Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Q&A: Mapping out Future Charging Infrastructure
Moderator: Adam Langton, Energy Analyst, California Public Utilities Commission
• Rob Bearman, Global Alliances - Utilities & Energy, Better Place, Inc.
• Sid Mal, Doctoral Candidate, UCLA’s Smart Grid Energy Research Center
• Kazumi Matsushige, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Former Vice President, Kyoto University
Infrastructure Knowns and Unknowns
Adam Langton
California Public Utilities Commission
CA Charging Infrastructure Knowns
• Some left from the 1990s
• Utilities are not allowed to own charging stations (CPUC Decision 1103027)
• Policies designed to encourage competitive market to meet residential/workplace/public needs
• Some standards in place, some not
CA Charging Infrastructure Unknowns
• How much do we need?
• What business model works?
• What about renters? Workplace?
• What are the grid impacts?
• What about standards?
UCLA EV Research
SMERC (http://smartgrid.ucla.edu)
Smart Parking Garage
Siddhartha Mal
PhD Candidate
Smart Parking Garage
• One million electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are expected to be in use in the US by individuals and fleets by 2015 [1]. Un-managed EV charging will add to peak grid load and would require additional generation capacity [2], [3].
• Smart charging of vehicles – Aggregated EVs can act as a smart load
• Optimize charging of vehicles to aid in peak shaving, valley filling, and overall load levelization
• Schedule charging according to clean/renewable energy availability – Regulate intermittently available renewable energy by varying charging
– Aggregated EVs can also act as a grid resource through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation by sending electricity back into the grid thereby preventing or postponing load shedding [4],[5].
– Accomplish all this while guaranteeing driver schedule and range requirements are met
RFID reader
RFID tag
Internet connected access gate
Screen displaying
access information and
designated parking spot
•When the driver arrives at the parking garage access gate his RFID tag is read by an overhead reader •If the driver is authorized grant him access and assign him a parking spot (displayed on a screen at the gate)
Parking Garage Access Gate
EV owner creating a charge profile
using the EV Command Portal
application on her mobile device
Touchscreen running the
EV Command Portal
application displaying EV charge status
EVSE • Transmits charge status information to the Parking Garage Aggregation Middleware, • Receives charge on/off commands from the Aggregated Charge Scheduler •Allows for level 1 and 2 charging.
Parking Spot
Charge time and cost estimates
Car charge and range status. Real-time pricing information.
User selectable charge mode: 1) Cheapest – charge my car as cheaply as possible within a maximum allowable time 2) Fastest – charge my car as fast as possible, regardless of cost 3) Profile – Charge my charge based on the profile I create
Users may create charge profiles in advance
Garage operators may provide incentives to users who provide their charging schedules in advance – the
more predictable the demand, the
References
[1] United States Department of Energy. (2011, February) “One Million Electric Vehicles By 2015,” http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/edg/news/documents/1_Million_Electric_Vehicle_Report_Final.pdf
[2] J. Kiviluoma, P. Meibom, “Methodology for modelling plug-in electric vehicles in the power system and cost estimates for a system with either smart or dumb electric vehicles,” Energy, Volume 36, Issue 3, pp. 1758-1767, March 2011.
[3] M. Kintner-Meyer, K. Schneider and R.Pratt. “Impacts assessment of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on electric utilities and regional U.S.
power grids,” Technical analysis. In 10th Annual EUEC Conference, Tucson, AZ, 2007. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). [4] W. Kempton, J. Tomić, "Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: From stabilizing
the grid to supporting large-scale renewable energy," Journal of Power Sources, Volume 144, Issue 1, pp. 280-294, June 1, 2005.
[5] C. Guille, G. Gross, "A conceptual framework for the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) implementation," Energy Policy, Volume 37, Issue 11, pp. 4379-4390, November 2009.
Questions
• How can utilities best leverage the capabilities of a Smart Parking Garage?
– As a Demand Response asset
– As a controllable load
– For regulation services
• Renewable energy
Rob Bearman
Global Energy and Utility Alliances
October, 2011
Better Place Smart Energy International
San Francisco
Better Place is an EV network operator
14
EV Ecosystem
A Autos
B Batteries
C Charging infrastructure
D Drivers
E Energy
Questions for this panel
• How can changing regulations affect future charging
infrastructure?
• What is utility involvement?
• How are EVSPs regulated?
• Who should operate and maintain the charging infrastructure?
• Which stakeholders should have ownership over charging
stations and other EV charging infrastructure?
• Business models:
• Sell EVSE
• Sell charging subscriptions
• Sell holistic solution
CONFIDENTIAL © 2010 Better Place 15
Better Place enables mass market EVs
16
Customer Need Solution
Convenience Charge spots where you need them, full battery every
morning
No range restrictions Battery switch stations are faster and easier than gas
stations
Affordability
Better Place pays for and owns the battery, reducing upfront
cost and technological risk; customers pay an affordable
monthly fee
Clean energy Adjustable demand to match intermittent renewable energy
Better Place solution elements
17
At home, work, and out and about: charge spots and battery switch stations
Access to charging when and where you park
Ability to drive long distances by providing fully
charged batteries on the road
Working with utilities and customers to monitor
and manage energy supply and demand
In hand, in the car: driver services
Behind the scenes: managed EV services
In-car and remote access to your EV’s energy
information, trip planning and other services
Rendering
Better Place network members pay monthly for all inclusive service
“How do you make the world a better place by 2020?”
Use electric vehicles as a networked energy asset - they can help
us meet our Renewable Portfolio Standards goals
Decrease oil consumption, increase renewable generation
18