccentricity toCOMPRESS assumes the axial load on the leg issupported at the outside fiber of the leg

COMPRESS will not accept a negative input

Anchor Bolt TypesMetric bolts may be used even if the English system of units is being used by COMPRESS

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Bracing

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Bracing Height (h')

Brace Chord Length (C'1)

Vertical Offset Distance (y')

Height of the leg bracing

Horizontal distance

Distance that the center of gravity of the lower weld or fastener group is elevated from the bottom of the base plate

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Structure Size AvailableCOMPRESS automatically determines the minimum leg size required and highlights it.

Lugs

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Lugs

Lug Allowable Stress

COMPRESS will default to 24,000 psi (1688 kg/cm )

This allowable stress is used when sizing the base plate gussets and top plate

Lug Length (Lt)Length is the distance from the side closest to the vessel to the side farthest from the vessel

Anchor Bolt and Base Plate Design

COMPRESS consider the initial bolt tension

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Saddles

Saddles

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Saddle Distance from Datum (L)This dimension locates the saddles on the vesselwith respect to the datum line

Wear Plate Thickness (tp)It is recommended that the wear plate thicknessshall not exceed the shell plate thickness

Standard Saddle Details

These are the dimensions included in the COMPRESS library which is same as used in the PIP (Process Industry Practices) Standard

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Centered Web/Web at Edge of RibThis switch allows to specify the construction of the saddle with respect to the web plate and saddle rib placements

Web Thickness, twA recommended minimum web thickness is 1/2“ (12.5 mm)

Centered web Web at Edge

Number of Ribs"Number of Ribs" means the number of ribsexcluding the two outside ribs

Coefficient of FrictionEnter the coefficient of friction between the saddle base plate and the foundation

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Use MAWP

If the Use MAWP switch is tagged, then the pressure stress will be based on the vesselmaximum allowable working pressure

Add Stiffener Rings

There is also an option to have these ringsact as vacuum rings for the vessel

regular vacuum rings will not be consideredas saddle stiffener rings

Liquid Level Load

The liquid level is the normal level of operating liquid in the vessel. It is NOT the same as hydro test condition (vessel completely full of water or air)

Use Identifier in 3D Sketch

If this is not selected, COMPRESS will use NLL toindicate the nominal liquid level

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Platform / Ladder

Platform / Ladder

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COMPRESS calculates the center of gravity of the platform and the platform weight, then calculates the eccentric overturning bending moment on the vessel

COMPRESS assumes a worst case scenario when combining eccentric overturning with the momentsresulting from wind and seismic forces

Platform Start Angle, End AngleThese inputs specify the angular position in degrees ofthe platform around the circumference of the vessel

0° is at 12 o'clock, 90° is at 3 o'clock

Ladder Start to DatumCOMPRESS calculates the length of ladder as the difference between the platform to datum and the ladder to datum distances

Shell ClearanceThe distance from the outer diameter of the cylinder (cylinder dimension before insulation) to the inner edge of the platform

Railing WeightIt is consider 1 foot length of railing weight

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TraysTray Diameter

The actual diameter of the tray, which may be lessthan the vessel ID

Tray WeightThe weight per square foot of each individual trayin the group

COMPRESS assumes the trays are circular

One Pass/Two PassThis input controls how the trays are depicted in Vessel Drafting Program

Piping

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Piping

The weight of the piping and the weight of the liquid contained by the piping is considered in pipingweight calculations

Piping wind loads are considered by changing vesseleffective OD in Codes Menu/Wind

There are two dialog boxes for making data inputfor piping: User Defined and Detailed Geometry

If you want to enter piping weights directly usethe User Defined dialog box

The piping axis is assumed to be parallel to thevessel axisDetailed Geometry, offers help with pipe lookup tables and the ability to specify a pipe as being connected to one of the vessel nozzles.

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Benefits of COMPRESS

In COMPRESS as design of vessel progresses it calculates required thickness & graphically displays the results.If opening is too close to the end of the vessel or if the nozzle is close to another nozzle COMPRESS automatically checks for overlapping limits of reinforcement between adjacent nozzles. And give warning if interference are detected.

Benefits ..Component analysis

It is not necessary to model an entire vessel if you want to analyze just one part of an existing vessel.

Broad MATERIAL libraryMaterial properties are in a library holding

entire ASME material, all vaccum charts & elastic modulus data are available.

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Benefits …Automatic Report generation

COMPRESS show not only the calculated result but typically also the equation used. Equations indicate code reference number.

Detailed summary are available for each parameter, component and such as nozzle summary, pressure summary, thickness summary, weight summary, vaccum summary, hydro test summary.

Benefits ..

Automatic Report generation

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Benefits ..Automatic Report generation

Benefits …Automatic Report generation

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Benefits …Automatic Report generation

Benefits …LINKING TO OTHER PROGRAMS

Exchanger work in conjuction with COMPRESS to mechanically design heat exchanger.TEMA / ASME EXCHANGER design heat exchangers according to VII

& VIII edition of the TEMA standard & ASME SEC VIII PART UHX

TEMA and ASME Exchanger calculates governing required tubesheet thickness for up to 8 separate loading conditions such as normal, start up, shut down etc.

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Benefits …LINKING TO OTHER PROGRAMS …

We can export the model so it open the door for more detail communication.

Benefits …FLEXIBILITY

COMPRESS can have a flexibility to change parameters like thickness, internal & external pressure, corrosion allowance, hydro test pressure etc.

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Benefits …TECHNICAL GUIDELINES

some material require full radiography and COMPRESS guides for the this which is specified in compliance with table UCS-57/UNF-57.In rating mode it automatically forces impact testing on UCS-66 materials for thickness greater than 4in.COMPRESS does not adjust nominal thickness downward if design requirement are reduced.

REFERENCESASME section VIII div.1ASCE 7-88 (formally ANSI A 58.1)Uniform Building Code 1991National Building Code of Canada 1990L.P.Zick (analysis of saddle support)C.E.Freese (Vibration of vertical PV)ASME/ANSI B 16.5-1988 pipe flange and flange fittingsAPI RP 510, second edition(inspection, rating and repair of PV. in

petroleum refinery services)

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Pricing for COMPRESS Price for first copy : $ 6000Annual support & : $ 1300Update Service (SUS)

Local Area Network Charge : 30% Extra

THANK YOU.........